Experimental Evidence for Unexpected Coupling Between Radial Stress and Gravitational Potential

Experimental Evidence for Unexpected Coupling Between Radial Stress and Gravitational Potential | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article Experimental Evidence for Unexpected Coupling Between Radial Stress and Gravitational Potential Phillip Lentz, Evan Laske, Ben Peters, Kevin Stephens, Jon Crombe, and 1 more This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-8309408/v2 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Posted Version 2 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Show more versions Abstract Despite the predictive success of General Relativity (GR), the specific contribution of radial stress- energy terms to the gravitational field remains an under-explored domain. This study investigates this relationship using a novel experimental apparatus designed to measure gravitational perturbations induced by radial stress within rapidly rotating masses. Our findings reveal a measurable anisotropic influence along the plane of rotation that diverges from the standard potential predicted by the mass distribution and angular momentum alone. This anisotropy suggests a potential coupling between the internal stress-energy tensor and the vacuum metric that is not fully accounted for in linear approximations. We present the experimental data and discuss the implications for systems with high rotational energy densities, such as compact relativistic objects, where similar stress-coupling mechanisms may be relevant. Theoretical Physics General Relativity Radial Stress Gravity Anisotropic Full Text Additional Declarations The authors declare no competing interests. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Posted Version 2 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Show more versions Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. Our growing team is made up of researchers and industry professionals working together to solve the most critical problems facing scientific publishing. Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-8309408","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":557547859,"identity":"026fe265-0fb9-42f0-9d82-e8521c27a8f9","order_by":0,"name":"Phillip Lentz","email":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAAAyklEQVRIiWNgGAWjYDACCcbGAw8MGORI0tJwIMGAwZgULQwMBxIYGBIbiNZhLt0MtKXgTvqG2+3PHvyosWHgb+9OwKvFcs5BkMOe5W64c8bcsOdYGoPEmbMb8GoxuJEI0nI4d8ONHDYJ3obDDAYSucRpSTe4kf5M8m/Df+K1JBjcSDCT5m04QFiL5QywlmeGM2/kmBvLHEvmIegXc4n0hw8+/Lkjzwd02MM3NXZy/O29BBwGoQ6ACDYQwYNXOVYto2AUjIJRMAowAAB9cVI9OgFYTQAAAABJRU5ErkJggg==","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5863-301X","institution":"Unspace, LLC","correspondingAuthor":true,"prefix":"","firstName":"Phillip","middleName":"","lastName":"Lentz","suffix":""},{"id":557547860,"identity":"b2dfb244-5a7d-4ee8-a79f-cfd1bc8d4ebe","order_by":1,"name":"Evan Laske","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"NASA","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Evan","middleName":"","lastName":"Laske","suffix":""},{"id":557547861,"identity":"b5fe0f8b-00ed-433a-9fc9-18d8b66ceb6c","order_by":2,"name":"Ben Peters","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Unspace, LLC","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Ben","middleName":"","lastName":"Peters","suffix":""},{"id":557547862,"identity":"7844c55d-d085-4a16-950f-e6e007cfcf34","order_by":3,"name":"Kevin Stephens","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Unspace, LLC","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Kevin","middleName":"","lastName":"Stephens","suffix":""},{"id":557547863,"identity":"13f729d1-587e-4509-b95d-11cba46dbaae","order_by":4,"name":"Jon Crombe","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Unspace, LLC","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Jon","middleName":"","lastName":"Crombe","suffix":""},{"id":557547864,"identity":"4a20b849-7e5b-409f-a49c-1cb42b0d0aec","order_by":5,"name":"Bianca Esquivel","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Unspace, LLC","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Bianca","middleName":"","lastName":"Esquivel","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2025-12-08 15:51:32","currentVersionCode":2,"declarations":{"humanSubjects":false,"vertebrateSubjects":false,"conflictsOfInterestStatement":false,"humanSubjectEthicalGuidelines":false,"humanSubjectConsent":false,"humanSubjectClinicalTrial":false,"humanSubjectCaseReport":false,"vertebrateSubjectEthicalGuidelines":false},"doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-8309408/v2","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-8309408/v2","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":101752280,"identity":"168d9ac6-1919-431f-abb9-88fab2f02520","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-02-03 10:26:31","extension":"pdf","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":2130380,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"ExperimentalEvidenceofGravitationalPotentialProducedbyRotatingFramesv2.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8309408/v2_covered_04dfeded-8dc6-4fa6-9b80-c4995562ebb9.pdf"}],"financialInterests":"The authors declare no competing interests.","formattedTitle":"Experimental Evidence for Unexpected Coupling Between Radial Stress and Gravitational Potential","fulltext":[],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[{"identity":"a5626584-8f8a-4089-a140-c8d96892a0aa","identifier":"10.13039/100000001","name":"National Science Foundation","awardNumber":"2236806","order_by":0}],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":false,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":true,"hideJournal":true,"highlight":"","institution":"Unspace, LLC","isAcceptedByJournal":false,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":true,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":true,"isPdf":true,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"General Relativity, Radial Stress, Gravity, Anisotropic","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-8309408/v2","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-8309408/v2","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003eDespite the predictive success of General Relativity (GR), the specific contribution of radial stress-\u003cbr\u003e\nenergy terms to the gravitational field remains an under-explored domain. This study investigates\u003cbr\u003e\nthis relationship using a novel experimental apparatus designed to measure gravitational\u003cbr\u003e\nperturbations induced by radial stress within rapidly rotating masses. Our findings reveal a\u003cbr\u003e\nmeasurable anisotropic influence along the plane of rotation that diverges from the standard\u003cbr\u003e\npotential predicted by the mass distribution and angular momentum alone. This anisotropy\u003cbr\u003e\nsuggests a potential coupling between the internal stress-energy tensor and the vacuum metric that\u003cbr\u003e\nis not fully accounted for in linear approximations. We present the experimental data and discuss\u003cbr\u003e\nthe implications for systems with high rotational energy densities, such as compact relativistic\u003cbr\u003e\nobjects, where similar stress-coupling mechanisms may be relevant.\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"Experimental Evidence for Unexpected Coupling Between Radial Stress and Gravitational Potential","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":2,"date":"2026-01-30 22:36:38","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-8309408/v2","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true}},{"code":1,"date":"2025-12-09 10:24:16","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-8309408/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"bc9158de-935d-41b0-9411-032b1da875f2","owner":[],"postedDate":"January 30th, 2026","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"posted","subjectAreas":[{"id":59340637,"name":"Theoretical Physics"}],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2025-12-09T10:24:16+00:00","versionOfRecord":[],"versionCreatedAt":"2026-01-30 22:36:38","video":"","vorDoi":"","vorDoiUrl":"","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v2","identity":"rs-8309408","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-8309408","identity":"rs-8309408","version":["v2"]},"buildId":"8U1c8b4HqxoKbykW_rLl7","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}