Study on condensation heat transfer process of wet flue gas containing non-condensable gases in a horizontal tube

Study on condensation heat transfer process of wet flue gas containing non-condensable gases in a horizontal tube | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article Study on condensation heat transfer process of wet flue gas containing non-condensable gases in a horizontal tube Zhen xu, Linjie Zhang, Yingchun Xie, Jinchi Zhu This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-8433390/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Under Review Version 1 posted 12 You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract To effectively recover the waste heat from the wet flue gas of gas-fired boilers, a comprehensive understanding of its heat transfer and hydrodynamic properties is essential. This study investigates the condensation heat exchange behaviors of wet flue gas within a horizontal tube using numerical simulation. A computational flow dynamic model is established and validated against experimental data. The influence of key parameters, including the Reynolds number, humidity ratio, wall subcooling, gas superheat, and length-diameter ratio on the in-tube heat transfer and flow is analyzed. The results indicate that an increasing the humidity ratio significantly enhances condensation heat transfer. When the humidity ratio increases from 0.05 to 0.2 kg∙kg a −1 , the heat transfer factor increases by an average of 5.94%. While increase in Reynolds number and gas superheat promote condensation heat transfer, they also lead to higher flow losses, with the effect of gas superheat being relatively minor. In contrast, an increase in wall subcooling elevates thermal resistance, thereby inhibiting heat transfer. Tube geometry has a pronounced effect on the condensation heat transfer processes. When the length-diameter ratio increases from 30 to 48, the heat transfer factor and friction factor increase by an average of 64.09% and 467%, respectively. Condensation heat transfer Non-condensable gases Horizontal tube Multiphase flow Flow loss Full Text Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Under Review Version 1 posted Editorial decision: Revision requested 05 Feb, 2026 Reviews received at journal 05 Feb, 2026 Reviews received at journal 05 Feb, 2026 Reviews received at journal 02 Feb, 2026 Reviewers agreed at journal 29 Jan, 2026 Reviewers agreed at journal 29 Jan, 2026 Reviewers agreed at journal 28 Jan, 2026 Reviewers agreed at journal 27 Jan, 2026 Reviewers invited by journal 27 Jan, 2026 Editor assigned by journal 07 Jan, 2026 Submission checks completed at journal 24 Dec, 2025 First submitted to journal 23 Dec, 2025 You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. 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Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-8433390","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":581591646,"identity":"0414ff57-ef2c-4c3a-a65a-8cd534a6c880","order_by":0,"name":"Zhen xu","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Shandong University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Zhen","middleName":"","lastName":"xu","suffix":""},{"id":581591648,"identity":"2f02a61e-5b4f-4bc8-9d53-7be36cb78744","order_by":1,"name":"Linjie Zhang","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Ocean University of China","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Linjie","middleName":"","lastName":"Zhang","suffix":""},{"id":581591651,"identity":"9605e86f-58db-42ab-9605-51b77465408c","order_by":2,"name":"Yingchun Xie","email":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAAAt0lEQVRIiWNgGAWjYDACZhBRAWFLkKDlDElaQICxjRQtBseZj0n8nGeT2N/AfPA2D4NdHkEtks1saZK929ISZxxgS7bmYUguJqiFn5nHTJpx2+HEDQxABg/DgcQGQlrYmPm/STPOAWkBMojSArSFTZqxAWwLG3FagH4xtuw5lmY84zCQMccgmbAWg/OHH974UWMj29/e/PDGmwo7wlqAgAUSHeA4NSBCPUjtB+LUjYJRMApGwYgFACBAMqPKqooDAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC","orcid":"","institution":"Ocean University of China","correspondingAuthor":true,"prefix":"","firstName":"Yingchun","middleName":"","lastName":"Xie","suffix":""},{"id":581591657,"identity":"be72c042-2e72-4cf4-b92d-397f90773ff4","order_by":3,"name":"Jinchi Zhu","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Ocean University of China","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Jinchi","middleName":"","lastName":"Zhu","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2025-12-23 12:08:28","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":"","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-8433390/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-8433390/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":101387229,"identity":"72eff504-d4be-48f1-adfa-2e616a9b2154","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-01-29 07:32:44","extension":"pdf","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":1332522,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Manuscript1.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8433390/v1_covered_5d1b656b-e7d7-4828-b893-c246b90d71c7.pdf"}],"financialInterests":"No competing interests reported.","formattedTitle":"Study on condensation heat transfer process of wet flue gas containing non-condensable gases in a horizontal tube","fulltext":[],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":false,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":false,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":true,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":true,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":true,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"heat-and-mass-transfer","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"hamt","sideBox":"Learn more about [Heat and Mass Transfer](https://www.springer.com/journal/231)","snPcode":"231","submissionUrl":"https://submission.nature.com/new-submission/231/3","title":"Heat and Mass Transfer","twitterHandle":"","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":true,"editorialSystem":"stoa","reportingPortfolio":"Springer Hybrid","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":false},"keywords":"Condensation heat transfer, Non-condensable gases, Horizontal tube, Multiphase flow, Flow loss","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-8433390/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-8433390/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003eTo effectively recover the waste heat from the wet flue gas of gas-fired boilers, a comprehensive understanding of its heat transfer and hydrodynamic properties is essential. This study investigates the condensation heat exchange behaviors of wet flue gas within a horizontal tube using numerical simulation. A computational flow dynamic model is established and validated against experimental data. The influence of key parameters, including the Reynolds number, humidity ratio, wall subcooling, gas superheat, and length-diameter ratio on the in-tube heat transfer and flow is analyzed. The results indicate that an increasing the humidity ratio significantly enhances condensation heat transfer. When the humidity ratio increases from 0.05 to 0.2 kg∙kg\u003csub\u003ea\u003c/sub\u003e\u003csup\u003e\u0026minus;1\u003c/sup\u003e, the heat transfer factor increases by an average of 5.94%. While increase in Reynolds number and gas superheat promote condensation heat transfer, they also lead to higher flow losses, with the effect of gas superheat being relatively minor. 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