Metals Incorporated Agricultural Waste Corn Cob-based Biochar Used as An Adsorbent for CO2 Capturing

Metals Incorporated Agricultural Waste Corn Cob-based Biochar Used as An Adsorbent for CO2 Capturing | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Article Metals Incorporated Agricultural Waste Corn Cob-based Biochar Used as An Adsorbent for CO 2 Capturing Shajuyan Ahmed, Delwar Hossain, Sharmin Sultana Dipti, Md. Anwarul Karim, and 1 more This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-7059293/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Published Journal Publication published 07 Dec, 2025 Read the published version in Scientific Reports → Version 1 posted 14 You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract This research aims to use the agricultural waste corn cob-based biochar CO 2 adsorption capacity by incorporating Magnesium and Sodium metals into its structure. The corn cob was pyrolyzed at a temperature of 900°C to create biochar for this purpose. The biochar had a higher microporosity fraction and a large specific surface area when impregnated with metal with heat treatment under N 2 . The biochar was characterized by pore volume (25%), specific surface area (346.2 m 2 /g), average particle size (0.52 nm), and point zero charge (pH = 5.12). According to XRD examination, Mg boosted the degree of carbon structure ordering, whereas Na improved crystal structure formation. SEM analysis revealed that the biochar surface impregnated with metal oxide had a distribution of spotted activation centers. The combined effects of physical and chemical interactions may account for the Mg-loaded biochar's higher CO 2 adsorption at 25°C and 1 atm. The adsorption of CO 2 onto biochar was in the order of Mg metal-incorporated biochar > Na metal-incorporated biochar > pristine biochar. The SEM images also reflected the results. The EDX data from the elemental analysis also agreed with the higher CO 2 uptake capacity of Mg-loaded biochar. The XPS spectrum and 13 C NMR also agreed with the EDX results. The efficiency of adsorption of CO 2 in Mg-loaded biochar was 94.6%, which was higher than Na-loaded biochar (81.20%) as well as pristine biochar (64.43%). Thus, we can say that corn cob-based biochar is a low-cost option for CO 2 capture systems in natural environments, offering a higher efficiency rate. Physical sciences/Chemistry Earth and environmental sciences/Environmental sciences Biochar Carbon dioxide Adsorbent capturing metal-impregnated Full Text Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Published Journal Publication published 07 Dec, 2025 Read the published version in Scientific Reports → Version 1 posted Editorial decision: Revision requested 10 Sep, 2025 Reviews received at journal 15 Aug, 2025 Reviews received at journal 27 Jul, 2025 Reviews received at journal 17 Jul, 2025 Reviews received at journal 17 Jul, 2025 Reviewers agreed at journal 11 Jul, 2025 Reviewers agreed at journal 08 Jul, 2025 Reviewers agreed at journal 08 Jul, 2025 Reviewers agreed at journal 08 Jul, 2025 Reviewers invited by journal 08 Jul, 2025 Editor assigned by journal 08 Jul, 2025 Editor invited by journal 08 Jul, 2025 Submission checks completed at journal 08 Jul, 2025 First submitted to journal 06 Jul, 2025 You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. 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Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-7059293","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":483035266,"identity":"f651fd25-d9e6-4454-a9a5-a90dfba3f62e","order_by":0,"name":"Shajuyan Ahmed","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"University of Rajshahi","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Shajuyan","middleName":"","lastName":"Ahmed","suffix":""},{"id":483035267,"identity":"95df0402-f14c-4f3f-9543-8675ded2bdc9","order_by":1,"name":"Delwar Hossain","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"University of Rajshahi","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Delwar","middleName":"","lastName":"Hossain","suffix":""},{"id":483035268,"identity":"ac7227e2-1bc5-4120-84e9-f86457803d15","order_by":2,"name":"Sharmin Sultana Dipti","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"University of Rajshahi","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Sharmin","middleName":"Sultana","lastName":"Dipti","suffix":""},{"id":483035269,"identity":"3fc81a1c-3a93-410f-b5d9-90dbc69db6dd","order_by":3,"name":"Md. 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Abul Kalam Azad","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"University of Rajshahi","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Md.","middleName":"Abul Kalam","lastName":"Azad","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2025-07-06 17:38:10","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":"","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-7059293/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-7059293/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[{"content":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-31699-3","type":"published","date":"2025-12-07T15:57:50+00:00"}],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":97724626,"identity":"25f37920-1504-403f-a7b6-4ced4a6405f4","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-12-08 16:12:56","extension":"pdf","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":1833962,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Manuscript.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7059293/v1_covered_173592ae-6896-4f97-9643-e74f73bc7afc.pdf"}],"financialInterests":"No competing interests reported.","formattedTitle":"\u003cp\u003eMetals Incorporated Agricultural Waste Corn Cob-based Biochar Used as An Adsorbent for CO\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003e Capturing\u003c/p\u003e","fulltext":[],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":false,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":false,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":true,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":true,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":true,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"scientific-reports","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"scirep","sideBox":"Learn more about [Scientific Reports](http://www.nature.com/srep/)","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"","title":"Scientific Reports","twitterHandle":"","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":true,"editorialSystem":"stoa","reportingPortfolio":"Scientific Reports","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"Biochar, Carbon dioxide, Adsorbent, capturing, metal-impregnated","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-7059293/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-7059293/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003eThis research aims to use the agricultural waste corn cob-based biochar CO\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003e adsorption capacity by incorporating Magnesium and Sodium metals into its structure. The corn cob was pyrolyzed at a temperature of 900\u0026deg;C to create biochar for this purpose. The biochar had a higher microporosity fraction and a large specific surface area when impregnated with metal with heat treatment under N\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003e. The biochar was characterized by pore volume (25%), specific surface area (346.2 m\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e/g), average particle size (0.52 nm), and point zero charge (pH\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;5.12). According to XRD examination, Mg boosted the degree of carbon structure ordering, whereas Na improved crystal structure formation. SEM analysis revealed that the biochar surface impregnated with metal oxide had a distribution of spotted activation centers. The combined effects of physical and chemical interactions may account for the Mg-loaded biochar's higher CO\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003e adsorption at 25\u0026deg;C and 1 atm. The adsorption of CO\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003e onto biochar was in the order of Mg metal-incorporated biochar\u0026thinsp;\u0026gt;\u0026thinsp;Na metal-incorporated biochar\u0026thinsp;\u0026gt;\u0026thinsp;pristine biochar. The SEM images also reflected the results. The EDX data from the elemental analysis also agreed with the higher CO\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003e uptake capacity of Mg-loaded biochar. The XPS spectrum and \u003csup\u003e\u003cspan citationid=\"CR13\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e13\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003eC NMR also agreed with the EDX results. The efficiency of adsorption of CO\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003e in Mg-loaded biochar was 94.6%, which was higher than Na-loaded biochar (81.20%) as well as pristine biochar (64.43%). Thus, we can say that corn cob-based biochar is a low-cost option for CO\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003e capture systems in natural environments, offering a higher efficiency rate.\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"Metals Incorporated Agricultural Waste Corn Cob-based Biochar Used as An Adsorbent for CO2 Capturing","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2025-07-10 15:10:59","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-7059293/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0},{"type":"decision","content":"Revision requested","date":"2025-09-10T04:08:39+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvitedReview","content":"","date":"2025-08-15T04:41:22+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvitedReview","content":"","date":"2025-07-27T18:55:59+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvitedReview","content":"","date":"2025-07-18T01:51:54+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvitedReview","content":"","date":"2025-07-17T07:37:51+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"23981311924653600254277658479820571347","date":"2025-07-11T04:23:09+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"198990778719830115991767722705318646581","date":"2025-07-09T02:13:51+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"86499208642135983811519429551817221391","date":"2025-07-08T22:51:42+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"82987246539913055733170243389707648921","date":"2025-07-08T16:07:04+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewersInvited","content":"","date":"2025-07-08T16:03:24+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorAssigned","content":"","date":"2025-07-08T15:58:29+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvited","content":"","date":"2025-07-08T15:53:36+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"checksComplete","content":"","date":"2025-07-08T04:24:05+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"submitted","content":"Scientific Reports","date":"2025-07-06T17:27:56+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"scientific-reports","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"scirep","sideBox":"Learn more about [Scientific Reports](http://www.nature.com/srep/)","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"","title":"Scientific Reports","twitterHandle":"","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":true,"editorialSystem":"stoa","reportingPortfolio":"Scientific Reports","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"064d09a6-3e60-4bb3-8e1f-ad1b356ffdff","owner":[],"postedDate":"July 10th, 2025","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"published-in-journal","subjectAreas":[{"id":51348614,"name":"Physical sciences/Chemistry"},{"id":51348615,"name":"Earth and environmental sciences/Environmental sciences"}],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2025-12-08T16:09:06+00:00","versionOfRecord":{"articleIdentity":"rs-7059293","link":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-31699-3","journal":{"identity":"scientific-reports","isVorOnly":false,"title":"Scientific Reports"},"publishedOn":"2025-12-07 15:57:50","publishedOnDateReadable":"December 7th, 2025"},"versionCreatedAt":"2025-07-10 15:10:59","video":"","vorDoi":"10.1038/s41598-025-31699-3","vorDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-31699-3","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-7059293","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-7059293","identity":"rs-7059293","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"8U1c8b4HqxoKbykW_rLl7","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}