Modeling the Risk of Human Rabies Infection Associated with Dog-Trade in West Africa

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Increasing demands for the dog meat has resulted in increased transboundary movements of trade-dogs, which creates opportunities for the potential transmission of rabies. This study estimated the probability of rabies virus introduction into the dog slaughter environment, exposure among dog butchers, and the effectiveness of risk mitigation measures in Ghana and Nigeria. Methods: We developed Quantitative Risk Analysis models for Ghana and Nigeria due to active within-country and transborder dog trade in both countries. The models quantified the risk of acquiring rabies among dog butchers in these countries and evaluated risk mitigation options, including butchers’ vaccination, education, use of personal protective equipment (PPE), and dog vaccination. The models were parameterized based on data from published reports on activities related to dog trade and butchery and live interviews with butchers in selected dog markets. Experts’ opinions were used for data triangulation, and sensitivity analysis was performed for variables in the models. Results: Encounters with rabid dogs was much higher with the inclusion of transboundary dogs compared to in-country dogs only. This increased the probability estimates of rabies infection among butchers by 66.2% (6.5 to 10.8/850 butchers/yr) and 238.2% (16.5 to 55.8/1,750 butchers/yr) in Ghana and Nigeria, respectively. The probability of bite and consequent infection risk were key drivers of uncertainty in the models. Vaccination of 70% of the dog population as recommended by the World Health Organization could reduce butcher infections by 62% and 70% in Ghana and Nigeria, respectively. In comparison, appropriate post-exposure vaccination of butchers would reduce infections by 100% in both countries. Where optimal dog vaccination and subsidized butcher vaccination are nonexistent due to cost and other logistics, continuous butcher education combined with enforced use of PPE could drastically reduce exposure risk. Conclusion: Awareness creation on the importance of dog trade and butchering as potential occupational risk factors for rabies transmission, and regulation of dog trade in affected countries are critical for the realization of the Global target of “Zero Dog-Mediated Human Rabies by 2030”. Infection rabies dog-trade transboundary dog-butchers Figures Figure 1 Figure 2 Figure 3 Figure 4 Figure 5 Background Rabies is preventable but remains endemic and of significant public health importance in Africa and Asia [ 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 ]. The disease is caused by the Lyssavirus genus and can infect a wide range of mammalian species [ 6 ]. Domestic dogs are responsible for transmitting the virus to humans in more than 99% of cases via bites [ 7 ], although transmission through scratches, mucosal contact, and, in some cases, organ transplantation [ 8 , 9 ] has been documented. Although dogs are not listed as food animals [ 10 ], trade of dogs as a livelihood [ 11 ], for food, especially as a source of protein [ 12 ], medicine, and cultural and ritual purposes is common [ 13 ] in many parts of the world. This practice has been reported in Asia, North America, Europe and Africa [ 14 ]. Countries in Africa where these practices are known to occur include Cameroon, Ghana, Nigeria and a few others in parts of the West African and Central African sub-regions [ 15 , 16 , 17 ]. Within the West African region, there are multiple dog trade routes. A prominent route is the Ghana–Burkina Faso–Togo dog trade axis [ 18 ]. Here, live dogs are transported from Burkina Faso into the Upper Eastern and Western Regions of Ghana, where there is increasing demand due to local consumption. Additionally, within the Ashanti, Eastern and Greater Accra regions, in-country dogs are slaughtered, consumed and/or smuggled into Togo. In Ghana, the dog trade and butchery for consumption is rife in Bolgatanga and other communities in the northern area as a culturally accepted practice. Dog markets are dotted in these communities without regulatory restrictions [ 19 ]. Like many regions in West Africa, most dogs freely roam in communities and may bite and expose their victims to the rabies virus [ 20 ]. Another transboundary dog trade route within the West African Region is the Chad–Cameroon–Niger–Nigeria dog trade axis [ 18 ]. Plateau state in North Central Nigeria serves as the central port for dog import from these neighboring countries [ 16 ]. From here, dogs are transported to other parts of the country. A substantial number of dogs are also reared in Nigeria for in-country sale and slaughter purposes [ 11 ]. Identifying the owners of these dogs raised for trade and obtaining evidence of rabies vaccination are usually difficult [ 21 , 22 ]. Human rabies fatalities have been reported in Ghana and Nigeria. For example, Otolorin et al. [ 23 ], in a 10-year (1980–2014) review, reported 78 human rabies deaths across 10 states in Nigeria. Similarly, Mshelbwala et al. [ 24 ], in another review (2000–2019), reported that 80% of 30 studies reporting dog bite incidents in Nigeria recorded human fatalities. In Ghana, Wubonto [ 25 ] reported 77 human rabies deaths in 3 years. Rabies virus has been isolated from several brain samples of dogs slaughtered for human consumption [ 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 ]. The presence of the virus in such dogs constitutes a hazard, as bites may occur during handling and butchering activities [ 21 ]. Given the frequency of bites and the hazardous nature of work, handlers and butchers may be exposed without their knowledge [ 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 ]. Evidence that neutralizing antibodies are not due to pre- or post-exposure vaccination but are possibly indicative of occupational exposure among dog traders and butchers has been shown [ 34 , 35 , 36 ]. The trade and slaughter of dogs for food complicates rabies dynamics at the human‒animal interface within the West African sub-region, especially as large numbers of unvaccinated dogs are moved both intra- and transboundary [ 37 ]. The contribution of these practices to overall disease epidemiology is unknown, making disease elimination efforts a challenge. Poorly defined disease dynamics, inefficient surveillance systems and nonprioritization by decision makers in Western and Central African countries are major obstacles to realizing the global target of “Zero Dog-Mediated Human Rabies by 2030”, as adopted by the World Health Organization (WHO) and partners [ 5 , 38 ]. Gross underreporting due to ineffective health information systems in Africa and knowledge gaps concerning the impact of the dog trade and butchery on the rabies burden necessitate the deployment of tools that serve to elucidate the intricacies of the disease situation. Disease modeling is a useful tool for gaining insight into the details of complex disease systems and identifying key drivers that otherwise may be impossible due to the paucity of verifiable country-specific disease data [ 39 , 40 ]. Stochastic models, in particular, facilitate the modeling of uncertainty in key disease parameters [ 41 ]. The purpose of this study was to quantify the impact of dog trade and butchery on the overall rabies burden in the West African sub-region in the face of a growing demand for dog meat. The objectives of this study were (1) to estimate the probability of rabies virus introduction into the dog slaughter environment; (2) to quantify rabies exposure and transmission risk to dog butchers within Ghana and Nigeria; and (3) to evaluate the effectiveness of butcher vaccination (pre- or post-exposure prophylaxis), butcher education, dog vaccination and the use of personal protective equipment (PPE) in risk reduction within the sub-region. Methods Data source A scoping review of published reports from PubMed, African Journals Online, Google Scholar, ResearchGate and Academia for relevant studies within Ghana, Nigeria and neighboring trade partners (Fig. 1) on rabies prevalence, dog trade, dog-meat consumption and relevant activities around dog markets was conducted from June 2024 to January 2025. Additionally, a rapid appraisal of the activities of butchers was carried out via a semi-structured, open-ended questionnaire (Supplemental Table B) during 3 separate face–to–face interviews with key informants in September 2024. The key informants included heads of dog butcher associations in selected dog markets in Ghana and Nigeria, dog traders and handlers. The interviews were used to obtain data on dog importation and slaughter volumes, bite and wound exposures during daily activities, knowledge about rabies and general precautions taken against infection. The experts’ opinions were obtained via unstructured discussions, which were then combined with the field and literature survey data used in the models. Experts’ opinions also served as a check against unrealistic values of model parameters, as they were used to modify field survey data such as dog trade volumes, slaughter volumes, butcher population, frequencies of bites and wounds and acceptance of post-exposure vaccination among dog butchers before arriving at the final model parameter values. The experts included veterinarians working within the vicinity of dog markets, dog consumers, traders and veterinary staff working at borders where dogs are imported into Ghana and Nigeria. Overall, 9 experts’ opinions were sought in the study. Model overview The probability of rabies virus introduction and subsequent transmission during dog butchering was estimated via a stochastic model with three main Monte Carlo simulation steps (Fig. 2). In the first step, two virus introduction pathways were considered: 1) imports of infected dogs from Burkina Faso into Ghana and from Cameroon, Chad and Niger into Nigeria ( P infCB ); and 2) locally sourced dogs for slaughter within Ghana and Nigeria ( P infIC ). In the second step, virus exposure during dog butchering was simulated to estimate the probability of rabies exposure through bites ( P exp,bite ), exposure of existing open wounds to infectious material ( P exp,wound ), and the combined probability of both incidents ( P exp,bite&wound ), which are common occurrences during slaughtering activities. Finally, the joint uncertainty distributions of at least one of these occurrences ( P exp ) and their respective risks of transmission ( P transm,bite and P transm,wound ) were combined with P infIC and P infCB to simulate the probability of infection during butchering activities per year ( P ill,year )and therefore the projected number of cases among butchers annually (Fig. 2). Three categories of scenarios were modeled: (1) Baseline scenarios for rabies virus infection risk among butchers in Ghana and Nigeria assuming domestic dogs of local origins only; (2) Transboundary dog-trade-added risk scenario for rabies virus infection among butchers in Ghana and Nigeria; (3) Risk mitigation scenarios including butcher vaccination (pre- or post-exposure prophylaxis), butcher education, dog vaccination and the use of PPE. The model was implemented in R version 4.4.0 [42]. The primary outcome measure in the model was the number of infected butchers per year resulting from bite, wound, or bite and wound exposure during dog butchering. The secondary outcome measures were the added risk impacts of transboundary dog trade and the effects of various mitigations. Probability of virus introduction into the dog slaughter environment ( P infCB and P infIC ) Records of commercial dog movement were not available, so data obtained from interviews with dog butchers were triangulated with expert opinions to arrive at slaughter volume estimates (Table 1). P infIC and P infCB were simulated using a beta distribution with an uninformative prior based on Fluorescent Antibody Test sero-prevalence estimates obtained from several studies (Table 1). The probability of virus introduction into the dog slaughter environment from both in-country and transborder dogs was then estimated by combining P infIC and P infCB with dog trade volumes and export volumes, respectively, as well as baseline dog vaccination status for individual countries to obtain the total number of infected in-country and transborder dogs presented for slaughter Eq. (A.1 – A.3 – supplemental Table A). Probability of virus transmission/exposure during dog butchering (P infection ) The average number of rabid dogs encountered by a butcher in a year was modeled by dividing the total number of infected dogs presented for slaughter by the butcher population. Information regarding the frequency of bite events and wound incursions was obtained from interviews with butchers (Table 1). The rate of bites and the rate of open wound contacts were simulated using gamma distributions, with the number of contacts or bites as the alpha parameter and the length of time to observe those bites as the beta parameter. The product of P infIC or P infCB and the rate of open wound contacts (Rate wound ) or bites (Rate bite ) and the probability of transmission from wound contact (InfRisk wound ) or bite (InfRisk bite ) estimated from published data as Pert distributions were multiplied to estimate the overall rate of infection through bite or wound within a year of working as a butcher. This rate was used to estimate the Poisson probability of at least one infection per year for a worker through an exposure via a bite (P infection>0,bite ), or the probability of at least one infection per wound contact (P infection>0,wound ), or the probability of at least one infection from a wound and bite exposure (P infection>0,wound & bite ) Eq. (A.4 – A.5 – supplemental Table A). The joint probability P infection of at least one of either wound or bite infection event was estimated as the sum of P infection>0,bite and P infection>0,wound , minus the probability of both P infection>0,wound & bite Eq. (A.6 – supplemental table A). The number of butcher infections N total was then estimated through a binomial process with P infection and the number of butchers not protected via vaccination to estimate the probability of individual events occurring Eq. (A.7 – supplemental Table A). According to the experts’ opinions, 9.0% of the butcher population already sought post-exposure antirabies vaccination, and thus, at least 9.0% of butchers were assumed to seek post-exposure vaccination in all scenarios, with a vaccine efficacy of 99.9%. Mitigation and scenario analysis The baseline scenarios for Ghana and Nigeria represented country-specific disease situations and butchery activities as currently practiced. These included country-specific disease prevalence, butcher population, dog slaughter volume (Table 1), rate of rabid dog presentation for slaughter and transmission probabilities where no appropriate mitigations are implemented to prevent infections. In the baseline scenarios, it was assumed that butchers wore normal street clothes, did not wash out bites or exposed wounds, did not cover preexisting wounds, and that any dose of rabies virus to which they were exposed caused an infection with an assumed probability on the basis of whether a bite or a wound exposure occurred. It was also assumed that the rates of bites and wounds were the same for Ghana and Nigeria and that slaughter volumes remained constant throughout the year. The transboundary dog-trade added risk scenario represented additional risk incurred related to the transboundary movement of dogs. This included increases in disease prevalence corresponding to source countries, which led to higher numbers of rabid dogs presented for slaughter with increased risk of bites and wound exposures. In the mitigation scenarios, butcher vaccination, butcher education, dog vaccination and the use of PPE were modeled individually. The effects of mitigation measures (MMs) were modeled on the basis of their levels of use and efficacy Eq. (A.8 – supplemental Table A), where it is assumed that butchers or dogs who did not receive the intervention maintained baseline conditions and that those who did receive the mitigation had reduced vulnerability to transmission. The levels of use represented the proportion of butchers vaccinated, proportion of butchers educated, proportion of butchers using PPE, or proportion of vaccinated dogs. The efficacy represented the proportion of butchers or dogs where the mitigation had its intended effect. Efficacies were gathered from published data (Table 1). Different levels of use were tested via scenario analysis (Table 4) to estimate their impact on the number of cases prevented compared with the baseline. The effectiveness of MMs was evaluated in 25% increments of levels of use from 0% - 100% for PPE use and butcher education and 9% - 100% for butcher vaccination. For dog vaccination, levels of use were evaluated from 40% - 100%, with varied dog vaccination baseline levels, which were country dependent. The levels of use and efficacy were assumed to be independent between the MMs (Table 4). The model inputs and data sources are shown in Table 1. Table 1: Baseline data sources for human rabies infection risk associated with dog trade – Ghana and Nigeria VARIABLE DESCRIPTION DISTRIBUTION DATA SOURCE Prevalence of Canine Rabies (PinfIC) Nigeria (12.5%) Beta Beta Beta Beta Beta Beta Mshelbwala et al. [24] Ghana (11.1%) Tasiame et al. [13] Turkson, [43 ] Paul, [44 ] Guri et al. [45 ] Edward et al. [46 ] Cameroon (3.7%) Patrick et al. [47 ] Chad (87.8%) Kemdongarti et al. [48 ] Niger (75%) GAVI, [49 ] Burkina Faso (40.2%) Dieudone Tialla, [50 ] Combined prevalence of Canine Rabies (PinfCB) Nigeria (27.9%) Ghana (15.2%) Weighted mean Weighted mean Deterministic Deterministic Dog vaccination status ( BdVstatus ) Nigeria (12.29%) Constant Constant Constant Constant Constant Constant GARC [51 ] Ghana (0.8%) [51] Cameroon (0.8%) [51] Chad (0.8%) [51] Niger (0.8%) [51] Burkina Faso (8.2%) Dahourou et al. [52 ] Dog vaccination efficacy 88% Constant Eckman, [53 ] Dog slaughter volume (TrVol) Nigeria (~104,000 per year) Poisson poisson Interviews/Expert opinions Ghana (~42,000 per year) Interviews/Expert opinions Dog export volume ( ExVol ) Cameroon (~3,100 per year) Poisson Poisson Poisson Poisson Interviews/Expert opinions Chad (~15,600 per year) Interviews/Expert opinions Niger (~19,500 per year) Interviews/Expert opinions Burkina Faso (~7,800 per year) Interviews/Expert opinions Number of dog bites 20 – 30 bites per month Uniform Butchers/Expert opinion Number of wound contacts 10 – 12 times per year Uniform Butchers/Expert opinion Infection Risk from bites (InfRisk bite ) 0.1%, 15%, 60% pert Quinzio & McCarthy, [54 ] Infection Risk from wounds (InfRisk wound ) 20%, 40%, 40% pert Anh et al. [ 55 ] Butcher population (But pop ) Nigeria (1,500 – 2000) Uniform Butchers/Expert opinions Ghana (700 – 1000) Butchers/Expert opinions Personal Protective Equipment use 0% Constant Interview/Expert opinion PPE efficacy 90% Constant Odetokun et al. [ 56 ] Post-exposure prophylaxis use 9% Constant Interview/Expert opinion Prophylaxis vaccination efficacy 92.0 (Pre-Exposure) 99.9% (Post-Exposure) Constant Constant Denis et al. [57 ] Butcher education efficacy 80% Constant Hasanov et al. [58 ] Sensitivity analysis A conditional means sensitivity analysis on the effects of input parameters on the outcome of the number of infections was carried out for the baseline cases in both countries. The input variables that were examined for association with output uncertainty within the 95 th percentile range were the butcher population size ( But Pop ), rate of bites ( Rate bite ), rate of wounds ( Rate wound ), probability of being bitten at least once ( P infection>0, bite ), probability of being wounded at least once ( P infection>0,wound ), risk of infection via bite (InfRisk bite ) , risk of infection via wound (InfRisk wound ) , and prevalence of rabies in the dog population ( PinfIC or PinfCB ) . Results Probability of virus introduction In the baseline scenario, the mean probabilities of rabid dog presentation during the slaughter of in-country dogs in Ghana and Nigeria were 11.1% and 12.5%, respectively. With the inclusion of transborder dogs from Burkina Faso into Ghana, this figure was 15.2% (95% CI: 13.7% − 16.8%) (Table 2 ). Similarly, the inclusion of transborder dogs from Chad, Cameroon and Niger into Nigeria increased the mean probability of rabid dog presentation to 27.9% (95% CI: 24.3% − 30.7%) (Table 2 ). Table 2 Effects of dog trade and butchering on rabies transmission risk in Ghana and Nigeria Probability events Ghana Nigeria Baseline values Mean probability per yr (%) Effect of trade Baseline values Effect of trade Rabid dog presentation 11.1% 15.2% 12.5% 27.9% (9.3–12.9) (13.7–16.8) (11.6–13.3) (24.3–30.7) P infection>0,bite 0.8% 1.3% 0.9% 3.3% (0.1–2.1) (0.2–3.4) (0.1–2.5) (0.5–8.1) P infection>0, wound 0.05% 0.08% 0.1% 0.2% (0.02–0.1) (0.03–0.2) (0.03–0.1) (0.1–0.4) Probability of virus transmission The mean probabilities of virus transmission via bites (P infection>0, bite ) and wounds (P infection>0, wound ) exposure during butchering of in-country dogs from Ghana were 0.8% (95% CI: 0.1% − 2.1%) and 0.05% (95% CI: 0.02% − 0.1%), respectively. With the inclusion of transborder dogs, however, the mean P infection>0,bite was 1.3% (95% CI: 0.2% − 3.4%), whereas P infection>0,wound was 0.08% (95% CI: 0.03% − 0.2%) (Table 2 ). In Nigeria, the mean P infection>0,bite during butchering of in-country dogs was 0.9% (95% CI: 0.1% − 2.5%). The mean P infection>0,wound was 0.1% (95% CI: 0.03% − 0.1%). Mean P infection>0,bite and P infection>0,wound with the inclusion of transborder dogs were 3.3% (95% CI: 0.5% − 8.1%) and 0.2% (95% CI: 0.1% − 0.4%), respectively (Table 2 ). Annual butcher infection In Ghana, the mean number of butcher infections from at least one independent bite ( N bite ) , wound exposure ( N wound ) , and bites and wound exposure ( N bite&wound ) when in-country dogs are slaughtered are 6 (95% CI: 0–17), 0.4 (95% CI: 0–2) and 0.003 (95% CI: 0–0), respectively. The total mean number of butcher infections per year ( N total ) was 6.5 (95% CI: 0–18), with an estimated 7.7 cases per 1,000 butchers (Table 3 ; Fig. 3a). When transborder dogs from Burkina Faso are slaughtered, N bite , N wound , N bite&wound among butchers are 10 (95% CI: 1–26), 0.6 (95% CI: 0–3) and 0.01 (95% CI: 0–0), respectively, with an N total of 10.8 (95% CI: 1–28). A total of 12.7 cases are estimated per 1,000 butchers due to transboundary trade in dogs (Table 3 ; Fig. 3b). Table 3 Effects of dog trade and butchery on rabies risk among butchers in Ghana and Nigeria Exposure route for cases Ghana Nigeria Baseline cases Cases with transboundary trade Baseline cases Cases with transboundary trade N bite 6 (0–17) 10 (1–26) 16.5 (1–40) 52.7 (2-129) N wound 0.4 (0–1) 0.6 (0–3) 0.9 (0–3) 3.3 (0–8) N bite&wound 0.003 (0–0) 0.01 (0–0) 0.01(0–0) 0.1(0–1) N total 6.5 (0–18) 10.8 (1–28) 16.5 (2–41) 55.8 (9–131) KEY N bite = Number of butcher infections per year resulting from bite exposure N wound = Number of butcher infections per year resulting from wound exposure N bite&wound = Number of butcher infections per year resulting from bite and wound exposure N total = Total number of butcher infection per year In Nigeria, with the slaughter of in-country dogs, N bite , N wound and N bite&wound were 16.5 (95% CI: 1–40), 0.9 (95% CI: 0–3) and 0.01 (95% CI: 0–0), respectively. N total was 16.5 (95% CI: 2–41), with an estimated 9 cases per 1,000 butchers (Table 3 ; Fig. 3c). When transborder dogs from Chad, Cameroon and Niger were included in the slaughter, N bite , N wound and N bite&wound were 52.7 (95% CI: 7–129), 3.3 (95% CI: 0–8) and 0.1 (95% CI: 0–1), respectively. N total resulting from transboundary dog trade was 55.8 (95% CI: 9–131) and 31.9 cases per 1,000 butchers, respectively (Table 3 ; Fig. 3d). Mitigation Scenarios The introduction of PPE as a mitigation at the maximal level of implementation in Ghana and Nigeria decreased baseline N total by more than 90% of estimated cases from this occupation (Table 4 ). Similarly, butcher pre-exposure vaccination in both countries reduced the baseline N total maximally by more than 90% of the estimated cases, whereas butcher post-exposure vaccination reduced the estimated cases by 100%. Optimal dog vaccination at 70% decreased the baseline N total in Ghana and Nigeria by 62% and 70%, respectively (Table 4 ). Stoppage of dog import into Ghana and Nigeria for slaughter and consumption decreased annual cases by an average of 4.2 (95% CI: -17–6) with a confidence of 73.8%, and 40 (95% CI: -97– -6) with a confidence of 99.8%, respectively (Fig. 4 A& B). A combination of butcher education at 30%, 50%, 70% and 100% increment levels with the use of PPE (Fig. 5 A & B) and with post-exposure butcher vaccination ( Fig. 5 C & D ) at 25% increment levels decreased baseline infections by more cases at each level of combination compared with single use of each mitigation The sensitivity analysis revealed that butcher infection related to dog trade and dog butchery is most heavily influenced by the probability of bite and consequent infection risk via at least one bite during the year in both countries (Fig. A & B in the supplemental material). In the simulation for Ghana, the next most influential parameters for total case uncertainty are the prevalence of rabies in dogs from Ghana and the number of butchers (Fig. A.1 & A.2 in the supplemental material). In contrast, the Nigeria simulation is more influenced by uncertainty in the wound-related parameters than the prevalence in dogs or the number of butchers, for which there are more data available and thus less uncertainty relative to Ghana (Fig. B.1 & B.2 in the supplemental material). Discussion The current study suggests that the probability of handling rabid dogs during butchering activities is high but much greater with the inclusion of transborder dogs in the butchery process (11.1–15.2% and 12.5–27.9%) compared with the baseline slaughter volume. As a result, the probability of exposure through bites by rabid dogs and virus transmission resulting in butcher infection is much greater (0.8–1.3% and 0.9–3.3%) for Ghana and Nigeria, respectively. We hypothesize that this increase may be attributed to the higher prevalence of canine rabies in dogs from neighboring countries. The risk of human rabies related to dog trade and dog butchery is a worrisome development. The annual number of butcher infections in this study is likely underreported, especially as model parameters may not be the true picture of the field situation. This analysis suggests that risks from bites among butchers are particularly important for better estimating the number of cases with less uncertainty. Data on introduction through wounds and through mucosal exposures are also potentially important routes of exposure that are not well studied. Official reports of the Global Alliance for Rabies Control [ 51 ] estimate annual human rabies deaths at 112 and 1,637 for Ghana and Nigeria, respectively, although not due to dog trade and butchery alone. To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first to quantify annual rabies infections among dog butchers. Our model estimates suggest that for Ghana, 1–28 cases and for Nigeria, 9–131 cases of total human fatalities reported by the GARC [ 51 ] could be due to exposures of butchers alone, which does not capture the cases attributable to handling the dogs before slaughter and thus likely underestimates the number of cases and deaths directly resulting from this trade. Despite associated health risks, the practice of dog trading for the purpose of livelihood and human consumption is increasing [ 31 ]. The apparent demand for dog meat has resulted in increased transboundary movements of trade dogs, possibly evidenced by the antigenic relatedness of rabies virus isolates from Nigeria with those from Niger, Chad and Cameroon [ 58 , 31 ]; Burkina Faso with those from Mauritania [ 59 ]; and Vietnam with those from China [ 32 ]. Similarly, Akinsulie et al. [ 60 ] reported the antigenic relatedness of rabies virus isolates from several African countries. Evidence of such antigenic relatedness of virus strains in many regions suggests similar situations for Ghana and its neighboring countries. These developments are a testament to the significant role of dog trade in the transboundary movements of dogs and hence the spread of different viral strains. Moreover, socio-cultural practices involving the handling of rabid animals continue to facilitate disease transmission and exposure [ 61 , 62 ]. Dog markets where transborder dogs usually congregate play crucial roles in the transmission and spread of zoonotic diseases [ 23 , 12 ]. Trade dogs, which are usually stray and without any known vaccination records, may be a source of infection for handlers since such dogs are transported freely both transborder and intra-border where they can be exchanged for goods and traditional medicines in the barter trade [ 37 ]. At the Ghana border with Burkina Faso, where the same tribesmen live in both countries, dogs are freely moved on bicycles, tricycles and feet from Burkina Faso into Ghana for sale and consumption. Furthermore, ineffective and obsolete dog laws permit the free movement of unvaccinated dogs [ 63 ]. For example, nomad herdsmen enter Ghana with dogs, which are also traded as they multiply since these nomads are mostly of the Islam religion and do not consume dog meat. The inability of governments in developing countries to conduct mass vaccination of dogs and provide subsidized prophylaxis access to occupational risk groups owing to dwindling resources and a lack of commitment [ 64 ] are major obstacles to rabies control in developing countries. Dog traders and butchers are frequently oblivious to their exposure risk to the rabies virus from trade-dogs, especially as they work without taking any safety precautions [ 65 ]. Sometimes, traders and butchers experience bites and scratches from such dogs, but they do not take appropriate post-exposure prophylaxis [ 65 , 33 ]. The results of the current study suggest that the probability of bites and consequent infection risk are the most important drivers of disease among the butcher population. Dog trade and butchery may be major reasons why rabies remains endemic in Africa and Asia. A high prevalence of canine rabies in countries neighboring Ghana and Nigeria increased the estimated risk of butcher infection in this study. This is because unrestricted transboundary movements of trade-dogs result in a constant influx of dogs, which counters national dog vaccination efforts. Suboptimal dog vaccination coverage related to the high turnover rate of dogs intended for slaughter is a challenge to attaining herd immunity in canines. Our models suggest that 70% coverage of the dog population would reduce rabies infection in butchers by 62% and 70% in Ghana and Nigeria, respectively. The effect of dog vaccination mitigation could be better enhanced when combined with post-exposure vaccination of butchers, as post-exposure butcher vaccination would prevent infection by 99.9% [ 56 ]. This is in support of the findings of Fahrion et al. [ 39 ], where a combination of post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) and dog vaccination has been identified as a central element of the ‘One Health’ framework for human rabies prevention. Although they are highly effective, accessing and completing PEP regimens in poor and remote communities with insufficient resources remains a challenge [ 66 , 67 ]. Cultural practices and beliefs that contribute to human rabies infections [ 16 , 68 ] require the utmost attention. Understanding local contexts, community engagement and awareness creation rather than the ‘top-down’ transfer of technology could help align rural communities and dog traders with the need to take appropriate precautions to avoid bites and other routes of infections [ 60 ]. The effect of education mitigation in our model suggests that a wide range of stakeholders must be reached with an awareness campaign to effectively control dog-mediated human rabies. For example, the use of PPE is not a common practice among butchers and may be resisted even with legislation. However, appropriate PPE use can reduce infection risk by at least 90% [ 55 ]. An approach where community leaders are employed to disseminate educational materials and appeal to butchers’ drivers and barriers will facilitate the uptake of post-exposure vaccination and general cleanliness of their work environment for risk reduction [ 69 ]. Study limitations Study limitations included a reliance on experts’ opinions where published data were not available for some variables used in the models to include dog import volumes, slaughter volumes and butcher populations. The study assumed that 9% of the butcher population accepts post-exposure prophylaxis and that butchers do not use any form of PPE except their street clothes while butchering. It was also assumed that butchers did not wash out bites or exposed wounds, rates of bites and wound exposures were assumed to be the same for Ghana and Nigeria, butchering rates remained constant throughout the year and that any dose of rabies virus received would cause an infection with an assumed probability on the basis of whether it was a bite or a wound exposure. We understand that the limitations of this study could have affected the final output of our models, especially as it concerns underreporting of the disease, especially among butchers. Conclusions The current study quantified the risk of human rabies among dog butchers in Ghana and Nigeria. The findings of this study showed that the risk of human rabies associated with dog trade and butchery is high in both study locations and much greater when dogs are imported from neighboring countries of Ghana and Nigeria for the purpose of trade and consumption. Ignorance of rabies transmission pathways is one of the risk factors for infection among the study groups, as dog butchers in the study locations handle animals with no known vaccination records and without any safety precautions. The free movement of trade dogs both intra- and transboundary without any restrictions complicates rabies control efforts. In both Ghana and Nigeria, country-specific initiatives that target the dog-meat value chain in addition to regional collaboration for the mass vaccination of dogs, dog movement control and the regulation of the dog trade are requisite steps. Cultural practices that promote dog meat consumption need to be investigated to identify critical points for interventions. Governments in developing countries are obligated to conduct mass vaccination of dogs for disease control. In the absence of optimal dog vaccination coverage that provides herd immunity and prevents disease spillover to humans, vaccination in occupationally exposed or high-risk individuals becomes necessary. Where this is not forthcoming in the interim, the combined use of effective butcher education with enforced and appropriate use of PPE during dog butchering would drastically reduce disease risk among concerned individuals, as suggested by the models in this study. We call on the National Veterinary Research Institute (NVRI) Vom, Nigeria, which has the mandate to produce vaccines for the prevention of animal diseases in-country and possibly for West Africa and Central Africa to rise to the occasion and meaningfully contribute to the control and eventual eradication of rabies in the sub-region, as was done for Rinderpest by the same Institute. We recommend that further studies be conducted on country-specific disease burdens to provide much needed information to guide elimination plans. Review of dog laws, regulation of dog trade, education of dog trading communities and enforcement of appropriate use of PPE are necessary steps toward disease control. The provision of subsidized access to prophylaxis, especially for occupational risk groups in poor peri-urban, remote and rural communities, is essential. We further recommend that African veterinary institutions consider listing rabies as a transboundary disease (TAD) of significant public health and economic importance to promote renewed regional collaborative efforts for disease eradication. Abbreviations PPE Personal protective equipment GARC Global Alliance for Rabies Control MMs Mitigation measure WHO World Health Organization TAD Transboundary Animal Diseases NVRI National Veterinary Research Institute GAVI Global Alliance for Vaccines and Immunization PEP Post-exposure prophylaxis APHIS Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service WOAH World Organization for Animal Health WCA West and Central Africa Declarations Ethics approval and consent to participate Not applicable Consent for publication All authors have given consent for submission of this article for publication Availability of data materials The data for our research were obtained from published reports, live interviews with key informants and experts’ opinions all of which are included in this published article. The R script generated from the data for modeling is available from the corresponding author on reasonable request Competing interests The authors declare no competing interests Funding Work funded by One Risk, a technical assistance program made possible through a contribution from USDA-APHIS (Agreement #: 23-5000-2155-CA), in collaboration with WOAH" Authors’ contributions Conceptualization: Odita Christianah Data curation: Odita Christianah, William Tasiame, Ishaya Tekki Formal analysis: Odita Christianah, David Olatunji, Investigation: Odita Christianah, William Tasiame, Ishaya Tekki, David Olatunji, Clement Meseko Methodology: Odita Christianah, David Olatunji Project administration: Odita Christianah Software: Odita Christianah Supervision: Jane Pouzou, Dan Taylor, Ellen de Jong Validation: Jane Pouzou, Dan Taylor Visualization: Odita Christianah, William Tasiame, Ishaya Tekki, David Olatunji, Clement Meseko Writing original draft: Odita Christianah, William Tasiame, Ishaya Tekki, David Olatujni, Clement Meseko Writing – review and editing: Odita Christianah, William Tasiame, Ishaya Tekki, David Olatunji, Clement Meseko, Jane Pouzou, Dan Taylor, Ellen de Jong. Acknowledgments This manuscript was prepared with support from the United States Department of Agriculture Animal and Plant Inspection Service and the World Organization for Animal Health through the One Risk WCA program. A big thank you to the experts that supported us in the project for capacity building. We equally like to thank the Dog Butchers’ Association in Ghana and Nigeria for cooperating with us. References Hampson K, Coudeville L, Lembo T, Sambo M, Kieffer A, Attlan M, et al. Estimating the Global Burden of Endemic Canine Rabies. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2015; doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0003709 Anna S. Fahrion A, Alexei Mikhailov A, Bernadette, Abela-Ridder A, Jolene Giacinti A, Harries J. Human rabies transmitted by dogs: current status of global data. In: Wkly epidemiol rec 2016. https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/254278/Human rabies transmitted by dogs: current status of global data. Accessed 22 Dec 2024. 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Supplemental table A: Variables, calculations and equations included in the model on the risk of human rabies infection associated with dog-trade in Ghana and Nigeria. Supplemental table B: A checklist of questions used for field survey on the risk of human rabies infection associated with dog-trade in Ghana and Nigeria. Additional file 2: Sensitivity analysis results of effects of input parameters on outcome measures. Figure A.1: Tornado plot showing sensitivity of model parameters – Ghana. Figure A.2: Spider plot showing sensitivity of model parameters – Ghana. Figure B.1: Tornado plot showing sensitivity of model parameters – Nigeria. Figure B.2: Spider plot showing sensitivity of model parameters – Nigeria. 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region\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"1.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-6857675/v1/c66f7850660e82fb5446caa6.png"},{"id":85573436,"identity":"ac3d8bf9-f511-41f2-ba14-9a10cce0842a","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-06-27 17:17:37","extension":"png","order_by":2,"title":"Figure 2","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":70425,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eConceptual model for the risk of human rabies associated with dog trade in West Africa\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"2.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-6857675/v1/5618d26789e885000ff5ca64.png"},{"id":85573897,"identity":"2e8f57b3-df4a-45cb-a3e8-3f1df9f7432a","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-06-27 17:25:37","extension":"png","order_by":3,"title":"Figure 3","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":55602,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDistribution of butcher infections per year; country-specific (a \u0026amp; c) and transboundary dogs inclusive (b \u0026amp; d)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"3.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-6857675/v1/28ea1b959dc27b775a95c300.png"},{"id":85573433,"identity":"7ea89065-9044-4cc7-baef-6e30ff2f35ee","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-06-27 17:17:37","extension":"png","order_by":4,"title":"Figure 4","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":26965,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eEffects of stopping dog import into Ghana (A) and Nigeria (B)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"4.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-6857675/v1/3a6cf8097aad314281841eb6.png"},{"id":85573898,"identity":"faea4fce-ada1-45cf-8291-35ec10e53264","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-06-27 17:25:37","extension":"png","order_by":5,"title":"Figure 5","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":287883,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eEffect of combining butcher education and use of PPE - Ghana (A) \u0026amp; Nigeria (B)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eEffect of combining butcher education and post-exposure vaccination – Ghana (C) \u0026amp; Nigeria (D)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"5.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-6857675/v1/aa243d51f17a639bf87fe815.png"},{"id":93955919,"identity":"22289258-ac9b-4f28-80c1-8d81419b7ef0","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-10-20 16:06:39","extension":"pdf","order_by":0,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":2880341,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"manuscript.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-6857675/v1/9e591c03-4cfa-4b13-a5ef-81303ad2623f.pdf"},{"id":85573439,"identity":"99c1ad70-2c00-4aff-a430-ba4b9ae019f6","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-06-27 17:17:37","extension":"tar","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"supplement","size":77824,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSupplementary information\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAdditional file 1: Table of variables, calculations and equations included in the model and checklist of questions used for field survey on the risk of human rabies infection associated with dog-trade in Ghana and Nigeria. Supplemental table A:\u003cem\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e \u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/em\u003eVariables, calculations and equations included in the model on the risk of human rabies infection associated with dog-trade in Ghana and Nigeria. Supplemental table B: A checklist of questions used for field survey on the risk of human rabies infection associated with dog-trade in Ghana and Nigeria.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAdditional file 2: Sensitivity analysis results of effects of input parameters on outcome measures. Figure A.1: Tornado plot showing sensitivity of model parameters – Ghana. Figure A.2: Spider plot showing sensitivity of model parameters – Ghana. Figure B.1: Tornado plot showing sensitivity of model parameters – Nigeria. Figure B.2: Spider plot showing sensitivity of model parameters – Nigeria.\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"Supplementarydocs.tar","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-6857675/v1/9b3f82cfe3b781013c9aef61.tar"}],"financialInterests":"No competing interests reported.","formattedTitle":"\u003cp\u003eModeling the Risk of Human Rabies Infection Associated with Dog-Trade in West Africa\u003c/p\u003e","fulltext":[{"header":"Background","content":"\u003cp\u003eRabies is preventable but remains endemic and of significant public health importance in Africa and Asia [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR1\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR2\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR3\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e3\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR4\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e4\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR5\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e5\u003c/span\u003e]. The disease is caused by the Lyssavirus genus and can infect a wide range of mammalian species [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR6\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e6\u003c/span\u003e]. Domestic dogs are responsible for transmitting the virus to humans in more than 99% of cases via bites [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR7\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e7\u003c/span\u003e], although transmission through scratches, mucosal contact, and, in some cases, organ transplantation [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR8\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e8\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR9\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e9\u003c/span\u003e] has been documented.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAlthough dogs are not listed as food animals [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR10\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e10\u003c/span\u003e], trade of dogs as a livelihood [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR11\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e11\u003c/span\u003e], for food, especially as a source of protein [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR12\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e12\u003c/span\u003e], medicine, and cultural and ritual purposes is common [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR13\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e13\u003c/span\u003e] in many parts of the world. This practice has been reported in Asia, North America, Europe and Africa [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR14\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e14\u003c/span\u003e]. Countries in Africa where these practices are known to occur include Cameroon, Ghana, Nigeria and a few others in parts of the West African and Central African sub-regions [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR15\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e15\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR16\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e16\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR17\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e17\u003c/span\u003e].\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWithin the West African region, there are multiple dog trade routes. A prominent route is the Ghana\u0026ndash;Burkina Faso\u0026ndash;Togo dog trade axis [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR18\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e18\u003c/span\u003e]. Here, live dogs are transported from Burkina Faso into the Upper Eastern and Western Regions of Ghana, where there is increasing demand due to local consumption. Additionally, within the Ashanti, Eastern and Greater Accra regions, in-country dogs are slaughtered, consumed and/or smuggled into Togo. In Ghana, the dog trade and butchery for consumption is rife in Bolgatanga and other communities in the northern area as a culturally accepted practice. Dog markets are dotted in these communities without regulatory restrictions [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR19\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e19\u003c/span\u003e]. Like many regions in West Africa, most dogs freely roam in communities and may bite and expose their victims to the rabies virus [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR20\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e20\u003c/span\u003e].\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAnother transboundary dog trade route within the West African Region is the Chad\u0026ndash;Cameroon\u0026ndash;Niger\u0026ndash;Nigeria dog trade axis [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR18\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e18\u003c/span\u003e]. Plateau state in North Central Nigeria serves as the central port for dog import from these neighboring countries [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR16\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e16\u003c/span\u003e]. From here, dogs are transported to other parts of the country. A substantial number of dogs are also reared in Nigeria for in-country sale and slaughter purposes [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR11\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e11\u003c/span\u003e]. Identifying the owners of these dogs raised for trade and obtaining evidence of rabies vaccination are usually difficult [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR21\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e21\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR22\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e22\u003c/span\u003e].\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eHuman rabies fatalities have been reported in Ghana and Nigeria. For example, Otolorin et al. [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR23\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e23\u003c/span\u003e], in a 10-year (1980\u0026ndash;2014) review, reported 78 human rabies deaths across 10 states in Nigeria. Similarly, Mshelbwala et al. [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR24\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e24\u003c/span\u003e], in another review (2000\u0026ndash;2019), reported that 80% of 30 studies reporting dog bite incidents in Nigeria recorded human fatalities. In Ghana, Wubonto [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR25\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e25\u003c/span\u003e] reported 77 human rabies deaths in 3 years. Rabies virus has been isolated from several brain samples of dogs slaughtered for human consumption [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR26\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e26\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR27\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e27\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR28\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e28\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR29\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e29\u003c/span\u003e]. The presence of the virus in such dogs constitutes a hazard, as bites may occur during handling and butchering activities [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR21\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e21\u003c/span\u003e]. Given the frequency of bites and the hazardous nature of work, handlers and butchers may be exposed without their knowledge [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR30\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e30\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR31\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e31\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR32\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e32\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR33\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e33\u003c/span\u003e]. Evidence that neutralizing antibodies are not due to pre- or post-exposure vaccination but are possibly indicative of occupational exposure among dog traders and butchers has been shown [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR34\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e34\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR35\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e35\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR36\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e36\u003c/span\u003e].\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe trade and slaughter of dogs for food complicates rabies dynamics at the human‒animal interface within the West African sub-region, especially as large numbers of unvaccinated dogs are moved both intra- and transboundary [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR37\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e37\u003c/span\u003e]. The contribution of these practices to overall disease epidemiology is unknown, making disease elimination efforts a challenge. Poorly defined disease dynamics, inefficient surveillance systems and nonprioritization by decision makers in Western and Central African countries are major obstacles to realizing the global target of \u0026ldquo;Zero Dog-Mediated Human Rabies by 2030\u0026rdquo;, as adopted by the World Health Organization (WHO) and partners [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR5\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e5\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR38\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e38\u003c/span\u003e]. Gross underreporting due to ineffective health information systems in Africa and knowledge gaps concerning the impact of the dog trade and butchery on the rabies burden necessitate the deployment of tools that serve to elucidate the intricacies of the disease situation.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDisease modeling is a useful tool for gaining insight into the details of complex disease systems and identifying key drivers that otherwise may be impossible due to the paucity of verifiable country-specific disease data [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR39\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e39\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR40\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e40\u003c/span\u003e]. Stochastic models, in particular, facilitate the modeling of uncertainty in key disease parameters [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR41\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e41\u003c/span\u003e]. The purpose of this study was to quantify the impact of dog trade and butchery on the overall rabies burden in the West African sub-region in the face of a growing demand for dog meat.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe objectives of this study were (1) to estimate the probability of rabies virus introduction into the dog slaughter environment; (2) to quantify rabies exposure and transmission risk to dog butchers within Ghana and Nigeria; and (3) to evaluate the effectiveness of butcher vaccination (pre- or post-exposure prophylaxis), butcher education, dog vaccination and the use of personal protective equipment (PPE) in risk reduction within the sub-region.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Methods","content":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cem\u003eData source\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eA scoping review of published reports from PubMed, African Journals Online, Google Scholar, ResearchGate and Academia for relevant studies within Ghana, Nigeria and neighboring trade partners (Fig. 1) on rabies prevalence, dog trade, dog-meat consumption and relevant activities around dog markets was conducted from June 2024 to January 2025. Additionally, a rapid appraisal of the activities of butchers was carried out via a semi-structured, open-ended questionnaire (Supplemental Table B) during 3 separate face\u0026ndash;to\u0026ndash;face interviews with key informants in September 2024. The key informants included heads of dog butcher associations in selected dog markets in Ghana and Nigeria, dog traders and handlers. The interviews were used to obtain data on dog importation and slaughter volumes, bite and wound exposures during daily activities, knowledge about rabies and general precautions taken against infection. The experts\u0026rsquo; opinions were obtained via unstructured discussions, which were then combined with the field and literature survey data used in the models. Experts\u0026rsquo; opinions also served as a check against unrealistic values of model parameters, as they were used to modify field survey data such as dog trade volumes, slaughter volumes, butcher population, frequencies of bites and wounds and acceptance of post-exposure vaccination among dog butchers before arriving at the final model parameter values. The experts\u0026nbsp;included\u0026nbsp;veterinarians working within the vicinity of dog markets, dog consumers, traders and veterinary staff working at borders where dogs are imported into Ghana and Nigeria. Overall, 9 experts\u0026rsquo; opinions were sought in the study.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cem\u003eModel overview\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe probability of rabies virus introduction and subsequent transmission during dog butchering was estimated via a stochastic model with three main Monte Carlo simulation steps (Fig. 2). In the first step, two virus introduction pathways were considered: 1) imports of infected dogs from Burkina Faso into Ghana and from Cameroon, Chad and Niger into Nigeria (\u003cem\u003eP\u003c/em\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u003csub\u003einfCB\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/em\u003e); and 2) locally sourced dogs for slaughter within Ghana and Nigeria (\u003cem\u003eP\u003c/em\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u003csub\u003einfIC\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/em\u003e). In the second step, virus exposure during dog butchering was simulated to estimate\u0026nbsp;the probability of rabies exposure through bites (\u003cem\u003eP\u003csub\u003eexp,bite\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/em\u003e), exposure of existing open wounds to infectious material (\u003cem\u003eP\u003c/em\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u003csub\u003eexp,wound\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/em\u003e), and the combined probability of both incidents (\u003cem\u003eP\u003csub\u003eexp,bite\u0026amp;wound\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/em\u003e), which are common occurrences during slaughtering activities. Finally, the joint uncertainty distributions of at least one of these occurrences (\u003cem\u003eP\u003c/em\u003e\u003csub\u003eexp\u003c/sub\u003e) and their respective risks of transmission (\u003cem\u003eP\u003csub\u003etransm,bite\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/em\u003e and \u003cem\u003eP\u003csub\u003etransm,wound\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/em\u003e) were combined with \u003cem\u003eP\u003csub\u003einfIC\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/em\u003e and\u003cem\u003e\u0026nbsp;P\u003csub\u003einfCB\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/em\u003eto simulate the probability of infection during butchering activities per year (\u003cem\u003eP\u003c/em\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u003csub\u003eill,year\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/em\u003e)and therefore the projected number of cases among butchers annually (Fig.\u0026nbsp;2).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThree categories of scenarios were modeled: (1) Baseline scenarios for rabies virus infection risk among butchers in Ghana and Nigeria assuming domestic dogs of local origins only; (2) Transboundary dog-trade-added risk scenario for rabies virus infection among butchers in Ghana and Nigeria; (3) Risk mitigation scenarios including butcher vaccination (pre- or post-exposure prophylaxis), butcher education, dog vaccination and the use of PPE. The model was implemented in R version 4.4.0 [42].\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe primary outcome measure in the model was the number of infected butchers per year resulting from bite, wound, or bite and wound exposure during dog butchering. The secondary outcome measures were the added risk impacts of transboundary dog trade and the effects of various mitigations.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cem\u003eProbability of virus introduction into the dog slaughter environment (\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cem\u003eP\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u003csub\u003einfCB\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u0026nbsp;and P\u003csub\u003einfIC\u003c/sub\u003e)\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eRecords of commercial dog movement were not available, so data obtained from interviews with dog butchers were triangulated with expert opinions to arrive at slaughter volume estimates (Table 1). \u003cem\u003eP\u003c/em\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u003csub\u003einfIC\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/em\u003e\u003csub\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/sub\u003eand\u003csub\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/sub\u003e\u003cem\u003eP\u003c/em\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u003csub\u003einfCB\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/em\u003e were simulated\u0026nbsp;using a beta distribution with an uninformative prior based on Fluorescent Antibody Test sero-prevalence estimates obtained from several studies (Table 1). The probability of virus introduction into the dog slaughter environment from both in-country and transborder dogs was then estimated by combining \u003cem\u003eP\u003c/em\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u003csub\u003einfIC\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/em\u003e\u003csub\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/sub\u003eand\u003csub\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/sub\u003e\u003cem\u003eP\u003c/em\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u003csub\u003einfCB\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/em\u003e\u003csub\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/sub\u003ewith dog trade volumes and export volumes,\u0026nbsp;respectively, as well as\u003csub\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/sub\u003ebaseline dog vaccination status for individual\u0026nbsp;countries\u0026nbsp;to\u0026nbsp;obtain\u0026nbsp;the total number of infected in-country and transborder dogs presented for slaughter \u003cem\u003eEq.\u003c/em\u003e (A.1 \u0026ndash; A.3 \u0026ndash; supplemental Table A).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cem\u003eProbability of virus transmission/exposure during dog butchering (P\u003csub\u003einfection\u003c/sub\u003e)\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe average number of rabid dogs encountered by a butcher in a year was modeled by dividing the total number of infected dogs presented for slaughter by the butcher population. Information regarding the frequency of bite events and wound incursions\u0026nbsp;was obtained from interviews with butchers (Table 1). The rate of bites and the rate of open wound contacts were simulated using gamma distributions, with the number of contacts or bites as the alpha parameter and the length of time to observe those bites as the beta parameter. The product of \u003cem\u003eP\u003c/em\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u003csub\u003einfIC or\u0026nbsp;\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/em\u003e\u003cem\u003eP\u003c/em\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u003csub\u003einfCB\u0026nbsp;\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/em\u003eand the rate of open wound contacts (Rate\u003csub\u003ewound\u003c/sub\u003e) or bites (Rate\u003csub\u003ebite\u003c/sub\u003e) and the probability of transmission from wound contact (InfRisk\u003csub\u003ewound\u003c/sub\u003e) or bite (InfRisk\u003csub\u003ebite\u003c/sub\u003e) estimated from published data as\u003cem\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/em\u003ePert distributions were multiplied to estimate the overall rate of infection through bite or wound within a year of working as a butcher. This rate was used to estimate the Poisson probability of at least one infection per year for a worker through an exposure via a bite (P\u003cem\u003e\u003csub\u003einfection\u0026gt;0,bite\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/em\u003e), or the probability of at least one infection per wound contact (P\u003cem\u003e\u003csub\u003einfection\u0026gt;0,wound\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/em\u003e), or the probability of at least one infection from a wound and bite exposure (P\u003cem\u003e\u003csub\u003einfection\u0026gt;0,wound \u0026amp; bite\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/em\u003e) \u003cem\u003eEq.\u003c/em\u003e (A.4 \u0026ndash; A.5 \u0026ndash; supplemental Table A). The joint probability P\u003cem\u003e\u003csub\u003einfection\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/em\u003e of at least one of either wound or bite infection\u0026nbsp;event was estimated as the sum of P\u003cem\u003e\u003csub\u003einfection\u0026gt;0,bite\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/em\u003e and P\u003cem\u003e\u003csub\u003einfection\u0026gt;0,wound\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/em\u003e, minus the probability of both P\u003cem\u003e\u003csub\u003einfection\u0026gt;0,wound \u0026amp; bite\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/em\u003e Eq. (A.6 \u0026ndash; supplemental table A). The number of butcher infections \u003cem\u003eN\u003csub\u003etotal\u0026nbsp;\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/em\u003ewas then estimated through a binomial process with P\u003cem\u003e\u003csub\u003einfection\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/em\u003e\u003csub\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/sub\u003eand the number of butchers not protected via vaccination to estimate the probability of individual events occurring \u003cem\u003eEq.\u003c/em\u003e (A.7 \u0026ndash; supplemental Table A). According to the experts\u0026rsquo; opinions, 9.0% of the butcher population already sought post-exposure antirabies vaccination, and thus, at least 9.0% of butchers were assumed to seek post-exposure vaccination in all scenarios, with a vaccine efficacy of 99.9%.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cem\u003eMitigation and\u0026nbsp;\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cem\u003escenario\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u0026nbsp;analysis\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe baseline scenarios for Ghana and Nigeria represented country-specific disease situations and butchery activities as currently practiced. These included country-specific disease prevalence, butcher population, dog slaughter volume (Table 1), rate of rabid dog presentation for slaughter and transmission probabilities where no appropriate mitigations are implemented to prevent infections. In the baseline scenarios, it was assumed that butchers wore normal street clothes, did not wash out bites or exposed wounds, did not cover preexisting wounds, and that any dose of rabies virus to which they were exposed caused an infection with an assumed probability on the basis of whether a bite or a wound exposure occurred. It was also assumed that the rates of bites and wounds were the same for Ghana and Nigeria and that slaughter volumes remained constant throughout the year.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe transboundary dog-trade added risk scenario represented additional risk incurred related to the transboundary movement of dogs. This included increases in disease prevalence corresponding to source countries, which led to higher numbers of rabid dogs presented for slaughter with increased risk of bites and wound exposures.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIn the mitigation scenarios, butcher vaccination, butcher education, dog vaccination and the use of PPE were modeled individually. The effects of mitigation measures (MMs) were modeled on\u0026nbsp;the basis of their levels of use and efficacy \u003cem\u003eEq.\u003c/em\u003e (A.8 \u0026ndash; supplemental Table A), where it is assumed that butchers or dogs who did not receive the intervention maintained baseline conditions and\u0026nbsp;that\u0026nbsp;those who did receive the mitigation had reduced vulnerability to transmission. The levels of use represented the proportion of butchers vaccinated, proportion of butchers educated, proportion of butchers using PPE, or proportion of vaccinated\u0026nbsp;dogs. The efficacy represented the proportion of butchers or dogs where the mitigation had its intended effect. Efficacies were gathered from published data (Table 1). Different levels of use were tested via scenario analysis (Table 4) to estimate their impact on the number of cases prevented compared with the baseline. The effectiveness\u003csub\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/sub\u003eof MMs was evaluated in 25% increments of levels of use from 0% - 100% for PPE use and butcher education and 9% - 100% for butcher vaccination. For dog vaccination, levels of use were evaluated from 40% - 100%,\u0026nbsp;with varied dog vaccination baseline levels,\u0026nbsp;which were country dependent.\u0026nbsp;The levels\u0026nbsp;of use and\u0026nbsp;efficacy\u0026nbsp;were assumed to be independent between\u0026nbsp;the\u0026nbsp;MMs (Table 4).\u0026nbsp;The model\u0026nbsp;inputs and data sources are shown in Table 1.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cem\u003eTable 1: Baseline data sources for human rabies infection risk associated with dog\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cem\u003etrade\u0026nbsp;\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u0026ndash; Ghana and Nigeria\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ctable border=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\" width=\"606\" class=\"fr-table-selection-hover\"\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 156px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cem\u003eVARIABLE\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 161px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cem\u003eDESCRIPTION\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 145px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cem\u003eDISTRIBUTION\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 145px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cem\u003eDATA SOURCE\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"6\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 156px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cem\u003ePrevalence of Canine Rabies (PinfIC)\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 161px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eNigeria (12.5%)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"6\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 145px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eBeta\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eBeta\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eBeta\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eBeta\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eBeta\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eBeta\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 145px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMshelbwala et al. \u0026nbsp;[24]\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 161px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eGhana (11.1%)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 145px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTasiame et al. \u0026nbsp;[13]\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTurkson,\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e[43\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e]\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePaul,\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e[44\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e]\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eGuri et al.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e[45\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e]\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eEdward et al.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e[46\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e]\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 161px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCameroon (3.7%)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 145px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePatrick et al.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e[47\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e]\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 161px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eChad (87.8%)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 145px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eKemdongarti et al.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e[48\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e]\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 161px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eNiger (75%)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 145px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eGAVI,\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e[49\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e]\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 161px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eBurkina Faso (40.2%)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 145px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDieudone Tialla,\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e[50\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e]\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 156px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cem\u003eCombined prevalence of Canine Rabies (PinfCB)\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 161px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eNigeria (27.9%)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eGhana (15.2%)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 145px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eWeighted mean\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eWeighted mean\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 145px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDeterministic\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDeterministic\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"6\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 156px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cem\u003eDog vaccination status (\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cem\u003eBdVstatus\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cem\u003e)\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 161px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eNigeria (12.29%)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"6\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 145px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eConstant\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eConstant\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eConstant\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eConstant\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eConstant\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eConstant\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 145px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eGARC\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e[51\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e]\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 161px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eGhana (0.8%)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 145px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e[51]\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 161px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCameroon (0.8%)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 145px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e[51]\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 161px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eChad (0.8%)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 145px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e[51]\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 161px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eNiger (0.8%)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 145px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e[51]\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 161px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eBurkina Faso (8.2%)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 145px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDahourou et al.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e[52\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e]\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 156px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cem\u003eDog vaccination efficacy\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 161px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e88%\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 145px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eConstant\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 145px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eEckman,\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e[53\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e]\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 156px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cem\u003eDog slaughter volume\u0026nbsp;\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cem\u003e(TrVol)\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 161px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;Nigeria (~104,000 per year)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 145px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePoisson\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003epoisson\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 145px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;Interviews/Expert opinions\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 161px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eGhana (~42,000 per year)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 145px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;Interviews/Expert opinions\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"4\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 156px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cem\u003eDog export volume (\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cem\u003eExVol\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u003csub\u003e)\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 161px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCameroon (~3,100 per year)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"4\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 145px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePoisson\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePoisson\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePoisson\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePoisson\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 145px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;Interviews/Expert opinions\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 161px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eChad (~15,600 per year)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 145px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;Interviews/Expert opinions\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 161px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eNiger (~19,500 per year)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 145px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;Interviews/Expert opinions\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 161px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eBurkina Faso (~7,800 per year)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 145px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;Interviews/Expert opinions\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 156px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cem\u003eNumber of dog bites\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 161px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e20 \u0026ndash; 30 bites per month\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 145px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eUniform\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 145px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eButchers/Expert opinion\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 156px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cem\u003eNumber of wound contacts\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 161px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e10 \u0026ndash; 12 times per year\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 145px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eUniform\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 145px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eButchers/Expert opinion\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 156px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cem\u003eInfection Risk from bites (InfRisk\u003csub\u003ebite\u003c/sub\u003e)\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 161px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e0.1%, 15%, 60%\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 145px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003epert\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 145px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eQuinzio \u0026amp; McCarthy,\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e[54\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e]\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 156px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cem\u003eInfection Risk from wounds (InfRisk\u003csub\u003ewound\u003c/sub\u003e)\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 161px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e20%, 40%, 40%\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 145px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003epert\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 145px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAnh et al.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e[\u003cstrong\u003e55\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e]\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 156px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cem\u003eButcher population (But\u003csub\u003epop\u003c/sub\u003e)\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 161px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eNigeria (1,500 \u0026ndash; 2000)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 145px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eUniform\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 145px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eButchers/Expert opinions\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 161px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eGhana (700 \u0026ndash; 1000)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 145px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eButchers/Expert opinions\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 156px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cem\u003ePersonal Protective Equipment use\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 161px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e0%\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 145px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eConstant\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 145px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eInterview/Expert opinion\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 156px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cem\u003ePPE efficacy\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 161px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e90%\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 145px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eConstant\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 145px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eOdetokun et al.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e[\u003cstrong\u003e56\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e]\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 156px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cem\u003ePost-exposure prophylaxis use\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 161px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e9%\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 145px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eConstant\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 145px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eInterview/Expert opinion\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 156px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cem\u003eProphylaxis vaccination efficacy\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 161px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e92.0 (Pre-Exposure)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e99.9% (Post-Exposure)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 145px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eConstant\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eConstant\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 145px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;Denis et al.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e[57\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e]\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 156px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cem\u003eButcher education efficacy\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 161px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e80%\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 145px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eConstant\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 145px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eHasanov et al.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e \u003cstrong\u003e[58\u003c/strong\u003e]\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n\u003c/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cem\u003eSensitivity analysis\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eA conditional means sensitivity analysis on the effects of input parameters on the outcome of the number of infections was carried out for the baseline cases in both countries. The input variables that were examined for association with output uncertainty within the 95\u003csup\u003eth\u003c/sup\u003e percentile range were the butcher population size\u0026nbsp;(\u003cstrong\u003eBut\u003csub\u003ePop\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e), rate of bites (\u003cstrong\u003eRate\u003csub\u003ebite\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e), rate of wounds (\u003cstrong\u003eRate\u003csub\u003ewound\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e), probability of being bitten at least once (\u003cstrong\u003eP\u003csub\u003e\u0026nbsp;infection\u0026gt;0, bite\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e), probability of being wounded at least once (\u003cstrong\u003eP\u003csub\u003e\u0026nbsp;infection\u0026gt;0,wound\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e), risk of infection via bite\u0026nbsp;\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cem\u003e(InfRisk\u003csub\u003ebite\u003c/sub\u003e)\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cem\u003e,\u003c/em\u003e risk of infection via wound\u0026nbsp;\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cem\u003e(InfRisk\u003csub\u003ewound\u003c/sub\u003e)\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cem\u003e,\u003c/em\u003e and prevalence of rabies in\u0026nbsp;the\u0026nbsp;dog population\u0026nbsp;\u003cstrong\u003e(\u003cem\u003ePinfIC\u003c/em\u003e or \u003cem\u003ePinfCB\u003c/em\u003e)\u003c/strong\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Results","content":"\u003cdiv id=\"Sec10\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e\n \u003ch2\u003eProbability of virus introduction\u003c/h2\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eIn the baseline scenario, the mean probabilities of rabid dog presentation during the slaughter of in-country dogs in Ghana and Nigeria were 11.1% and 12.5%, respectively. With the inclusion of transborder dogs from Burkina Faso into Ghana, this figure was 15.2% (95% CI: 13.7% \u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;16.8%) (Table \u003cspan class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e). Similarly, the inclusion of transborder dogs from Chad, Cameroon and Niger into Nigeria increased the mean probability of rabid dog presentation to 27.9% (95% CI: 24.3% \u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;30.7%) (Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003ctable id=\"Tab2\" border=\"1\"\u003e\n \u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 2\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eEffects of dog trade and butchering on rabies transmission risk in Ghana and Nigeria\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/caption\u003e\n \u003ccolgroup cols=\"5\"\u003e\u003c/colgroup\u003e\n \u003cthead\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eProbability events\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eGhana\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNigeria\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/thead\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eBaseline values\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMean probability per yr (%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eEffect of trade\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eBaseline values\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eEffect of trade\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eRabid dog presentation\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e11.1%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e15.2%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e12.5%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e27.9%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(9.3\u0026ndash;12.9)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(13.7\u0026ndash;16.8)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(11.6\u0026ndash;13.3)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(24.3\u0026ndash;30.7)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eP\u003csub\u003einfection\u0026gt;0,bite\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.8%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.3%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.9%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.3%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(0.1\u0026ndash;2.1)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(0.2\u0026ndash;3.4)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(0.1\u0026ndash;2.5)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(0.5\u0026ndash;8.1)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eP \u003csub\u003einfection\u0026gt;0, wound\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.05%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.08%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.1%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.2%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(0.02\u0026ndash;0.1)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(0.03\u0026ndash;0.2)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(0.03\u0026ndash;0.1)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(0.1\u0026ndash;0.4)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n \u003c/table\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv id=\"Sec11\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e\n \u003ch2\u003eProbability of virus transmission\u003c/h2\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eThe mean probabilities of virus transmission via bites (P \u003csub\u003einfection\u0026gt;0, bite\u003c/sub\u003e) and wounds (P \u003csub\u003einfection\u0026gt;0, wound\u003c/sub\u003e) exposure during butchering of in-country dogs from Ghana were 0.8% (95% CI: 0.1% \u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;2.1%) and 0.05% (95% CI: 0.02% \u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;0.1%), respectively. With the inclusion of transborder dogs, however, the mean P \u003csub\u003einfection\u0026gt;0,bite\u003c/sub\u003e was 1.3% (95% CI: 0.2% \u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;3.4%), whereas P \u003csub\u003einfection\u0026gt;0,wound\u003c/sub\u003e was 0.08% (95% CI: 0.03% \u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;0.2%) (Table \u003cspan class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eIn Nigeria, the mean P \u003csub\u003einfection\u0026gt;0,bite\u003c/sub\u003e during butchering of in-country dogs was 0.9% (95% CI: 0.1% \u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;2.5%). The mean P \u003csub\u003einfection\u0026gt;0,wound\u003c/sub\u003e was 0.1% (95% CI: 0.03% \u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;0.1%). Mean P \u003csub\u003einfection\u0026gt;0,bite\u003c/sub\u003e and P \u003csub\u003einfection\u0026gt;0,wound\u003c/sub\u003e with the inclusion of transborder dogs were 3.3% (95% CI: 0.5% \u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;8.1%) and 0.2% (95% CI: 0.1% \u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;0.4%), respectively (Table \u003cspan class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv id=\"Sec12\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e\n \u003ch2\u003eAnnual butcher infection\u003c/h2\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eIn Ghana, the mean number of butcher infections from at least one independent bite (\u003cstrong\u003eN\u003c/strong\u003e\u003csub\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ebite\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/sub\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e)\u003c/strong\u003e, wound exposure \u003cem\u003e(\u003c/em\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eN\u003c/strong\u003e\u003csub\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ewound\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/sub\u003e\u003cem\u003e)\u003c/em\u003e, and bites and wound exposure (\u003cstrong\u003eN\u003c/strong\u003e\u003csub\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ebite\u0026amp;wound\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/sub\u003e) when in-country dogs are slaughtered are 6 (95% CI: 0\u0026ndash;17), 0.4 (95% CI: 0\u0026ndash;2) and 0.003 (95% CI: 0\u0026ndash;0), respectively. The total mean number of butcher infections per year (\u003cstrong\u003eN\u003c/strong\u003e\u003csub\u003e\u003cstrong\u003etotal\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/sub\u003e) was 6.5 (95% CI: 0\u0026ndash;18), with an estimated 7.7 cases per 1,000 butchers (Table \u003cspan class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e3\u003c/span\u003e; Fig. 3a). When transborder dogs from Burkina Faso are slaughtered, \u003cstrong\u003eN\u003c/strong\u003e\u003csub\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ebite\u003c/strong\u003e,\u003c/sub\u003e \u003cstrong\u003eN\u003c/strong\u003e\u003csub\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ewound\u003c/strong\u003e,\u003c/sub\u003e \u003cstrong\u003eN\u003c/strong\u003e\u003csub\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ebite\u0026amp;wound\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/sub\u003e among butchers are 10 (95% CI: 1\u0026ndash;26), 0.6 (95% CI: 0\u0026ndash;3) and 0.01 (95% CI: 0\u0026ndash;0), respectively, with an N\u003csub\u003etotal\u003c/sub\u003e of 10.8 (95% CI: 1\u0026ndash;28). A total of 12.7 cases are estimated per 1,000 butchers due to transboundary trade in dogs (Table \u003cspan class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e3\u003c/span\u003e; Fig. 3b).\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003ctable id=\"Tab3\" border=\"1\"\u003e\n \u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 3\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eEffects of dog trade and butchery on rabies risk among butchers in Ghana and Nigeria\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/caption\u003e\n \u003ccolgroup cols=\"5\"\u003e\u003c/colgroup\u003e\n \u003cthead\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eExposure route for cases\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eGhana\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNigeria\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/thead\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eBaseline\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ecases\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCases with transboundary trade\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eBaseline cases\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCases with transboundary trade\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eN\u003c/em\u003e\u003csub\u003ebite\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6 (0\u0026ndash;17)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e10 (1\u0026ndash;26)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e16.5 (1\u0026ndash;40)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e52.7 (2-129)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eN\u003c/em\u003e\u003csub\u003e\u003cem\u003ewound\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.4 (0\u0026ndash;1)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.6 (0\u0026ndash;3)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.9 (0\u0026ndash;3)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.3 (0\u0026ndash;8)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eN\u003c/em\u003e\u003csub\u003e\u003cem\u003ebite\u0026amp;wound\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.003 (0\u0026ndash;0)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.01 (0\u0026ndash;0)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.01(0\u0026ndash;0)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.1(0\u0026ndash;1)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eN\u003c/em\u003e\u003csub\u003e\u003cem\u003etotal\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6.5 (0\u0026ndash;18)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e10.8 (1\u0026ndash;28)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e16.5 (2\u0026ndash;41)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e55.8 (9\u0026ndash;131)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n \u003ctfoot\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"5\"\u003e\u003csub\u003e\u003cspan type=\"BoldUnderline\" class=\"BoldUnderline\" name=\"Emphasis\"\u003eKEY\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"5\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eN\u003c/em\u003e\u003csub\u003e\u003cem\u003ebite\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/sub\u003e = Number of butcher infections per year resulting from bite exposure\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tfoot\u003e\n \u003c/table\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eN\u003c/em\u003e \u003csub\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003cem\u003ewound\u003c/em\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/sub\u003e = Number of butcher infections per year resulting from wound exposure\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eN\u003c/em\u003e \u003csub\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003cem\u003ebite\u0026amp;wound\u003c/em\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/sub\u003e= Number of butcher infections per year resulting from bite and wound exposure\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eN\u003c/em\u003e \u003csub\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003cem\u003etotal\u003c/em\u003e=\u003c/sub\u003e Total number of butcher infection per year\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eIn Nigeria, with the slaughter of in-country dogs, \u003cstrong\u003eN\u003c/strong\u003e\u003csub\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ebite\u003c/strong\u003e,\u003c/sub\u003e \u003cstrong\u003eN\u003c/strong\u003e\u003csub\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ewound\u003c/strong\u003e \u003cstrong\u003eand\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/sub\u003e \u003cstrong\u003eN\u003c/strong\u003e\u003csub\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ebite\u0026amp;wound\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/sub\u003e were 16.5 (95% CI: 1\u0026ndash;40), 0.9 (95% CI: 0\u0026ndash;3) and 0.01 (95% CI: 0\u0026ndash;0), respectively. \u003cstrong\u003eN\u003c/strong\u003e\u003csub\u003e\u003cstrong\u003etotal\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/sub\u003e was 16.5 (95% CI: 2\u0026ndash;41), with an estimated 9 cases per 1,000 butchers (Table \u003cspan class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e3\u003c/span\u003e; Fig. 3c). When transborder dogs from Chad, Cameroon and Niger were included in the slaughter, \u003cstrong\u003eN\u003c/strong\u003e\u003csub\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ebite\u003c/strong\u003e,\u003c/sub\u003e \u003cstrong\u003eN\u003c/strong\u003e\u003csub\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ewound\u003c/strong\u003e \u003cstrong\u003eand\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/sub\u003e \u003cstrong\u003eN\u003c/strong\u003e\u003csub\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ebite\u0026amp;wound\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/sub\u003e were 52.7 (95% CI: 7\u0026ndash;129), 3.3 (95% CI: 0\u0026ndash;8) and 0.1 (95% CI: 0\u0026ndash;1), respectively. \u003cstrong\u003eN\u003c/strong\u003e\u003csub\u003e\u003cstrong\u003etotal\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/sub\u003e resulting from transboundary dog trade was 55.8 (95% CI: 9\u0026ndash;131) and 31.9 cases per 1,000 butchers, respectively (Table \u003cspan class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e3\u003c/span\u003e; Fig. 3d).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv id=\"Sec15\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e\n \u003ch2\u003eMitigation Scenarios\u003c/h2\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eThe introduction of PPE as a mitigation at the maximal level of implementation in Ghana and Nigeria decreased baseline \u003cem\u003eN\u003c/em\u003e\u003csub\u003e\u003cstrong\u003etotal\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/sub\u003e by more than 90% of estimated cases from this occupation (Table \u003cspan class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e4\u003c/span\u003e). Similarly, butcher pre-exposure vaccination in both countries reduced the baseline \u003cem\u003eN\u003c/em\u003e\u003csub\u003e\u003cstrong\u003etotal\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/sub\u003e maximally by more than 90% of the estimated cases, whereas butcher post-exposure vaccination reduced the estimated cases by 100%. Optimal dog vaccination at 70% decreased the baseline \u003cem\u003eN\u003c/em\u003e\u003csub\u003e\u003cstrong\u003etotal\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/sub\u003e in Ghana and Nigeria by 62% and 70%, respectively (Table \u003cspan class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e4\u003c/span\u003e). Stoppage of dog import into Ghana and Nigeria for slaughter and consumption decreased annual cases by an average of 4.2 (95% CI: -17\u0026ndash;6) with a confidence of 73.8%, and 40 (95% CI: -97\u0026ndash; -6) with a confidence of 99.8%, respectively (Fig. \u003cspan class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e4\u003c/span\u003eA\u0026amp; B).\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eA combination of butcher education at 30%, 50%, 70% and 100% increment levels with the use of PPE (Fig. \u003cspan class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e5\u003c/span\u003eA \u0026amp; \u003cem\u003eB)\u003c/em\u003e and with post-exposure butcher vaccination \u003cem\u003e(\u003c/em\u003eFig. \u003cspan class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e5\u003c/span\u003eC \u003cem\u003e\u0026amp; D\u003c/em\u003e) at 25% increment levels decreased baseline infections by more cases at each level of combination compared with single use of each mitigation\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eThe sensitivity analysis revealed that butcher infection related to dog trade and dog butchery is most heavily influenced by the probability of bite and consequent infection risk via at least one bite during the year in both countries (Fig. A \u0026amp; B in the supplemental material). In the simulation for Ghana, the next most influential parameters for total case uncertainty are the prevalence of rabies in dogs from Ghana and the number of butchers (Fig. A.1 \u0026amp; A.2 in the supplemental material). In contrast, the Nigeria simulation is more influenced by uncertainty in the wound-related parameters than the prevalence in dogs or the number of butchers, for which there are more data available and thus less uncertainty relative to Ghana (Fig. B.1 \u0026amp; B.2 in the supplemental material).\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cimg 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\" width=\"746\" height=\"362\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e"},{"header":"Discussion","content":"\u003cp\u003eThe current study suggests that the probability of handling rabid dogs during butchering activities is high but much greater with the inclusion of transborder dogs in the butchery process (11.1\u0026ndash;15.2% and 12.5\u0026ndash;27.9%) compared with the baseline slaughter volume. As a result, the probability of exposure through bites by rabid dogs and virus transmission resulting in butcher infection is much greater (0.8\u0026ndash;1.3% and 0.9\u0026ndash;3.3%) for Ghana and Nigeria, respectively. We hypothesize that this increase may be attributed to the higher prevalence of canine rabies in dogs from neighboring countries.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe risk of human rabies related to dog trade and dog butchery is a worrisome development. The annual number of butcher infections in this study is likely underreported, especially as model parameters may not be the true picture of the field situation. This analysis suggests that risks from bites among butchers are particularly important for better estimating the number of cases with less uncertainty. Data on introduction through wounds and through mucosal exposures are also potentially important routes of exposure that are not well studied. Official reports of the Global Alliance for Rabies Control [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR51\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e51\u003c/span\u003e] estimate annual human rabies deaths at 112 and 1,637 for Ghana and Nigeria, respectively, although not due to dog trade and butchery alone. To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first to quantify annual rabies infections among dog butchers. Our model estimates suggest that for Ghana, 1\u0026ndash;28 cases and for Nigeria, 9\u0026ndash;131 cases of total human fatalities reported by the GARC [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR51\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e51\u003c/span\u003e] could be due to exposures of butchers alone, which does not capture the cases attributable to handling the dogs before slaughter and thus likely underestimates the number of cases and deaths directly resulting from this trade.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDespite associated health risks, the practice of dog trading for the purpose of livelihood and human consumption is increasing [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR31\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e31\u003c/span\u003e]. The apparent demand for dog meat has resulted in increased transboundary movements of trade dogs, possibly evidenced by the antigenic relatedness of rabies virus isolates from Nigeria with those from Niger, Chad and Cameroon [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR58\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e58\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR31\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e31\u003c/span\u003e]; Burkina Faso with those from Mauritania [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR59\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e59\u003c/span\u003e]; and Vietnam with those from China [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR32\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e32\u003c/span\u003e]. Similarly, Akinsulie et al. [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR60\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e60\u003c/span\u003e] reported the antigenic relatedness of rabies virus isolates from several African countries. Evidence of such antigenic relatedness of virus strains in many regions suggests similar situations for Ghana and its neighboring countries. These developments are a testament to the significant role of dog trade in the transboundary movements of dogs and hence the spread of different viral strains. Moreover, socio-cultural practices involving the handling of rabid animals continue to facilitate disease transmission and exposure [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR61\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e61\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR62\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e62\u003c/span\u003e].\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDog markets where transborder dogs usually congregate play crucial roles in the transmission and spread of zoonotic diseases [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR23\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e23\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR12\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e12\u003c/span\u003e]. Trade dogs, which are usually stray and without any known vaccination records, may be a source of infection for handlers since such dogs are transported freely both transborder and intra-border where they can be exchanged for goods and traditional medicines in the barter trade [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR37\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e37\u003c/span\u003e]. At the Ghana border with Burkina Faso, where the same tribesmen live in both countries, dogs are freely moved on bicycles, tricycles and feet from Burkina Faso into Ghana for sale and consumption.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFurthermore, ineffective and obsolete dog laws permit the free movement of unvaccinated dogs [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR63\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e63\u003c/span\u003e]. For example, nomad herdsmen enter Ghana with dogs, which are also traded as they multiply since these nomads are mostly of the Islam religion and do not consume dog meat. The inability of governments in developing countries to conduct mass vaccination of dogs and provide subsidized prophylaxis access to occupational risk groups owing to dwindling resources and a lack of commitment [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR64\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e64\u003c/span\u003e] are major obstacles to rabies control in developing countries.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDog traders and butchers are frequently oblivious to their exposure risk to the rabies virus from trade-dogs, especially as they work without taking any safety precautions [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR65\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e65\u003c/span\u003e]. Sometimes, traders and butchers experience bites and scratches from such dogs, but they do not take appropriate post-exposure prophylaxis [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR65\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e65\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR33\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e33\u003c/span\u003e]. The results of the current study suggest that the probability of bites and consequent infection risk are the most important drivers of disease among the butcher population. Dog trade and butchery may be major reasons why rabies remains endemic in Africa and Asia.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eA high prevalence of canine rabies in countries neighboring Ghana and Nigeria increased the estimated risk of butcher infection in this study. This is because unrestricted transboundary movements of trade-dogs result in a constant influx of dogs, which counters national dog vaccination efforts. Suboptimal dog vaccination coverage related to the high turnover rate of dogs intended for slaughter is a challenge to attaining herd immunity in canines. Our models suggest that 70% coverage of the dog population would reduce rabies infection in butchers by 62% and 70% in Ghana and Nigeria, respectively. The effect of dog vaccination mitigation could be better enhanced when combined with post-exposure vaccination of butchers, as post-exposure butcher vaccination would prevent infection by 99.9% [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR56\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e56\u003c/span\u003e]. This is in support of the findings of Fahrion et al. [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR39\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e39\u003c/span\u003e], where a combination of post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) and dog vaccination has been identified as a central element of the \u0026lsquo;One Health\u0026rsquo; framework for human rabies prevention. Although they are highly effective, accessing and completing PEP regimens in poor and remote communities with insufficient resources remains a challenge [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR66\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e66\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR67\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e67\u003c/span\u003e].\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCultural practices and beliefs that contribute to human rabies infections [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR16\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e16\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR68\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e68\u003c/span\u003e] require the utmost attention. Understanding local contexts, community engagement and awareness creation rather than the \u0026lsquo;top-down\u0026rsquo; transfer of technology could help align rural communities and dog traders with the need to take appropriate precautions to avoid bites and other routes of infections [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR60\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e60\u003c/span\u003e]. The effect of education mitigation in our model suggests that a wide range of stakeholders must be reached with an awareness campaign to effectively control dog-mediated human rabies. For example, the use of PPE is not a common practice among butchers and may be resisted even with legislation. However, appropriate PPE use can reduce infection risk by at least 90% [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR55\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e55\u003c/span\u003e]. An approach where community leaders are employed to disseminate educational materials and appeal to butchers\u0026rsquo; drivers and barriers will facilitate the uptake of post-exposure vaccination and general cleanliness of their work environment for risk reduction [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR69\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e69\u003c/span\u003e].\u003c/p\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec17\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003eStudy limitations\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eStudy limitations included a reliance on experts\u0026rsquo; opinions where published data were not available for some variables used in the models to include dog import volumes, slaughter volumes and butcher populations. The study assumed that 9% of the butcher population accepts post-exposure prophylaxis and that butchers do not use any form of PPE except their street clothes while butchering. It was also assumed that butchers did not wash out bites or exposed wounds, rates of bites and wound exposures were assumed to be the same for Ghana and Nigeria, butchering rates remained constant throughout the year and that any dose of rabies virus received would cause an infection with an assumed probability on the basis of whether it was a bite or a wound exposure. We understand that the limitations of this study could have affected the final output of our models, especially as it concerns underreporting of the disease, especially among butchers.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e"},{"header":"Conclusions","content":"\u003cp\u003eThe current study quantified the risk of human rabies among dog butchers in Ghana and Nigeria. The findings of this study showed that the risk of human rabies associated with dog trade and butchery is high in both study locations and much greater when dogs are imported from neighboring countries of Ghana and Nigeria for the purpose of trade and consumption. Ignorance of rabies transmission pathways is one of the risk factors for infection among the study groups, as dog butchers in the study locations handle animals with no known vaccination records and without any safety precautions. The free movement of trade dogs both intra- and transboundary without any restrictions complicates rabies control efforts. In both Ghana and Nigeria, country-specific initiatives that target the dog-meat value chain in addition to regional collaboration for the mass vaccination of dogs, dog movement control and the regulation of the dog trade are requisite steps. Cultural practices that promote dog meat consumption need to be investigated to identify critical points for interventions.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eGovernments in developing countries are obligated to conduct mass vaccination of dogs for disease control. In the absence of optimal dog vaccination coverage that provides herd immunity and prevents disease spillover to humans, vaccination in occupationally exposed or high-risk individuals becomes necessary. Where this is not forthcoming in the interim, the combined use of effective butcher education with enforced and appropriate use of PPE during dog butchering would drastically reduce disease risk among concerned individuals, as suggested by the models in this study.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWe call on the National Veterinary Research Institute (NVRI) Vom, Nigeria, which has the mandate to produce vaccines for the prevention of animal diseases in-country and possibly for West Africa and Central Africa to rise to the occasion and meaningfully contribute to the control and eventual eradication of rabies in the sub-region, as was done for Rinderpest by the same Institute.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWe recommend that further studies be conducted on country-specific disease burdens to provide much needed information to guide elimination plans. Review of dog laws, regulation of dog trade, education of dog trading communities and enforcement of appropriate use of PPE are necessary steps toward disease control. The provision of subsidized access to prophylaxis, especially for occupational risk groups in poor peri-urban, remote and rural communities, is essential.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWe further recommend that African veterinary institutions consider listing rabies as a transboundary disease (TAD) of significant public health and economic importance to promote renewed regional collaborative efforts for disease eradication.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Abbreviations","content":"\u003cp\u003ePPE \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; Personal protective equipment\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eGARC \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; Global Alliance for Rabies Control\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMMs \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; Mitigation measure\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWHO \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; World Health Organization\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eTAD \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; Transboundary Animal Diseases\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eNVRI \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; National Veterinary Research Institute\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eGAVI \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; Global Alliance for Vaccines and Immunization\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePEP \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; Post-exposure prophylaxis\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAPHIS Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWOAH World Organization for Animal Health\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWCA West and Central Africa\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Declarations","content":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eEthics approval and consent to participate\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eNot applicable\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eConsent for publication\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAll authors have given consent for submission of this article for publication\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAvailability of data materials\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe data for our research were obtained from published reports, live interviews with key informants and experts’ opinions all of which are included in this published article. The R script generated from the data for modeling is available from the corresponding author on reasonable request\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCompeting interests\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe authors declare no competing interests\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eFunding\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWork funded by One Risk, a technical assistance program made possible through a contribution from USDA-APHIS (Agreement #: \u0026nbsp;23-5000-2155-CA), in collaboration with WOAH\"\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAuthors’ contributions\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eConceptualization:\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003eOdita Christianah\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eData curation:\u003c/strong\u003e Odita Christianah, William Tasiame, Ishaya Tekki\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eFormal analysis:\u003c/strong\u003e Odita Christianah, David Olatunji,\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eInvestigation:\u003c/strong\u003e Odita Christianah, William Tasiame, Ishaya Tekki, David Olatunji, Clement Meseko\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMethodology:\u003c/strong\u003e Odita Christianah, David Olatunji\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eProject administration:\u003c/strong\u003e Odita Christianah\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSoftware:\u003c/strong\u003e Odita Christianah\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSupervision:\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003eJane Pouzou, Dan Taylor, Ellen de Jong\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eValidation:\u003c/strong\u003e Jane Pouzou, Dan Taylor\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eVisualization:\u003c/strong\u003e Odita Christianah, William Tasiame, Ishaya Tekki, David Olatunji, Clement Meseko\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eWriting original draft:\u003c/strong\u003e Odita Christianah, William Tasiame, Ishaya Tekki, David Olatujni, Clement Meseko\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eWriting – review and editing:\u003c/strong\u003e Odita Christianah, William Tasiame, Ishaya Tekki, David Olatunji, Clement Meseko, Jane Pouzou, Dan Taylor, Ellen de Jong.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAcknowledgments\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThis manuscript was prepared with support from the United States Department of Agriculture Animal and Plant Inspection Service and the World Organization for Animal Health through the One Risk WCA program.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eA big thank you to the experts that supported us in the project for capacity building.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWe equally like to thank the Dog Butchers’ Association in Ghana and Nigeria for cooperating with us.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"References","content":"\u003col\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eHampson K, Coudeville L, Lembo T, Sambo M, Kieffer A, Attlan M, et al. 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Vet Med Sci. 2023;doi.org/10.1002/vms3.1282 \u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eDsane-Aidoo PH, Sarpong K, Odei E, Senya K, Kuffour AB, Andoh PK, et al. Outbreak of Rabies among Humans, Dogs and Livestock, Awutu-Senya East Municipality, Ghana, 2019. Journal of Interventional Epidemiology and Public Health. 2022; https://doi.org/10.37432/jieph.2022.5.2.57\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eGuri BZ. Evaluation of animal rabies surveillance system, Sunyani West District- Ghana, 2019. J Interv Epidemiol Public Heal. 2023; https://doi.org/10.37432/jieph.2023.6.3.86 \u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eEdward FD, Osei-Tutu A, Gbeddy K, Quist C. A retrospective study of rabies cases at Techiman Municipal, Ghana, 2009 \u0026ndash; 2012. Int J Infect Dis. 2014; https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijid.2014.03.795\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eFreddy Patrick NOB, Julius AN, Jean-Pierre MK, Moctar MMM. Rabies incidence and burden in three cities of Cameroon (2004\u0026ndash;2013). 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The role of dog markets in the spread of rabies in Enugu State, South-Eastern Nigeria. Epizoot Anim Heal West Africa. 2018;5:35\u0026ndash;42.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eHampson K, Dobson A, Kaare M, Dushoff J, Magoto M, Sindoya E, et al. Rabies exposures, post-exposure prophylaxis and deaths in a region of endemic canine rabies. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2008; doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0000339 \u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSambo M, Cleaveland S, Ferguson H, Lembo T, Simon C, Urassa H, et al. The Burden of Rabies in Tanzania and Its Impact on Local Communities. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2013;doi.org/101371/JOURNAL.PNTD.0003310 \u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eNadal D, Hampson K, Lembo T, Rodrigues R, Vanak AT, Cleaveland S. Where Rabies Is Not a Disease. Bridging Healthworlds to Improve Mutual Understanding and Prevention of Rabies. Front Vet Sci. 2022; doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2022.867266 \u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eFerrari A, Bacco M, Gaber K, Jedlitschka A, Hess S, Kaipainen J, et al. Drivers, barriers and impacts of digitalisation in rural areas from the viewpoint of experts. Inf Softw Technol. 2022;doi.org/10.1016/j.infsof.2021.106816\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ol\u003e"}],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":true,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":false,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":true,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":false,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":false,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"one-health-outlook","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"oneh","sideBox":"Learn more about [One Health Outlook](https://onehealthoutlook.biomedcentral.com)","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"https://www.editorialmanager.com/oneh/default.aspx","title":"One Health Outlook","twitterHandle":"@BioMedCentral","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":true,"editorialSystem":"em","reportingPortfolio":"BMC/SO AJ","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"Infection, rabies, dog-trade, transboundary, dog-butchers","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-6857675/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-6857675/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eBackground:\u003c/strong\u003e The practice of dog trade and butchery for human consumption is documented in some countries in Africa. Increasing demands for the dog meat has resulted in increased transboundary movements of trade-dogs, which creates opportunities for the potential transmission of rabies. This study estimated the probability of rabies virus introduction into the dog slaughter environment, exposure among dog butchers, and the effectiveness of risk mitigation measures in Ghana and Nigeria.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMethods:\u003c/strong\u003e We developed Quantitative Risk Analysis models for Ghana and Nigeria due to active within-country and transborder dog trade in both countries. The models quantified the risk of acquiring rabies among dog butchers in these countries and evaluated risk mitigation options, including butchers’ vaccination, education, use of personal protective equipment (PPE), and dog vaccination. The models were parameterized based on data from published reports on activities related to dog trade and butchery and live interviews with butchers in selected dog markets. Experts’ opinions were used for data triangulation, and sensitivity analysis was performed for variables in the models.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eResults:\u003c/strong\u003e Encounters with rabid dogs was much higher with the inclusion of transboundary dogs compared to in-country dogs only. This increased the probability estimates of rabies infection among butchers by 66.2% (6.5 to 10.8/850 butchers/yr) and 238.2% (16.5 to 55.8/1,750 butchers/yr) in Ghana and Nigeria, respectively. The probability of bite and consequent infection risk were key drivers of uncertainty in the models. Vaccination of 70% of the dog population as recommended by the World Health Organization could reduce butcher infections by 62% and 70% in Ghana and Nigeria, respectively. In comparison, appropriate post-exposure vaccination of butchers would reduce infections by 100% in both countries. Where optimal dog vaccination and subsidized butcher vaccination are nonexistent due to cost and other logistics, continuous butcher education combined with enforced use of PPE could drastically reduce exposure risk.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eConclusion: \u003c/strong\u003eAwareness creation on the importance of dog trade and butchering as potential occupational risk factors for rabies transmission, and regulation of dog trade in affected countries are critical for the realization of the Global target of “Zero Dog-Mediated Human Rabies by 2030”.\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"Modeling the Risk of Human Rabies Infection Associated with Dog-Trade in West Africa","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2025-06-27 17:17:32","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-6857675/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0},{"type":"decision","content":"Revision requested","date":"2025-08-04T07:13:32+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvitedReview","content":"","date":"2025-07-04T09:51:59+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvitedReview","content":"","date":"2025-06-30T11:30:59+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"100719904590709981672487682300204273762","date":"2025-06-30T10:25:26+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"149304287279364815855226817196428996863","date":"2025-06-27T08:51:01+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"183756825014111772437237205358676691273","date":"2025-06-26T08:36:04+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"173098571710449696242294148297044588099","date":"2025-06-25T09:53:45+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"181353076602654188111762828037666698898","date":"2025-06-25T07:01:04+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewersInvited","content":"","date":"2025-06-25T04:31:58+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorAssigned","content":"","date":"2025-06-17T10:01:53+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"checksComplete","content":"","date":"2025-06-17T02:31:54+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"submitted","content":"One Health Outlook","date":"2025-06-09T23:16:17+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"one-health-outlook","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"oneh","sideBox":"Learn more about [One Health Outlook](https://onehealthoutlook.biomedcentral.com)","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"https://www.editorialmanager.com/oneh/default.aspx","title":"One Health Outlook","twitterHandle":"@BioMedCentral","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":true,"editorialSystem":"em","reportingPortfolio":"BMC/SO AJ","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"e10a7b4d-29a9-44bb-ac5f-f047a738cf1c","owner":[],"postedDate":"June 27th, 2025","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"published-in-journal","subjectAreas":[],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2025-10-20T15:59:52+00:00","versionOfRecord":{"articleIdentity":"rs-6857675","link":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s42522-025-00169-1","journal":{"identity":"one-health-outlook","isVorOnly":false,"title":"One Health Outlook"},"publishedOn":"2025-10-16 15:57:07","publishedOnDateReadable":"October 16th, 2025"},"versionCreatedAt":"2025-06-27 17:17:32","video":"","vorDoi":"10.1186/s42522-025-00169-1","vorDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s42522-025-00169-1","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-6857675","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-6857675","identity":"rs-6857675","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"8U1c8b4HqxoKbykW_rLl7","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}