A rare case of very late implantable cardioverter-defibrillator lead perforation
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Abstract
Implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) implantation is a common medical procedure that carries many serious risks including lead perforation. The incidence of ICD lead perforation has been estimated at 0.6-5.2% previously[(1)](#ref-0001). Risk factors for lead perforation include older age, female sex, worsened New York Heart Association (NYHA) heart failure class and nonischaemic cardiomyopathy[(2)](#ref-0002).
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- europepmc
- last seen: 2026-05-20T01:45:00.602351+00:00