Fall cone tests on sensitive marine clay: a comprehensive experimental study and its replication with the Generalized Interpolation Material Point Method

Fall cone tests on sensitive marine clay: a comprehensive experimental study and its replication with the Generalized Interpolation Material Point Method | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article Fall cone tests on sensitive marine clay: a comprehensive experimental study and its replication with the Generalized Interpolation Material Point Method Debasis Mohapatra, Saeideh Mohammadi, Maarit Saresma, Joonas J. Virtasalo, and 1 more This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-5500388/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract The paper presents fall cone experiments, their analysis with digital image processing and their replication with the Generalized Interpolation Material Point Method. The fall cone experiments were conducted on a soft and sensitive marine clay sample collected from the Gulf of Finland in the Baltic Sea. The paper presents experiments performed with a 30°, 100g cone, and a 60°, 60g cone dropped from different heights and recorded with a high-speed camera. The tests were supplemented with a laboratory test program to determine the geotechnical properties of the soil used in the tests. The Generalized Interpolation Material Point Method (GIMP) simulations shown in the paper replicate the process of indentation of the cone into the soil: the cone displacement, velocity, acceleration, and reaction force curves obtained with digital image processing. The simulations show that for an accurate replication of the process a strain-rate dependent Tresca constitutive model, extended with strain softening replicating destructuration is sufficient. The study examines the effect of cone geometry, cone mass, cone roughness, impact velocity, mesh density, strain rate and strain softening on the cone penetration process. The simulation results indicate that the presented framework can simulate the dynamic penetration process on soft and sensitive clay very well. Civil Engineering Dynamic penetration Generalized interpolation material point method Fall cone test digital image processing clay destructuration strain rate effects Full Text Additional Declarations The authors declare no competing interests. Supplementary Files disp300.mpg disp3010.mpg disp3020.mpg disp600.mpg disp6010.mpg disp6020.mpg E3001.mp4 E3002.mp4 E3003.mp4 E3004.mp4 E3005.mp4 E30101.mp4 E30102.mp4 E30103.mp4 E30104.mp4 E30105.mp4 E30201.mp4 E30202.mp4 E30203.mp4 E30205.mp4 E6001.mp4 E6002.mp4 E6003.mp4 E6004.mp4 E6005.mp4 E60101.mp4 E60102.mp4 E60103.mp4 E60104.mp4 E60105.mp4 E60201.mp4 E60202.mp4 E60203.mp4 E60204.mp4 E60205.mp4 EN300.mp4 EN3010.mp4 EN3020.mp4 EN600.mp4 EN300.xlsx EN3010.xlsx EN3020.xlsx EN600.xlsx EN6020.xlsx SD7.xlsx SD8.xlsx su300.mpg su3010.mpg su3020.mpg su600.mpg su6010.mpg su6020.mpg TrackPoints.m vel300.mpg vel3010.mpg vel3020.mpg vel600.mpg vel6010.mpg vel6020.mpg Cite Share Download PDF Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. Our growing team is made up of researchers and industry professionals working together to solve the most critical problems facing scientific publishing. Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-5500388","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":381211660,"identity":"f5eebbf3-1e5a-4c0c-ae29-a1ecb351e310","order_by":0,"name":"Debasis Mohapatra","email":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAABBUlEQVRIiWNgGAWjYFACHhgjsf1HQoUNkMHYeIAILQZAnHxA4sOZNJCWBmK1pCVIzmw5DBbDq0W3vffg54KaP/n87TkGxrwN5+3Wth8G2lJjE41Li9mZc8nSM44ZWM4488YgmXfH7eRtZxKBWo6l5Tbg0nIjx0Cah83AgAHIOMx75nay2QGgFsaGw/i0GP/m+WdgIH8jx7CZt+1cstn5hwS1mEnzthkYGNxIS2ac2XbAzuwGIVvOnDGzntlnbGB45vExhg9nkhPMbgBtScDnl+M9xrcLvskZyB1PbGNIqLCzNzuf/vDBhxobnFpAgBmZkwhWmYBHOYYWewKKR8EoGAWjYAQCAFZiaQy2xjNrAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4302-1974","institution":"Aalto University","correspondingAuthor":true,"prefix":"","firstName":"Debasis","middleName":"","lastName":"Mohapatra","suffix":""},{"id":381211663,"identity":"401b3340-0467-48a9-adee-4ec7f335fccf","order_by":1,"name":"Saeideh Mohammadi","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Aalto University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Saeideh","middleName":"","lastName":"Mohammadi","suffix":""},{"id":381214745,"identity":"fadf8927-a5c4-4cf8-b676-427f053a8f85","order_by":2,"name":"Maarit Saresma","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Geological Survey of Finland (GTK)","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Maarit","middleName":"","lastName":"Saresma","suffix":""},{"id":381214746,"identity":"b29402f2-c149-4a2c-8504-6374c024b08c","order_by":3,"name":"Joonas J. 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