Systemic HCG treatment in patients with endometriosis: a new perspective for a painful disease

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Systemic HCG injections significantly reduced pain and improved quality of life in patients with therapy-refractory endometriosis over a 3-12 month treatment period.

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This paper examined the effect of systemic human chorionic gonadotrophin (HCG) injections on endometriosis-related symptoms in 31 women with histologically verified, therapy-refractory endometriosis who received weekly intramuscular HCG for 3 to 12 months. Using a quality-of-life questionnaire and a visual analog pain intensity scale (VAS), the authors found that after at least three months there was a highly significant reduction in endometriosis-related pain and improvements in several disease-related parameters including sleep, irritability, overall discomfort, depressive moods, and painful defecation, with dyspareunia and dysmenorrhea also improving; dysuria did not significantly change. The authors report that prolonged HCG treatment up to 12 months did not diminish the beneficial effects. This paper is centrally about endometriosis — it evaluates systemic HCG therapy for reducing pain and improving quality of life in treatment-refractory endometriosis.

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Abstract

BACKGROUND: Endometriosis is characterized by the presence of endometrium-like tissue outside the uterus. This condition causes painful periods, chronic pelvic pain, subfertility and a profound reduction in quality of life, especially during women's reproductive years. Currently available medical therapies offer comparatively little therapeutic benefit and are often burdened by considerable side effects. However, since clinical evidence shows that pregnancy leads to alleviation of endometriotic symptoms, we have for the first time examined the effect of human chorionic gonadotrophin (HCG) injections on symptoms such as dysmenorrhea and pelvic pain. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Thirty-one patients with histologically verified endometriosis refractory to therapy received 1 to 2 intramuscular injections of 1500 to 5000 IU HCG per week for a period of 3-12 months. A QoL questionnaire and the visual analog pain intensity scale (VAS) were used to evaluate quality of life and pain intensity, respectively, before and after three months of treatment. RESULTS: Three months of HCG therapy led to a highly significant reduction of endometriosis-related pain (p<0.001, Wilcoxon test) and to improvement of disease-related parameters such as sleeplessness (p<0.001), irritability (p<0.001), overall discomfort (p<0.001), depressive moods (p<0.001) and painful defecation (p=0.01). Dyspareunia and dysmenorrhea also clearly improved (both p<0.001), though HCG did not lead to significant reduction of dysuria (p=0.66). Prolonged therapy with HCG for up to 12 months (mean: 4.42 months) did not lead to reduction of the beneficial effect. CONCLUSIONS: HCG injections lead to significant and clinically relevant reduction in pain intensity and to greatly improved quality of life in women with therapy-refractory endometriosis. The remarkable clinical effect of parenteral HCG in our study will have to be confirmed in additional trials but clearly indicates an extremely promising new perspective in the treatment of endometriosis.
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Summary BACKGROUND: Endometriosis is characterized by the presence of endometrium-like tissue outside the uterus. This condition causes painful periods, chronic pelvic pain, subfertility and a profound reduction in quality of life, especially during women’s reproductive years. Currently available medical therapies offer comparatively little therapeutic benefit and are often burdened by considerable side effects. However, since clinical evidence shows that pregnancy leads to alleviation of endometriotic symptoms, we have for the first time examined the effect of human chorionic gonadotrophin (HCG) injections on symptoms such as dysmenorrhea and pelvic pain. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Thirty-one patients with histologically verified endometriosis refractory to therapy received 1 to 2 intramuscular injections of 1500 to 5000 IU HCG per week for a period of 3–12 months. A QoL questionnaire and the visual analog pain intensity scale (VAS®) were used to evaluate quality of life and pain intensity, respectively, before and after three months of treatment. RESULTS: Three months of HCG therapy led to a highly significant reduction of endometriosis-related pain (p < 0.001, Wilcoxon test) and to improvement of disease-related parameters such as sleeplessness (p < 0.001), irritability (p < 0.001), overall discomfort (p < 0.001), depressive moods (p < 0.001) and painful defecation (p = 0.01). Dyspareunia and dysmenorrhea also clearly improved (both p < 0.001), though HCG did not lead to significant reduction of dysuria (p = 0.66). Prolonged therapy with HCG for up to 12 months (mean, 4.42 months) did not lead to reduction of the beneficial effect. CONCLUSIONS: HCG injections lead to significant and clinically relevant reduction in pain intensity and to greatly improved quality of life in women with therapy-refractory endometriosis. The remarkable clinical effect of parenteral HCG in our study will have to be confirmed in additional trials but clearly indicates an extremely promising new perspective in the treatment of endometriosis. Zusammenfassung HINTERGRUND: Endometriose ist charakterisiert durch das Vorkommen von Endometrium-artigem Gewebe außerhalb der Gebärmutter, was zu Dysmenorrhoe, chronischen Unterbauchschmerzen und reduzierter Fertilität führt und eine nachhaltige Verminderung der Lebensqualität besonders während der reproduktiven Jahre verursacht. Die gegenwärtig angewendeten medikamentösen Strategien sind bei meist geringem therapeutischem Effekt oft mit massiven Nebenwirkungen belastet. Interessanterweise kommt es bei schwangeren Patientinnen häufig zu einer deutlichen Besserung von Beschwerden und einer Regression von Endometrioseläsionen. Da es im Verlauf einer Schwangerschaft unter anderem zu einer deutlichen Erhöhung von systemischen HCG-Spiegeln kommt, haben wir erstmals den Einfluss von HCG-Injektionen auf Symptome wie Dysmenorrhoe und Unterbauchschmerzen untersucht. PATIENTEN UND METHODIK: 31 therapierefraktäre Patientinnen mit histologisch verifizierter Endometriose erhielten wöchentlich ein bis zwei intramuskuläre Injektionen von 1500 bis 5000 I.E. HCG für einen Zeitraum von drei Monaten bis ein Jahr. Lebensqualität und Schmerzintensität wurden je vor und nach einer zumindest dreimonatigen Therapie mittels QoL-Fragebogen und Schmerzintensität mit dem Visual Analog Scale-(VAS®-)Instrument gemessen. ERGEBNISSE: Unter einer dreimonatigen HCG-Therapie kam es zu einer hochsignifikanten Reduktion von Endometriose-bedingten Schmerzen (p < 0,001, Wilcoxon-Test) und damit auch zu einer deutlichen Verbesserung von erkrankungsbedingten Parametern wie Schlaflosigkeit (p < 0,001), Irritabilität (p < 0,001), allgemeinem Unwohlsein (p < 0,001), depressiven Verstimmungen (p < 0,001) und Schmerzen bei der Defäkation (p = 0,013). Obwohl es unter HCG nicht zu einer signifikanten Reduktion von Dysurie kam (p = 0,066), verbesserten sich Dyspareunie und Dysmenorrhoe ebenfalls eindeutig (jeweils p < 0,001). Die Gabe von HCG bis zu 12 Monaten (Durchschnitt, 4,42 Monate) führte zu keiner Wirkungsabschwächung. SCHLUSSFOLGERUNG: HCG-Injektionen führen zu einer signifikanten und klinisch relevanten Reduktion der Schmerzintensität sowie zu einem profunden Anstieg der Lebensqualität in Frauen mit therapierefraktärer Endometriose. Obwohl der bemerkenswerte klinische Effekt von parenteralem HCG nun der Bestätigung durch weitere Studien bedarf, so eröffnen unsere Ergebnisse eine äußerst vielversprechende Perspektive in der Behandlung von Endometriosepatientinnen. Similar content being viewed by others Author information Authors and Affiliations Corresponding author Rights and permissions About this article Cite this article Huber, A.V., Huber, J.C., Kolbus, A. et al. Systemic HCG treatment in patients with endometriosis: A new perspective for a painful disease. Wien Klin Wochenschr 116, 839–843 (2004). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00508-004-0296-5 Received: Accepted: Issue date: DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00508-004-0296-5

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Outcome instruments

VAS-pain

Condition tags

endometriosischronic_pelvic_paindysmenorrheadyspareunia

MeSH descriptors

Chorionic Gonadotropin Endometriosis Adult Chorionic Gonadotropin Chorionic Gonadotropin Endometriosis Endometriosis Endometriosis Endometriosis Female Humans Injections, Intramuscular Middle Aged Pain Pain Pain Pain Measurement Prospective Studies Quality of Life Statistics, Nonparametric

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pubmed
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