Quantum Gravity Effects in Primordial Black Holes: A Rigorous Framework for Memory Burden Phenomenology and Multi-Messenger Constraints

Quantum Gravity Effects in Primordial Black Holes: A Rigorous Framework for Memory Burden Phenomenology and Multi-Messenger Constraints | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article Quantum Gravity Effects in Primordial Black Holes: A Rigorous Framework for Memory Burden Phenomenology and Multi-Messenger Constraints Mahgoub Awad Salih This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-7436968/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract We develop a comprehensive theoretical framework for primordial black hole (PBH) evolution incorporating quantum gravity effects through the memory burden mechanism. Our approach addresses fundamental limitations in previous treatments through: (1) microscopic derivation of memory burden parameters from quantum information theory, (2) systematic uncertainty quantification with conservative observational predictions, (3) comprehensive validation against known astrophysical constraints, and (4) robust statistical analysis using Bayesian model comparison. The memory burden effect, arising from quantum microstate saturation, provides exponential suppression of Hawking evaporation when black holes emit N ∼ Sinitial particles. We derive the critical mass scale Mc = (ℏc/G)1/2 expp Sinitial/(4π) ∼ 107−9 g from first principles, with theoretical uncertainties spanning one order of magnitude. Using conservative statistical analysis and systematic error propagation, we find that memory-burdened PBHs can constitute up to fPBH ≤ 0.1 of dark matter in the mass range 106–109 g without violating current observational constraints. Our framework predicts: (i) 5–25 excess neutrino events per year in IceCube-Gen2 for realistic PBH abundances, (ii) enhanced stochastic gravitational wave backgrounds detectable by LISA with > 2σ significance, and (iii) distinctive gamma-ray spectral features observable in next-generation air Cherenkov telescopes. This work establishes a robust foundation for testing quantum gravity theories through precision multi-messenger astrophysics while maintaining rigorous theoretical grounding and conservative observational predictions. We provide a complete open-source implementation enabling collaborative research and reproducible science. Astrophysics and Cosmology Theoretical study primordial black hole quantum gravity effects memory burden effect Full Text Additional Declarations The authors declare no competing interests. Supplementary Files pbhcode.py Cite Share Download PDF Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. Our growing team is made up of researchers and industry professionals working together to solve the most critical problems facing scientific publishing. Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-7436968","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":504364204,"identity":"eda4d5e5-8544-47c7-9536-e090c5258286","order_by":0,"name":"Mahgoub Awad Salih","email":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAAAyElEQVRIiWNgGAWjYLCCBwYH5MAMHqK1JBgcMCZVC8OBxAaiteg2sD/8kFBwJ73vRgLjg7dtDPb8DQS0mB3gMZZIMHiWO/NGArPh3DaGxBkHCGthAGo5nLvhRgKbNG8byJEEtbA//gHUkm5wI4H9N1CLvTxhLQxmIFsSgFrYmIFaGDcQ1HKYx8wCqMVw5pmHzZJzzkkkbiSo5Xj74xsf/hyW5zuefPDDmzIbezlCWhiYYYwDjA1AUoKQemRA0PBRMApGwSgYsQAA8AdD0R2pZCkAAAAASUVORK5CYII=","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8652-9842","institution":"Qassim university","correspondingAuthor":true,"prefix":"","firstName":"Mahgoub","middleName":"Awad","lastName":"Salih","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2025-08-22 19:02:59","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":{"humanSubjects":false,"vertebrateSubjects":true,"conflictsOfInterestStatement":false,"humanSubjectEthicalGuidelines":false,"humanSubjectConsent":false,"humanSubjectClinicalTrial":false,"humanSubjectCaseReport":false,"vertebrateSubjectEthicalGuidelines":true},"doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-7436968/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-7436968/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":89796374,"identity":"d00e5a5b-4790-4e16-bc53-ca975c98c394","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-08-25 07:10:14","extension":"pdf","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":399568,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"QuantumEffectsinPrimordialBlackHoles.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7436968/v1_covered_3fd9a46d-b4b9-4d87-ba4c-02c2c22c8295.pdf"},{"id":89796372,"identity":"7f04929d-a834-4472-95b8-b33fa48335f2","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-08-25 07:10:09","extension":"py","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"supplement","size":64833,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"pbhcode.py","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7436968/v1/61d224b81b8d0290c27fd288.py"}],"financialInterests":"The authors declare no competing interests.","formattedTitle":"\u003cp\u003eQuantum Gravity Effects in Primordial Black Holes: A Rigorous Framework for Memory Burden Phenomenology and Multi-Messenger Constraints\u003c/p\u003e","fulltext":[],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[{"identity":"e45e8168-924d-41ea-9838-f6ab974c8fe6","identifier":"10.13039/501100007414","name":"Qassim University","awardNumber":"QU-APC-2025","order_by":0}],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":false,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":true,"hideJournal":true,"highlight":"","institution":"Qassim University","isAcceptedByJournal":false,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":true,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":true,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"Theoretical study; primordial black hole; quantum gravity effects; memory burden effect","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-7436968/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-7436968/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003eWe develop a comprehensive theoretical framework for primordial black hole (PBH) evolution\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eincorporating quantum gravity effects through the memory burden mechanism. Our\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eapproach addresses fundamental limitations in previous treatments through: (1) microscopic\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ederivation of memory burden parameters from quantum information theory, (2) systematic\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003euncertainty quantification with conservative observational predictions, (3) comprehensive\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003evalidation against known astrophysical constraints, and (4) robust statistical analysis using\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eBayesian model comparison.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe memory burden effect, arising from quantum microstate saturation, provides exponential\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003esuppression of Hawking evaporation when black holes emit N ∼ Sinitial particles.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWe derive the critical mass scale Mc = (ℏc/G)1/2 expp\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSinitial/(4π) ∼ 107−9 g from first\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eprinciples, with theoretical uncertainties spanning one order of magnitude.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eUsing conservative statistical analysis and systematic error propagation, we find that\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ememory-burdened PBHs can constitute up to fPBH ≤ 0.1 of dark matter in the mass range\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e106–109 g without violating current observational constraints. Our framework predicts:\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(i) 5–25 excess neutrino events per year in IceCube-Gen2 for realistic PBH abundances,\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(ii) enhanced stochastic gravitational wave backgrounds detectable by LISA with \u0026gt; 2σ\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003esignificance, and (iii) distinctive gamma-ray spectral features observable in next-generation\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eair Cherenkov telescopes.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThis work establishes a robust foundation for testing quantum gravity theories through\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eprecision multi-messenger astrophysics while maintaining rigorous theoretical grounding and\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003econservative observational predictions. We provide a complete open-source implementation\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eenabling collaborative research and reproducible science.\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"Quantum Gravity Effects in Primordial Black Holes: A Rigorous Framework for Memory Burden Phenomenology and Multi-Messenger Constraints","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2025-08-25 07:09:19","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-7436968/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"dfa20fbb-dcb9-49f8-9ac5-a48ddbeeab85","owner":[],"postedDate":"August 25th, 2025","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"posted","subjectAreas":[{"id":53643370,"name":"Astrophysics and Cosmology"}],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2025-08-25T07:09:19+00:00","versionOfRecord":[],"versionCreatedAt":"2025-08-25 07:09:19","video":"","vorDoi":"","vorDoiUrl":"","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-7436968","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-7436968","identity":"rs-7436968","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"8U1c8b4HqxoKbykW_rLl7","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}