Promethium-149 ( 149 Pm) as a potential theranostic radioisotope: a feasibility study of 149 Pm production at the Bandung TRIGA research reactor

Promethium-149 ( 149 Pm) as a potential theranostic radioisotope: a feasibility study of 149 Pm production at the Bandung TRIGA research reactor | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article Promethium-149 ( 149 Pm) as a potential theranostic radioisotope: a feasibility study of 149 Pm production at the Bandung TRIGA research reactor Azmairit Aziz, Efrizon Umar, Prasetyo Basuki, Neni Ratnawati, and 3 more This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-8763562/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Published Journal Publication published 16 Apr, 2026 Read the published version in Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry → Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract Promethium-149 ( 149 Pm) is a carrier free radiolanthanide that emits moderate-energy beta particles and has high potential as a novel theranostic radioisotope for nuclear medicine applications. This study describes the production of the 149 Pm radioisotope from enriched neodymium oxide (Nd 2 O 3 ) targets at the Bandung TRIGA research reactor and its supporting facilities, including theoretical calculations using computer codes, target preparation, neutron activation, separation of 149 Pm radionuclide from Nd/Pm matrix, purification, and physicochemical characterization. The obtained 149 Pm was in the form of a 149 PmCl 3 solution, which remained stable at room temperature for up to 8 days after preparation with high radiochemical and radionuclide purities, thereby fulfilling the requirements for uses as a precursor in the preparation of various targeted radiopharmaceutical for cancer therapy. Promethium-149 carrier free theranostic extraction chromatography MCNP ORIGEN2 Full Text Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Published Journal Publication published 16 Apr, 2026 Read the published version in Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry → Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. Our growing team is made up of researchers and industry professionals working together to solve the most critical problems facing scientific publishing. Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-8763562","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":588545578,"identity":"af017d4a-edce-4591-adb7-04d130d217b6","order_by":0,"name":"Azmairit Aziz","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN)","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Azmairit","middleName":"","lastName":"Aziz","suffix":""},{"id":588545586,"identity":"635a1595-f293-4a1c-a027-3fc32c5d8a18","order_by":1,"name":"Efrizon Umar","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN)","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Efrizon","middleName":"","lastName":"Umar","suffix":""},{"id":588545588,"identity":"19d27877-f27f-4e9d-8fb7-a70574f5ea37","order_by":2,"name":"Prasetyo Basuki","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN)","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Prasetyo","middleName":"","lastName":"Basuki","suffix":""},{"id":588545589,"identity":"6bb48d4b-dbba-4ae9-9226-8d9de2d8e9cf","order_by":3,"name":"Neni Ratnawati","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN)","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Neni","middleName":"","lastName":"Ratnawati","suffix":""},{"id":588545592,"identity":"fc475c1a-bbab-4106-b8cf-e398ae3ee6da","order_by":4,"name":"Almira Fathadina","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Dexa Medica Laboratories","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Almira","middleName":"","lastName":"Fathadina","suffix":""},{"id":588545594,"identity":"65fb3831-7c34-413a-a8e7-09c336b0cc00","order_by":5,"name":"Sidik Permana","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Bandung Institute of Technology","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Sidik","middleName":"","lastName":"Permana","suffix":""},{"id":588545596,"identity":"88985850-9814-4ad4-81b9-3facbb18025b","order_by":6,"name":"Anwar Ilmar Ramadhan","email":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAAA40lEQVRIiWNgGAWjYPACCRkgwfiAgYENzD3AQ4QWkBpmA1K0MIDUsEmgcHEB/tk9hp8rGCx4dNvPPqvmzeFj4G8/wHjgDT4X3TljLHkG6DCzM+lmt3m3sTFInElgODgHn4tu5G6QbABpOZDGBtbCcIOB4TA+h8nfyN38E6zl/DO2YpAWeUJaDG7kboPYciONjRmkxYCQFsMb+d8sGwxAWp4xS87dxsZjeCaxAa9f5G6kJd9sqKiTMzufxvjh7bZjcnLHDx/+gC/EoM6Ds44BncTYQFADMqghSfUoGAWjYBSMDAAADe1GNBbLOr4AAAAASUVORK5CYII=","orcid":"","institution":"Universitas Muhammadiyah Jakarta","correspondingAuthor":true,"prefix":"","firstName":"Anwar","middleName":"Ilmar","lastName":"Ramadhan","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2026-02-02 10:23:19","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":"","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-8763562/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-8763562/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[{"content":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10967-026-10894-0","type":"published","date":"2026-04-16T15:59:10+00:00"}],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":107350937,"identity":"6ae1d8d7-a55b-4707-a2ce-e55b2a21eb56","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-04-20 16:07:18","extension":"pdf","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":1010706,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"paperJRadioanalNuclchemfinal020226Rev.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8763562/v1_covered_f7144a19-4ddb-4c3b-ae93-b60629747703.pdf"}],"financialInterests":"No competing interests reported.","formattedTitle":"Promethium-149 ( 149 Pm) as a potential theranostic radioisotope: a feasibility study of 149 Pm production at the Bandung TRIGA research reactor","fulltext":[],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":false,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":true,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":true,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":true,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":true,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"Promethium-149, carrier free, theranostic, extraction chromatography, MCNP, ORIGEN2","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-8763562/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-8763562/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003ePromethium-149 (\u003csup\u003e149\u003c/sup\u003ePm) is a carrier free radiolanthanide that emits moderate-energy beta particles and has high potential as a novel theranostic radioisotope for nuclear medicine applications. This study describes the production of the \u003csup\u003e149\u003c/sup\u003ePm radioisotope from enriched neodymium oxide (Nd\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003eO\u003csub\u003e3\u003c/sub\u003e) targets at the Bandung TRIGA research reactor and its supporting facilities, including theoretical calculations using computer codes, target preparation, neutron activation, separation of \u003csup\u003e149\u003c/sup\u003ePm radionuclide from Nd/Pm matrix, purification, and physicochemical characterization. The obtained \u003csup\u003e149\u003c/sup\u003ePm was in the form of a \u003csup\u003e149\u003c/sup\u003ePmCl\u003csub\u003e3\u003c/sub\u003e solution, which remained stable at room temperature for up to 8 days after preparation with high radiochemical and radionuclide purities, thereby fulfilling the requirements for uses as a precursor in the preparation of various targeted radiopharmaceutical for cancer therapy.\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"Promethium-149 ( 149 Pm) as a potential theranostic radioisotope: a feasibility study of 149 Pm production at the Bandung TRIGA research reactor","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2026-02-11 03:24:10","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-8763562/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"1079ab6e-2f8c-4682-b9ed-17146d6b734a","owner":[],"postedDate":"February 11th, 2026","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"posted","subjectAreas":[],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2026-04-20T16:05:01+00:00","versionOfRecord":{"articleIdentity":"rs-8763562","link":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10967-026-10894-0","journal":{"identity":"journal-of-radioanalytical-and-nuclear-chemistry","isVorOnly":false,"title":"Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry"},"publishedOn":"2026-04-16 15:59:10","publishedOnDateReadable":"April 16th, 2026"},"versionCreatedAt":"2026-02-11 03:24:10","video":"","vorDoi":"10.1007/s10967-026-10894-0","vorDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10967-026-10894-0","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-8763562","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-8763562","identity":"rs-8763562","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"XKTyCvWXoU3ODBz1xrDgd","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}