Comparison of Spatiotemporal Characteristics and Complementarity of ADTD and FY-4A Lightning Observation Data in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Region

Comparison of Spatiotemporal Characteristics and Complementarity of ADTD and FY-4A Lightning Observation Data in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Region | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article Comparison of Spatiotemporal Characteristics and Complementarity of ADTD and FY-4A Lightning Observation Data in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Region Yating Wang, Tingru Cui, Hui Zhang, Zhichao Wang, Yiguo Xu, Dan Wang, and 2 more This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-8549492/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract To clarify the spatiotemporal characteristics and complementarity of lightning observation data in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region, this study used ADTD ground-based and FY-4A satellite lightning data from April to September 2020–2022 for comparative analysis, focusing on frequency, density, intensity and typical cases. The results show that the interannual and diurnal variations of lightning frequency from both datasets are consistent, with concentration in summer (June-August) and high activity from afternoon to evening, and the peak of lightning "events" is earlier than cloud-to-ground (CG) lightning. There are differences in monthly peaks, related to detection principles and capabilities for different lightning types. Spatially, both show a "south more and north less" pattern: FY-4A has a wider observation range and obvious advantages in cloud-to-cloud (CC) lightning-dominated areas, while ADTD clearly reflects the topographic correlation of CG lightning. The high-value areas of ADTD CG lightning are scattered in the eastern coastal plains, and those of FY-4A are in the northwest and northern topographic uplift areas, showing significant complementarity. For diurnal intensity variation, ADTD CG lightning intensity is uniform throughout the day, while FY-4A optical radiation intensity peaks at 11:00–13:00. In terms of precipitation correlation, lightning frequency of both datasets increases near precipitation peaks: ADTD CG lightning concentrates 0–30 minutes before the peak, while FY-4A total lightning activity is earlier, verifying the classic convective electrical activity model. There are obvious differences in the timing of intensity peaks, reflecting the phased response of optical detection. This study clarifies the characteristics and complementary value of the two datasets, providing support for regional severe convection monitoring and early warning. Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region ADTD FY-4A lightning characteristics spatiotemporal distribution data complementarity Full Text Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. Our growing team is made up of researchers and industry professionals working together to solve the most critical problems facing scientific publishing. Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-8549492","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":611009559,"identity":"6bfab6b8-4223-49b3-af66-6f90ee529e7b","order_by":0,"name":"Yating Wang","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Meteorological Bureau of Baoding City, Hebei Province;Baoding Key Laboratory of Intelligent Monitoring and Service for Ecological Meteorology","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Yating","middleName":"","lastName":"Wang","suffix":""},{"id":611009560,"identity":"71afe33d-8ea7-4f9c-97cb-633eefb245a6","order_by":1,"name":"Tingru 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The results show that the interannual and diurnal variations of lightning frequency from both datasets are consistent, with concentration in summer (June-August) and high activity from afternoon to evening, and the peak of lightning \"events\" is earlier than cloud-to-ground (CG) lightning. There are differences in monthly peaks, related to detection principles and capabilities for different lightning types. Spatially, both show a \"south more and north less\" pattern: FY-4A has a wider observation range and obvious advantages in cloud-to-cloud (CC) lightning-dominated areas, while ADTD clearly reflects the topographic correlation of CG lightning. The high-value areas of ADTD CG lightning are scattered in the eastern coastal plains, and those of FY-4A are in the northwest and northern topographic uplift areas, showing significant complementarity. For diurnal intensity variation, ADTD CG lightning intensity is uniform throughout the day, while FY-4A optical radiation intensity peaks at 11:00\u0026ndash;13:00. In terms of precipitation correlation, lightning frequency of both datasets increases near precipitation peaks: ADTD CG lightning concentrates 0\u0026ndash;30 minutes before the peak, while FY-4A total lightning activity is earlier, verifying the classic convective electrical activity model. There are obvious differences in the timing of intensity peaks, reflecting the phased response of optical detection. This study clarifies the characteristics and complementary value of the two datasets, providing support for regional severe convection monitoring and early warning.\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"Comparison of Spatiotemporal Characteristics and Complementarity of ADTD and FY-4A Lightning Observation Data in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Region","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2026-03-25 17:36:35","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-8549492/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"69f39209-60ea-46f0-b975-ecdea3d5e28b","owner":[],"postedDate":"March 25th, 2026","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[{"type":"editorInvitedReview","content":"","date":"2026-05-15T23:25:21+00:00","index":21,"fulltext":""}],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"posted","subjectAreas":[],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2026-03-25T17:36:35+00:00","versionOfRecord":[],"versionCreatedAt":"2026-03-25 17:36:35","video":"","vorDoi":"","vorDoiUrl":"","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-8549492","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-8549492","identity":"rs-8549492","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"XKTyCvWXoU3ODBz1xrDgd","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}