Aquatic insects in a forested and an urban stream: The importance of riparian forest, microhabitats and climate influence

Aquatic insects in a forested and an urban stream: The importance of riparian forest, microhabitats and climate influence | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article Aquatic insects in a forested and an urban stream: The importance of riparian forest, microhabitats and climate influence Yildiz Jordán Bouchon, Fábio Batagini Quinteiro, Colin Robert Beasley This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-8029671/v2 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Posted Version 2 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Show more versions Abstract Aims This study evaluated the environmental conditions, abundance, and diversity of aquatic insects in streams in a secondary forest and an urban area in Bragança, Pará, Brazil. Methods From October to December 2023, data on aquatic insect taxa (diversity and abundance), environmental variables (electrical conductivity, pH, dissolved oxygen, total dissolved solids, and oxidation-reduction potential), and disturbance levels, assessed using the Habitat Integrity Index (HII). Results A total of 423 individuals were collected, 69 of them collected in the secondary forest streams and 354 in the urban streams, distributed across six orders: Ephemeroptera, Trichoptera, Odonata, Diptera, Coleoptera and Hemiptera. The urban stream harbored 22 insect families, while 12 families were recorded in the secondary forest stream. Abundance and richness declined over the dry months in both streams. Berger-Parker dominance index increased over time, while the Margalef diversity index decreased, indicating shifts in insect assemblage structure. Both streams were classified as ‘‘Disturbed’’ (HII < 0.70). Electrical conductivity, total dissolved solids, phosphate and dissolved oxygen were associated with variations in the insect assemblage composition and abundance. Gomphidae was strongly associated with phosphate concentrations, Corduliidae with total dissolved solids and electrical conductivity, and Coenagrionidae and Caenidae responded positively to dissolved oxygen. The urban stream experienced complete flow loss during the dry season, likely associated with severe drought conditions, compounded by regional forest loss and urbanization processes. Conclusions Higher abundance in the urban streams likely reflects anthropogenic disturbances that reduced sensitive taxa and favored the dominance of tolerant ones. Higher number of aquatic insect families in urban streams may be related to higher microhabitat diversity, which likely supported the survival of species with different ecophysiological requirements. Conservation Biology Entomology Amazon anthropogenic impact freshwater hexapods urbanization Figures Figure 1 Figure 2 Figure 3 Figure 4 Full Text Additional Declarations The authors declare no competing interests. Supplementary Files MainAnalysis.r Main Ecological Analysis Script - Amazonian Stream Macroinvertebrates 1.FaunadataUTF8.csv Fauna data 2.ParametersdataUTF8.csv Parameters data Metadata.txt Metadata Cite Share Download PDF Status: Posted Version 2 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Show more versions Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. Our growing team is made up of researchers and industry professionals working together to solve the most critical problems facing scientific publishing. Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-8029671","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":540780659,"identity":"99c033b4-c995-4628-9b6f-1efb3f9cfbaa","order_by":0,"name":"Yildiz Jordán 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18:53:26","extension":"png","order_by":2,"title":"Figure 2","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":101605,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003eNumber of aquatic insect families recorded in the U and F streams throughout the sampling period, from October to December 2023.\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"2.Figure2TaxonRichness.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8029671/v2/cf7902b4f0c26a9b1da5e237.png"},{"id":97822932,"identity":"595e33d3-6f4f-4ea3-bba5-4d449c5cbc08","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-12-09 18:53:26","extension":"png","order_by":3,"title":"Figure 3","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":141718,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003eResults of the Margalef and Berger-Parker indices for aquatic insect families in the U and F streams throughout the sampling period, from October to December 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The urban stream harbored 22 insect families, while 12 families were recorded in the secondary forest stream. Abundance and richness declined over the dry months in both streams. Berger-Parker dominance index increased over time, while the Margalef diversity index decreased, indicating shifts in insect assemblage structure. Both streams were classified as \u0026lsquo;\u0026lsquo;Disturbed\u0026rsquo;\u0026rsquo; (HII\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.70). Electrical conductivity, total dissolved solids, phosphate and dissolved oxygen were associated with variations in the insect assemblage composition and abundance. Gomphidae was strongly associated with phosphate concentrations, Corduliidae with total dissolved solids and electrical conductivity, and Coenagrionidae and Caenidae responded positively to dissolved oxygen. The urban stream experienced complete flow loss during the dry season, likely associated with severe drought conditions, compounded by regional forest loss and urbanization processes.\u003c/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eConclusions\u003c/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eHigher abundance in the urban streams likely reflects anthropogenic disturbances that reduced sensitive taxa and favored the dominance of tolerant ones. Higher number of aquatic insect families in urban streams may be related to higher microhabitat diversity, which likely supported the survival of species with different ecophysiological requirements.\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"Aquatic insects in a forested and an urban stream: The importance of riparian forest, microhabitats and climate influence","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":2,"date":"2025-12-09 18:53:20","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-8029671/v2","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true}},{"code":1,"date":"2025-11-06 06:31:16","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-8029671/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"d84cd51b-e117-467d-8f6a-8850f53e1c24","owner":[],"postedDate":"December 9th, 2025","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"posted","subjectAreas":[{"id":57526209,"name":"Conservation Biology"},{"id":57526210,"name":"Entomology"}],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2025-11-06T06:31:16+00:00","versionOfRecord":[],"versionCreatedAt":"2025-12-09 18:53:20","video":"","vorDoi":"","vorDoiUrl":"","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v2","identity":"rs-8029671","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-8029671","identity":"rs-8029671","version":["v2"]},"buildId":"8U1c8b4HqxoKbykW_rLl7","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}