Enhancing the Cell Viability and Antibacterial Properties of Composite Layer by Active Particulate Additions

Because of their exceptional biological, mechanical, and structural capabilities, polymer matrix composite materials are immensely appealing in the biomedical industry, particularly for surface activation of metallic implants and tissue engineering. The purpose of this research is to investigate the effect of adding 5% active metallic particles (Mg particles and Ag nanoparticles) to an alginate matrix on cell survival (fibroblast MG-36 cells), antibacterial activity, surface texture, roughness, and wettability. The incorporation of 5% Mg particles and Ag nanoparticles in polymeric matrix employed composite material with outstanding properties. The adding of Mg and Ag particles boosted wettability by decreasing the contact angle from 56.83° to 0°. The activity of Candida albicans and Porphyromanoas gingivalis was significantly reduced, particularly with Ag nanoparticles, which fight bacteria by blocking cell development and improving the antimicrobial properties of composite materials. The use of Ag nanoparticles to strengthen alginate resulted in higher fibroblast proliferation for MG-63 cell at the outer layer, which resulted in superior cell viability (24, 48, and 72). Meanwhile, due to Mg's high activity, the reverse effect was found when Mg particles were used, making the composite surface more active (enriched with Mg ions).