Global Epidemiology and Evolutionary Dynamics of Arboviruses: A Systematic Review of Surveillance, Control Strategies, and Emerging Threats

Arboviral diseases, transmitted primarily by Aedes mosquitoes, represent a growing global health challenge. The spread of dengue, Zika, chikungunya, and yellow fever has been exacerbated by factors such as climate change, urbanization, and increased global mobility. We conducted a comprehensive analysis of recent studies, utilizing molecular surveillance data, vector dynamics, and outbreak reports (Registered in the PROSPERO system with code CRD42021231605). The review highlights the significant role of climate change in expanding vector ranges and the increasing genetic diversity of circulating viral strains. Key findings include the rapid evolution of arboviruses in response to environmental and host pressures, the challenges posed by insecticide resistance, and the promise of innovative control measures, such as genetic modifications of mosquitoes. The review emphasizes the need for integrated global efforts to enhance early detection, strengthen public health responses, and develop broad-spectrum vaccines to combat these diseases effectively.