Epidemiology of Extraintestinal Manifestations in Chinese Inflammatory Bowel Disease Patients: A Single-Center Retrospective Study

Epidemiology of Extraintestinal Manifestations in Chinese Inflammatory Bowel Disease Patients: A Single-Center Retrospective Study | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Article Epidemiology of Extraintestinal Manifestations in Chinese Inflammatory Bowel Disease Patients: A Single-Center Retrospective Study Liuqing Zhao, Jiaqi Zhang, Zhenzhen Fan, JinDan He, Tong Wu, He Zhou, and 3 more This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-7809551/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract Background Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is frequently associated with various extraintestinal manifestations (EIMs) that significantly impact patient prognosis. While the incidence of IBD continues to rise in China, systematic research on the epidemiological characteristics of EIMs remains limited, particularly in the context of widespread biologic therapy use. This study aims to comprehensively characterize the epidemiological features of EIMs in Chinese IBD patients to inform clinical practice. Methods We conducted a retrospective analysis of 649 inpatients with IBD at Xijing Hospital between October 2020 and December 2024. EIMs were diagnosed using standardized clinical, imaging, and specialist criteria. We assessed prevalence, temporal patterns, and Associated factors through multivariate logistic regression. Results The overall EIMs prevalence was 37.3%, with CD patients showing higher rates than UC (42.9% vs. 34.4%, P = 0.034). Joint manifestations (21.2%) were most common, with UC patients exhibiting more arthritis/arthralgia (23.7% vs. 16.4%, P = 0.032), while CD patients had significantly higher rates of aphthous ulcer (28.8% vs. 8.4%, P < 0.001). Notably, when excluding aphthous ulcer, UC patients demonstrated higher overall EIMs prevalence (30.2% vs. 21.0%, P = 0.012). EIMs preceded intestinal symptoms in 17.8% of cases. Arthritis/arthralgia showed strong associations with sacroiliitis (OR = 12.3) and erythema nodosum (OR = 10.2). Multivariate analysis revealed female sex (OR = 1.6) and TNF antagonist use (OR = 2.0) as factors associated with EIMs in UC, while immunosuppressant use (OR = 2.5) was associated with EIMs in CD. Conclusions As an autoimmune disease with increasing incidence rate, the extraintestinal manifestations of IBD or the comorbidity of other autoimmune diseases, has not received sufficient attention in Chinese IBD patients. This study reports the prevalence of EIMs in IBD patients from a single Chinese center, demonstrating distinct patterns compared with Western populations. The observed higher prevalence of aphthous ulcer and arthritis/arthralgia may be attributed to the reliance on patient self-reports, which could lead to increased detection rates of these symptoms. The lower prevalence of certain diseases may be due to insufficient attention from patients and healthcare providers. Future nationwide multicenter studies are warranted to refine diagnostic approaches and improve EIMs awareness among Chinese IBD clinicians and patients. Health sciences/Diseases Health sciences/Gastroenterology Health sciences/Medical research Health sciences/Rheumatology inflammatory bowel disease extraintestinal manifestations epidemiology associated factors China Figures Figure 1 1. Background Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic nonspecific disorder that primarily includes ulcerative colitis (UC)and Crohn's disease (CD). Its clinical manifestations encompass abdominal pain, diarrhea, and bloody stools[ 1 ]. The disease impacts not only the gastrointestinal tract but may also affect other organs throughout the body, such as joints, skin, eyes, the hepatobiliary system, lungs, and kidneys[ 2 ]. These systemic manifestations are referred to as extraintestinal manifestations (EIMs) of IBD. These manifestations represent inflammatory conditions occurring outside the intestinal tract in IBD patients. The underlying mechanisms may involve extension or misdirection of intestinal immune responses, or they may develop independently of intestinal inflammation, potentially sharing common environmental or genetic factors with IBD[ 3 ]. Some EIMs can be more harmful than the intestinal disease itself, significantly reducing patients' quality of life and severely affecting their prognosis[ 4 ]. Globally, the number of IBD patients has surpassed 6 million, with incidence rates continuing to rise[ 5 ]. Epidemiological data show that 6 to 47 percent of IBD patients will develop at least one EIM[ 4 ]. A multicenter Asian study found that the overall prevalence of these manifestations among Asian IBD patients was 11.3 percent, significantly lower than the rates reported in Western countries[ 6 ]. Notably, approximately 25.8 percent of patients develop EIMs before their IBD diagnosis[ 7 ]. Patients with IBD frequently develop systemic manifestations involving the joints, skin, and eyes[ 8 ]. Studies indicate that among musculoskeletal manifestations, peripheral arthritis is the most common, with a prevalence of 13% (95% CI: 12%-15%), followed by sacroiliitis (10%, 95% CI: 8%-12%) and ankylosing spondylitis (3%, 95% CI: 2%-4%) [ 9 ]. Cutaneous manifestations are predominantly erythema nodosum, occurring in 4%-15% of CD patients and 2.8%-10% of UC patients[ 10 ]. For ocular involvement, uveitis affects 11.1% of CD patients, a rate significantly higher than the 5.6% observed in UC patients[ 11 ]. European studies have identified several major risk factors: female gender, colonic CD, patients requiring surgical treatment, and smoking[ 12 ]. Since 2020, clinical research data on extraintestinal manifestations in IBD patients in China has remained absent, particularly lacking large-scale systematic studies in the era of biologic therapy. To address this gap, we conducted a retrospective analysis of 649 IBD patients admitted to Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University from 2020 to 2024, focusing on the following aspects: (1) the prevalence characteristics of EIMs in Chinese IBD patients and their distribution differences between UC and CD; (2) the temporal patterns of EIMs onset and their sequential relationship with intestinal symptoms; (3) analysis of relevant factors associated with EIMs development in IBD patients; and (4) correlative features among different EIMs. This study provides new data to enhance the clinical database of EIMs in Chinese IBD patients. 2.Materials and Methods This study is a single-center retrospective investigation conducted by the Department of Gastroenterology at Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, with the primary objective of evaluating EIMs in Chinese patients with inflammatory bowel disease. The research team retrospectively analyzed clinical data from IBD inpatients who were admitted to the Department of Gastroenterology at Xijing Hospital between October 2020 and December 2024. The study subjects were IBD patients admitted to the Department of Gastroenterology at Xijing Hospital between October 2020 and December 2024. Inclusion criteria were: (1) a confirmed diagnosis of IBD (UC/CD) as the primary diagnosis according to the 2023 Chinese National Consensus on the Diagnosis and Treatment of Inflammatory Bowel Disease[ 13 , 14 ]; and (2) age at diagnosis ≥ 16 years, with no gender restrictions. Exclusion criteria included: (1) incomplete clinical records; and (2) uncertain IBD diagnosis or cases where IBD was not the principal diagnosis. This study collected the following data from IBD patients: 1) Demographic characteristics (age, gender, smoking/alcohol history); 2) Disease characteristics (diagnostic classification, disease activity at its most severe and Montreal classification, medication history, surgical history, perianal lesions); 3) EIMs and their time of occurrence. The Montreal classification was used to document lesion location and behavioral characteristics, while endoscopic findings provided objective assessment of disease activity. 2.1. Diagnosis of EIMs The diagnostic criteria for EIMs in IBD patients were defined as follows: joint symptoms (arthritis/arthralgia) and aphthous ulcer were based on patient self-report, while ankylosing spondylitis and sacroiliitis required both characteristic clinical manifestations and imaging findings. Cutaneous manifestations (erythema nodosum, pyoderma gangrenosum, psoriasis) were diagnosed based on typical clinical presentations. Ocular manifestations were confirmed by ophthalmologists. For hepatobiliary involvement, primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) was diagnosed via magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) combined with cholestatic features (elevated liver enzymes, pruritus, etc.), and autoimmune hepatitis required exclusion of other liver diseases, supported by elevated liver enzymes, increased IgG, autoantibodies, and liver biopsy results. Regarding thromboembolic events, deep vein thrombosis was diagnosed based on clinical symptoms (limb swelling, pain) and ultrasound/venography, while pulmonary embolism was confirmed by spiral CT. 2.2Statistics Categorical variables are reported as frequencies (percentages), while continuous variables are summarized as mean ± standard deviation (SD) for normally distributed data or median (interquartile range, IQR) for non-normally distributed data. Group comparisons used χ²/Fisher's exact tests for categorical variables and t-tests/Mann-Whitney U tests for continuous variables. EIMs prevalence was calculated as cases/total patients. Associated factors were analyzed using univariate and multivariate logistic regression, with EIMs co-occurrence assessed by χ² tests. Statistical significance was set at p < 0.05 using SPSS 23.0. 3. Result 3.1. Baseline characteristics of the study population This study included 649 IBD patients, with UC being more prevalent than CD (430 [66.3%] vs. 219 [33.7%]). The median age at diagnosis was 39.0 years (IQR 29.0–53.0), and 64.4% of the cohort were male. A history of IBD-related surgery was reported in 8.3% of patients. TNF antagonists were the most common biologic therapy (51.5%), followed by other biologics (29.6%). Baseline characteristics are summarized in Table 1 . Table 1 Baseline characteristics of 649 patients with inflammatory bowel disease Disease characteristics Clinical diagnosis Ulcerative colitis, n(%) 430(66.3) Crohn’s disease, n(%) 219(33.7) Age at diagnosis in years, M (Q₁, Q₃) 39.00(29.00,53.00) Duration of disease in years, M (Q₁, Q₃) 3.00(1.00,8.00) History of IBD-related surgeries, n(%) 54(8.3) Age, M (Q₁, Q₃) 43.00(33.00,57.00) Gender Male, n(%) 418(64.4) Female, n(%) 231(35.6) History of smoking, n(%) 100(15.4) History of alcohol consumption, n(%) 87(13.4) History of appendicitis surgery, n(%) 42(6.5) Treatment history Glucocorticoids, n(%) 254(39.1) immunosuppressants, n(%) 82(12.6) TNF antagonists, n(%) 334(51.5) Other biologics, n(%) 192(29.6) 3.2. Prevalence of EIMs Among 649 patients, 37.3% of IBD patients developed at least one EIM. The prevalence was significantly higher in CD patients than in UC patients (42.9%vs.34.4%, P = 0.034). Among various EIMs, joint manifestations had the highest prevalence (21.2%), mainly including arthritis/arthralgia (19.0%), ankylosing spondylitis (2.0%), and sacroiliitis (2.8%). The prevalence of joint manifestations in UC patients was significantly higher than that in CD patients (23.7% vs. 16.4%, P = 0.032). Skin manifestations had a prevalence of 3.7%, dominated by erythema nodosum (2.5%); ocular manifestations accounted for 1.8%, primarily uveitis (0.5%) and conjunctivitis (0.8%); hepatobiliary manifestations had a prevalence of 1.7%, with primary sclerosing cholangitis (1.1%) being the most common. Notably, the prevalence of aphthous ulcers in CD patients was significantly higher than that in UC patients (28.8% vs. 8.4%, P < 0.001). When aphthous ulcers were excluded, the prevalence of EIMs in UC patients was higher than that in CD patients (30.2% vs. 21.0%, P = 0.012). The remaining EIMs are presented in Table 2 . Table 2 Frequency and type of extraintestinal manifestations. IBD (n = 649) UC (n = 430) CD (n = 219) χ2 value P value All extraintestinal manifestations ,n(%) 242(37.3) 148(34.4) 94(42.9) 4.487 0.034 Extraintestinal manifestations other than aphthous ulcers, n(%) 176(27.2) 130(30.2) 46(21.0) 6.252 0.012 Joint, n(%) 138(21.2) 102(23.7) 36(16.4) 4.596 0.032 Arthritis/arthralgia, n(%) 123(19.0) 92(21.4) 31(14.2) 4.952 0.026 Ankylosing spondylitis, n(%) 13(2.0) 9(2.1) 4(1.8) - > 0.999 Sacroiliitis, n(%) 18(2.8) 11(2.6) 7(3.2) 0.219 0.640 Eye, n(%) 12(1.8) 11(2.6) 1(0.5) - 0.116 Uveitis, n(%) 3(0.5) 3(0.7) 0 - 0.555 Conjunctivitis, n(%) 5(0.8) 4(0.9) 1(0.5) - 0.668 Central retinal vein obstruction, n(%) 2(0.3) 2(0.5) 0 - 0.552 Other ocular symptoms, n(%) 2(0.3) 2(0.5) 0 - 0.552 Skin, n(%) 24(3.7) 16(3.7) 8(3.7) 0.002 0.965 Pyoderma gangrenosum, n(%) 2(0.3) 2(0.5) 0 - 0.552 Erythema nodosum, n(%) 16(2.5) 12(2.8) 4(1.8) 0.561 0.454 Psoriasis, n(%) 8(1.2) 3(0.7) 5(2.3) - 0.176 Aphthous ulcers, n(%) 99(15.3) 36(8.4) 63(28.8) 46.688 < 0.001 Hepatobiliary, n(%) 11(1.7) 10(2.3) 1(0.5) - 0.155 Primary sclerosing cholangitis, n(%) 7(1.1) 6(1.4) 1(0.5) - 0.433 Autoimmune hepatitis, n(%) 4(0.6) 4(0.9) 0 - 0.306 Venous thromboembolic events, n(%) 20(3.1) 15(3.5) 5(2.3) 0.706 0.401 The epidemiological features of EIMs in Chinese IBD patients demonstrate distinct patterns compared to Western populations[ 1 , 15 – 17 ]. Specifically, skin manifestations including erythema nodosum and pyoderma gangrenosum show significantly lower prevalence rates, as do ocular manifestations such as uveitis and episcleritis. In contrast, aphthous ulcers occurs more frequently in our patient cohort. These prevalence characteristics align more closely with data from other Asian nations than with Western reports[ 18 , 19 ]. In terms of the number of EIMs(Fig. 1), the majority of patients (26.8%) presented with only one extraintestinal manifestation, while a minority (10.5%) had two or more EIMs, accounting for 28.1% of those with extraintestinal manifestations. Additionally, we found patients with up to four extraintestinal manifestations. 3.3. Time to onset of EIMs A total of 242 patients presented with EIMs, among whom 197 had documented onset times of EIMs. Comparing the time of the first extraintestinal manifestation with the onset of initial intestinal symptoms, 35 cases (17.8%) occurred before intestinal symptoms, 39 cases (19.8%) developed simultaneously with intestinal symptoms, and the majority of EIMs(62.4%)occurred after the onset of intestinal symptoms. 3.4. Associated factors analysis for EIMs in IBD Patients Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were conducted for associated factors of EIMs in patients with UC and CD(Table 3 , Table 4 ). For UC, multivariate regression showed significant differences in gender (P = 0.022, OR = 1.638) and TNF antagonist use (P = 0.002, OR = 1.972) between groups with and without EIMs. For CD, multivariate regression indicated that only immunosuppressant use (P = 0.017, OR = 2.524) differed significantly between the two groups. Table 3 Analysis of associated factors for extraintestinal manifestations in Crohn's disease EIMs group(+) (n = 94) EIMs group(-) (n = 125) Univariate logistics regression analysis Multivariate logistics regression analysis P-value P-value OR 95%CI Gender, n(%) 0.713 Man 64(68.1) 88(70.4) Woman 30(31.9) 37(29.6) History of smoking, n(%) 0.009 0.092 2.624 0.854–8.066 Yes 22(23.4) 13(10.4) No 72(76.6) 112(89.6) History of alcohol consumption, n(%) 0.042 0.905 0.928 0.273–3.153 Yes 18(19.1) 12(9.6) No 76(80.9) 113(90.4) Duration of disease in years, M (Q₁, Q₃) 4.00(1.00,8.00) 3.00(1.00,6.00) 0.635 Age at diagnosis, M (Q₁, Q₃) 37.00(27.00,52.00) 30.00(21.00,44.00) 0.010 0.134 1.016 0.995–1.036 History of appendicitis surgery, n(%) 0.786 Yes 14(14.9) 17(13.6) No 80(85.1) 108(86.4) IBD-related surgeries, n(%) 0.704 Yes 20(21.3) 24(19.2) No 74(78.7) 101(80.8) Perianal disease, n(%) 0.991 Yes 24(25.6) 32(25.6) No 70(74.5) 93(74.4) Disease activity, n(%) 0.093 light 9(9.6) 21(16.8) middle 33(35.1) 52(41.6) heavy 52(55.3) 52(41.6) CD lesion location, n(%) 0.401 L1 35(37.2) 53(42.4) L2 22(23.4) 34(27.2) L3 34(36.2) 37(29.6) L4 3(3.2) 1(0.8) CD disease behavior, n(%) 0.815 B1 51(54.3) 65(52.0) B2 34(36.2) 50(40.0) B3 9(9.6) 10(8.0) Age at diagnosis of CD, n(%) 0.468 A1 1(1.1) 2(1.6) A2 55(58.5) 83(66.4) A3 38(40.4) 40(32.0) Use of glucocorticoids, n(%) 0.005 0.093 1.747 0.911–3.348 Yes 40(42.6) 31(24.8) No 54(57.4) 94(75.2) Use of immunosuppressants, n(%) 0.001 0.017 2.524 1.181–5.396 Yes 29(30.1) 16(12.8) No 65(69.1) 109(87.2) Use of TNF antagonists, n(%) 0.191 Yes 55(58.5) 62(49.6) No 39(41.5) 63(50.4) Use of other biologics, n(%) 0.943 Yes 29(30.9) 38(30.4) No 65(69.1) 87(69.6) Table 4 Analysis of associated factors for extraintestinal manifestations in ulcerative colitis EIMs group(+) (n = 148) EIMs group(-) (n = 282) Univariate logistics regression analysis Multivariate logistics regression analysis P-value P-value OR 95%CI Gender, n(%) 0.027 0.022 1.638 1.074–2.498 Man 81(54.7) 185(65.6) Woman 67(45.2) 97(34.4) History of smoking, n(%) 0.501 Yes 20(13.5) 45(16.0) No 128(86.5) 237(84.0) History of alcohol consumption, n(%) 0.909 Yes 20(13.5) 37(13.1) No 128(86.5) 245(86.9) Duration of disease in years, M (Q₁, Q₃) 5.00(2.00,10.00) 3.00(1.00,8.00) 0.030 0.081 1.029 0.996–1.063 Age at diagnosis, M (Q₁, Q₃) 41.00(30.00,50.50) 43.00(32.00,55.00) 0.048 0.116 0.988 0.973–1.003 History of appendicitis surgery, n(%) 0.081 Yes 7(4.7) 4(1.4) No 141(95.3) 278(98.6) IBD-related surgeries, n(%) 0.476 Yes 5(3.4) 5(1.8) No 143(96.6) 277(98.2) Disease activity, n(%) 0.255 light 5(3.4) 14(5.0) middle 40(27.0) 94(33.3) heavy 103(69.6) 174(61.7) UC lesion location, n(%) 0.339 E1 20(13.5) 54(19.1) E2 43(29.1) 77(27.3) E3 85(57.4) 151(53.5) Use of glucocorticoids, n(%) 0.024 0.142 1.371 0.899–2.091 Yes 74(50.0) 109(38.7) No 74(50.0) 173(61.3) Use of immunosuppressants, n(%) 0.057 Yes 18(12.2) 19(6.7) No 130(87.8) 263(93.3) Use of TNF antagonists, n(%) < 0.001 0.002 1.972 1.289–3.017 Yes 54(36.5) 159(56.4) No 94(63.5) 123(43.6) Use of other biologics, n(%) 0.651 Yes 41(27.7) 84(29.8) No 107(72.3) 198(70.2) Overall, UC patients with EIMs were predominantly female and users of TNF antagonists (either before or after EIMs onset), while CD patients with EIMs more frequently used immunosuppressants (either before or after EIMs onset). 3.5. Correlation between different EIMs The development of one EIM appears to increase the susceptibility to develop other EIM. Analysis of associations between EIMs in patients with IBD showed significant correlations among multiple EIMs (Table 5 ). Specifically, arthritis/arthralgia was significantly associated with sacroiliitis (OR = 12.315), erythema nodosum (OR = 10.234), aphthous ulcers (OR = 1.746), and venous thromboembolism (OR = 3.696). No significant correlations were found among other EIMs. Table 5 Analysis of associations with common extraintestinal manifestations Ankylosing spondylitis Sacroiliitis Erythema nodosum Aphthous ulcer Venous thromboembolic events - + OR,CI - + OR,CI - + OR,CI - + OR,CI - + OR,CI Arthritis/arthralgia- 516 10 1.290 0.350–4.759 521 5 12.315 4.302–35.251 521 5 10.234 3.487–30.035 456 70 1.746 1.058–2.881 515 11 3.696 1.497–9.128 Arthritis/arthralgia+ 120 3 110 13 112 11 97 26 114 9 Ankylosing spondylitis- 620 16 NA 541 95 0.475 0.061–3.692 616 20 NA Ankylosing spondylitis+ 13 0 12 1 13 0 Sacroiliitis- 616 15 2.416 0.302–19.352 540 91 2.282 0.795–6.555 612 19 1.895 0.240-14.983 Sacroiliitis+ 17 1 13 5 17 1 Erythema nodosum- 539 94 1.203 0.267–5.414 613 20 NA Erythema nodosum+ 14 2 16 0 Aphthous ulcer- 533 20 NA Aphthous ulcer + 96 0 4.Discussion This retrospective study of 649 Chinese IBD patients identified key epidemiological characteristics of EIMs, with an overall prevalence of 37.3% (CD 42.9% vs UC 34.4%). Arthritis/arthralgia and aphthous ulcers emerged as the most prevalent EIMs. Notably, 17.8% of EIMs manifested prior to intestinal symptoms, while arthritis/arthralgia showed significant associations with other EIMs. These findings not only demonstrate distinct patterns compared to Western populations but also establish a foundation for investigating EIMs pathogenesis and optimizing clinical management approaches. The overall prevalence of EIMs in our cohort was 37.3%, comparable to reports from Swiss and Greek studies[ 15 , 17 ]. The results showed that the incidence of EIMs was significantly higher in CD patients than in UC patients, a trend consistent with reports from other regions[ 6 , 17 ]. This suggests that the apparent higher overall EIMs prevalence in CD patients is primarily driven by the high incidence of aphthous ulcer in this population. Interestingly, Middle Eastern studies report higher EIM prevalence in UC patients [ 20 ], suggesting possible regional variations. Although the overall prevalence of EIMs was similar, the prevalence rates of specific EIMs varied. Our center observed higher prevalence rates of arthritis/arthralgia and aphthous ulcer compared to Western countries[ 15 – 17 ]. We analyzed potential reasons for this difference, which may be attributed to our reliance more on patients' subjective reports for diagnosing these two conditions. In contrast, the prevalence of pyoderma gangrenosum, uveitis, and scleritis was lower, with no cases of scleritis identified in our cohort. These findings may reflect the actual lower incidence of these conditions or could be related to insufficient clinical attention, leading to delayed diagnosis and treatment. For hepatobiliary manifestations, the prevalence of primary sclerosing cholangitis was also low, likely due to its typically insidious early symptoms (e.g., mild fatigue or abnormal liver function), making it easily overlooked. Additionally, the diagnosis of primary sclerosing cholangitis relies on MRCP or liver biopsy, and the accessibility of these tests and patient compliance may affect early diagnosis rates[ 9 ]. In terms of disease subtype distribution, the study found that joint manifestations (23.7% vs. 16.4%) were more common in UC patients, whereas aphthous ulcer occurred significantly more frequently in CD patients (28.8% vs. 8.4%). This phenomenon may reflect fundamental differences in the pathogenesis of the two disease subtypes. For other EIMs, no significant differences were observed between disease subtypes, a result that may be related to the limited sample size of this study and requires further validation in larger-scale research. Regarding temporal characteristics, the study found that 17.8% of patients experienced EIMs symptoms before the onset of gastrointestinal symptoms. This proportion was lower than that reported in similar Swiss studies, potentially due to the following reasons[ 7 ]: first, the retrospective design of this study may have introduced recall bias; second, clinicians' recognition and documentation of EIMs may have been insufficient. Nevertheless, this finding holds important clinical significance, suggesting that when patients present with unexplained arthritis, skin lesions, or liver abnormalities, clinicians should remain vigilant and consider the possibility of underlying IBD, recommending appropriate gastrointestinal symptom screening and follow-up monitoring. Consistent with most research findings, our study observed a significantly higher prevalence of EIMs in female and CD patients[ 21 , 22 ]. Notably, we identified significant associations between specific drug therapies and EIMs occurrence: immunosuppressant use in CD patients (OR = 2.524) and TNF antagonist use in UC patients (OR = 1.972). A study by Fengming Yi et al conducted in central China also reported similar drug-related patterns[ 23 ]. This phenomenon may carry dual clinical implications: it could reflect either the therapeutic application of these drugs for EIMs or indicate that patients requiring these treatments had higher baseline disease activity. Importantly, due to study design limitations, the current data cannot definitively establish the temporal sequence between drug therapy and EIMs onset, necessitating further clarification of this causal relationship through rigorously designed prospective studies. This study revealed significant associations between arthritis/arthralgia and certain extraintestinal manifestations, with the most prominent correlations observed with sacroiliitis and erythema nodosum. Such clustering of clinical manifestations suggests potential shared immunological mechanisms that warrant further investigation[ 17 ].While EIMs are currently classified into four main categories [ 24 ], this study focused on the more prevalent EIMs in IBD patients, specifically examining classic distal inflammatory manifestations including spondyloarthritis, cutaneous lesions, and ocular involvement, as well as systemic inflammatory complications such as venous thromboembolism. Based on considerations of clinical incidence and diagnostic feasibility, the research excluded rare extraintestinal manifestations associated with other immune-mediated diseases (e.g., multiple sclerosis and interstitial lung disease) along with treatment-related adverse events. This study provides crucial insights for EIMs management in Chinese IBD patients. First, clinical practice should emphasize EIMs screening, particularly for manifestations with higher prevalence in the Chinese population. Second, standardized diagnostic protocols must be established to reduce underdiagnosis. Finally, healthcare provider and patient education should be enhanced to improve EIMs awareness. However, this study has several limitations. First, the retrospective design may introduce information bias, especially since the diagnosis of EIMs partially relied on patients' subjective reports, potentially affecting data accuracy. Second, the single-center design may limit the generalizability of the results, necessitating further validation through multicenter, prospective studies. Third, the low detection rate of some rare EIMs (e.g., scleritis) may be constrained by sample size and follow-up duration; longer-term observation or larger-scale studies would help provide a more comprehensive assessment of their true incidence. Finally, the exclusive inclusion of hospitalized patients due to data completeness considerations may have introduced selection bias in the prevalence estimates. Future large-scale, nationwide multicenter studies are urgently warranted to systematically optimize diagnostic approaches and significantly enhance clinical vigilance, with the ultimate goal of achieving timely detection and precision management of EIMs in Chinese patients with IBD. These comprehensive studies should focus on standardizing diagnostic criteria, improving early recognition, and establishing evidence-based management protocols tailored to the unique characteristics of EIMs in this specific patient population. 5.Conclusion Chinese IBD patients exhibit distinct characteristics of EIMs. This study found significantly higher prevalence rates of aphthous ulcers (15.3%) and joint symptoms (21.2%) compared to Western data, potentially attributable to the patient self-reporting methodology; while lower incidence of conditions like pyoderma gangrenosum may reflect ethnic differences or diagnostic gaps. Notably, 17.8% of EIMs preceded intestinal symptoms, demonstrating important early warning value. We recommend establishing multidisciplinary management models, enhancing physician training and patient education, with future multicenter nationwide studies needed to further validate these findings. Abbreviations IBD: Inflammatory bowel disease UC: Ulcerative colitis CD: Crohn's disease EIMs: Extraintestinal manifestations TNF: Tumor necrosis factor MRCP: Magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography PSC: Primary sclerosing cholangitis IgG: Immunoglobulin G CT: Computed tomography SD: Standard deviation IQR: Interquartile range OR: Odds ratio CI: Confidence interval Declarations Ethics approval and consent to participate This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of Xijing Hospital (Approval No. XJLL-KY-20252189) and conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki. The requirement for informed consent was waived due to the retrospective nature of the study using anonymized clinical data. Competing interests All authors declare that they have no competing interests. Funding This research received no specific grant from any funding agency in the public, commercial, or not-for-profit sectors. Author Contribution L.Z. and J.L. conceived and designed the study. L.Z., J.Z., Z.F., J.H., T.W., H.Z., and Y.S. collected the clinical data. L.Z. and J.Z. performed statistical analysis. L.Z. drafted the initial manuscript. J.L. and K.W. supervised the research and critically revised the manuscript for important intellectual content. All authors reviewed and approved the final version of the manuscript. Acknowledgements We thank the medical staff of Xijing Hospital for their support in data collection. Data Availability The datasets used and analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request. References Alizadeh M, Motwani K, Siaton B C, et al. Factors Associated With Extraintestinal Manifestations of Inflammatory Bowel Disease in SPARC-IBD [J]. Inflamm Bowel Dis, 2024, 30(11): 2027-36. Ott C, Schölmerich J. Extraintestinal manifestations and complications in IBD [J]. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol, 2013, 10(10): 585-95. Hedin C R H, Vavricka S R, Stagg A J, et al. The Pathogenesis of Extraintestinal Manifestations: Implications for IBD Research, Diagnosis, and Therapy [J]. J Crohns Colitis, 2019, 13(5): 541-54. Rogler G, Singh A, Kavanaugh A, et al. Extraintestinal Manifestations of Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Current Concepts, Treatment, and Implications for Disease Management [J]. Gastroenterology, 2021, 161(4): 1118-32. The global, regional, and national burden of inflammatory bowel disease in 195 countries and territories, 1990-2017: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017 [J]. Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol, 2020, 5(1): 17-30. Park S K, Wong Z, Park S H, et al. Extraintestinal manifestation of inflammatory bowel disease in Asian patients: A multinational study [J]. Dig Liver Dis, 2021, 53(2): 196-201. Vavricka S R, Rogler G, Gantenbein C, et al. Chronological Order of Appearance of Extraintestinal Manifestations Relative to the Time of IBD Diagnosis in the Swiss Inflammatory Bowel Disease Cohort [J]. Inflamm Bowel Dis, 2015, 21(8): 1794-800. Jansen F M, Vavricka S R, den Broeder A A, et al. Clinical management of the most common extra-intestinal manifestations in patients with inflammatory bowel disease focused on the joints, skin and eyes [J]. United European Gastroenterol J, 2020, 8(9): 1031-44. Lunder A K, Hov J R, Borthne A, et al. Prevalence of Sclerosing Cholangitis Detected by Magnetic Resonance Cholangiography in Patients With Long-term Inflammatory Bowel Disease [J]. Gastroenterology, 2016, 151(4): 660-9.e4. Peyrin-Biroulet L, Van Assche G, Gómez-Ulloa D, et al. Systematic Review of Tumor Necrosis Factor Antagonists in Extraintestinal Manifestations in Inflammatory Bowel Disease [J]. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol, 2017, 15(1): 25-36.e27. Biedermann L, Renz L, Fournier N, et al. Uveitis manifestations in patients of the Swiss Inflammatory Bowel Disease Cohort Study [J]. Therap Adv Gastroenterol, 2019, 12: 1756284819865142. Khrom M, Long M, Dube S, et al. Comprehensive Association Analyses of Extraintestinal Manifestations in Inflammatory Bowel Disease [J]. Gastroenterology, 2024, 167(2): 315-32. Inflammatory Bowel Disease Group C S o G, Chinese Medical Association, China I B D Q C C o. 中国溃疡性结肠炎诊治指南（2023年·西安） [J]. 胃肠病学, 2024, 29(03): 145-73. Inflammatory Bowel Disease Group C S o G, Chinese Medical Association, China I B D Q C C o. 中国克罗恩病诊治指南（2023年·广州） [J]. 胃肠病学, 2024, 29(04): 200-35. Karmiris K, Avgerinos A, Tavernaraki A, et al. Prevalence and Characteristics of Extra-intestinal Manifestations in a Large Cohort of Greek Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease [J]. J Crohns Colitis, 2016, 10(4): 429-36. Zippi M, Corrado C, Pica R, et al. Extraintestinal manifestations in a large series of Italian inflammatory bowel disease patients [J]. World J Gastroenterol, 2014, 20(46): 17463-7. Vavricka S R, Brun L, Ballabeni P, et al. Frequency and risk factors for extraintestinal manifestations in the Swiss inflammatory bowel disease cohort [J]. Am J Gastroenterol, 2011, 106(1): 110-9. Yang B R, Choi N K, Kim M S, et al. Prevalence of extraintestinal manifestations in Korean inflammatory bowel disease patients [J]. PLoS One, 2018, 13(7): e0200363. Ohta Y, Taida T, Kato J, et al. Clinical Features Focusing on Extraintestinal Manifestations in Japanese Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Diseases: Far East 1000 [J]. Digestion, 2023, 104(4): 328-34. Adam H, Alqassas M, Saadah O I, et al. Extraintestinal Manifestations of Inflammatory Bowel Disease in Middle Eastern Patients [J]. J Epidemiol Glob Health, 2020, 10(4): 298-303. Bernstein C N, Blanchard J F, Rawsthorne P, et al. The prevalence of extraintestinal diseases in inflammatory bowel disease: a population-based study [J]. Am J Gastroenterol, 2001, 96(4): 1116-22. Lakatos L, Pandur T, David G, et al. Association of extraintestinal manifestations of inflammatory bowel disease in a province of western Hungary with disease phenotype: results of a 25-year follow-up study [J]. World J Gastroenterol, 2003, 9(10): 2300-7. Yi F, Chen M, Huang M, et al. The trend in newly diagnosed Crohn's disease and extraintestinal manifestations of Crohn's disease in central China: a retrospective study of a single center [J]. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol, 2012, 24(12): 1424-9. Gordon H, Burisch J, Ellul P, et al. ECCO Guidelines on Extraintestinal Manifestations in Inflammatory Bowel Disease [J]. J Crohns Colitis, 2024, 18(1): 1-37. Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Supplementary Files Supplement.docx Cite Share Download PDF Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. Our growing team is made up of researchers and industry professionals working together to solve the most critical problems facing scientific publishing. Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-7809551","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":540069748,"identity":"6b4875cf-65c4-406c-8804-6dd7fa1d3685","order_by":0,"name":"Liuqing Zhao","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Fourth Military Medical University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Liuqing","middleName":"","lastName":"Zhao","suffix":""},{"id":540069749,"identity":"b7b3450b-99a7-428d-8621-5a98472fe802","order_by":1,"name":"Jiaqi Zhang","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Fourth Military Medical University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Jiaqi","middleName":"","lastName":"Zhang","suffix":""},{"id":540069750,"identity":"d2646967-c096-450d-86ed-cdfaeda16d71","order_by":2,"name":"Zhenzhen Fan","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Fourth Military Medical University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Zhenzhen","middleName":"","lastName":"Fan","suffix":""},{"id":540069751,"identity":"3c931ec1-bb57-45eb-9524-3d94eda980b3","order_by":3,"name":"JinDan He","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Fourth Military Medical University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"JinDan","middleName":"","lastName":"He","suffix":""},{"id":540069753,"identity":"b63aecb5-c46c-4953-9c2a-25870facf043","order_by":4,"name":"Tong Wu","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Fourth Military Medical University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Tong","middleName":"","lastName":"Wu","suffix":""},{"id":540069754,"identity":"0c4420c2-a9f4-4822-9096-4d867310ec98","order_by":5,"name":"He Zhou","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Fourth Military Medical University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"He","middleName":"","lastName":"Zhou","suffix":""},{"id":540069756,"identity":"8c0a78c8-f191-472f-9bf5-3e6216b69f01","order_by":6,"name":"Yanting Shi","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Fourth Military Medical University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Yanting","middleName":"","lastName":"Shi","suffix":""},{"id":540069757,"identity":"c6f7c2bf-3cac-4f5e-8da7-903a0a612b00","order_by":7,"name":"Kaichun Wu","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Fourth Military Medical University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Kaichun","middleName":"","lastName":"Wu","suffix":""},{"id":540069759,"identity":"b72262e4-6b86-4f61-a6cf-b7407b0ef5db","order_by":8,"name":"Jie Liang","email":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAAA2UlEQVRIiWNgGAWjYBACPmYQySPBwM98ACzA2EBICxtMi2RbArFaYAyDY0RrYWd+9vCLjIWc8THu1M08DDayGw4wP3uA32Fs5sYyPBLGZsd4t93mYUgz3nCAzdwAvxYGM2kJHonEbfd7QVoOJ244wMMmgV8L+zeQlvrNbWBb/hOjhcdM8gOPRIIBG1jLAaK0lEkDA9lwBtAvN+cYJBvPPMxmhlcLP//xbZI/e+rk+YEOu/Gmwk6273jzM7xaQICZtwfGBAUVMyH1QMD44wcRqkbBKBgFo2DkAgBHzz4UMkx8EgAAAABJRU5ErkJggg==","orcid":"","institution":"Fourth Military Medical University","correspondingAuthor":true,"prefix":"","firstName":"Jie","middleName":"","lastName":"Liang","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2025-10-08 15:38:28","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":"","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-7809551/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-7809551/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":95502374,"identity":"6bcecf77-2971-4fb8-8ad4-e7308031bce0","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-11-10 05:36:07","extension":"tiff","order_by":0,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":61598,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"NumberofExtraintestinalManifestationsinCrohnsDiseaseandUlcerativeColitisPatients.tiff","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7809551/v1/c46e5553e5099b39a171fcdd.tiff"},{"id":95502376,"identity":"94fcdf53-3dc5-4895-9f14-8c6ce33fc4b7","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-11-10 05:36:07","extension":"docx","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":87842,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"ArticleFinal.docx","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7809551/v1/4e305156d758e58179e813e8.docx"},{"id":95528554,"identity":"47c3d245-1d5c-4c6d-b34a-3a21c4c624b1","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-11-10 10:16:16","extension":"docx","order_by":2,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":27158,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Table3.docx","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7809551/v1/bfe2c5374ab90ff5fe1c1414.docx"},{"id":95528744,"identity":"b1dbd9bc-4770-4e39-9f5f-0fc3741eae22","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-11-10 10:16:27","extension":"docx","order_by":3,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":24657,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Table4.docx","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7809551/v1/81707bf1d23333e3d208e7db.docx"},{"id":95528285,"identity":"36517ad8-96fb-411c-b357-3adcaf5dc6e9","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-11-10 10:15:50","extension":"docx","order_by":4,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":19820,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Table5.docx","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7809551/v1/2444f0c862cf5b7fd06343b1.docx"},{"id":95529095,"identity":"263c2395-8c11-4431-b2f1-a8d6c694838b","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-11-10 10:16:46","extension":"docx","order_by":5,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":15498,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Table1.docx","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7809551/v1/47763deda50fb25f381fe613.docx"},{"id":95528545,"identity":"cf58e2be-4b24-4735-a3fb-6b6fa95182ad","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-11-10 10:16:15","extension":"docx","order_by":6,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":21210,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Table2.docx","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7809551/v1/3262017f98da888f692a24da.docx"},{"id":95502383,"identity":"509f0b47-782b-4f25-86b8-4d1b2ffd5689","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-11-10 05:36:07","extension":"json","order_by":7,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":10598,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"7c45ad32e45f4dc4ae850e42f77154ce.json","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7809551/v1/0029a22aaef64e645d820362.json"},{"id":95502384,"identity":"e5dc3a2b-d90f-456f-a689-3cb2ad75afb2","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-11-10 05:36:07","extension":"docx","order_by":8,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":162916,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Supplement.docx","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7809551/v1/08e52ef999e26ab842459227.docx"},{"id":95502387,"identity":"7f42e3c2-e341-4b8f-8a9c-f4c09146266e","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-11-10 05:36:07","extension":"xml","order_by":9,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":138936,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"7c45ad32e45f4dc4ae850e42f77154ce1enriched.xml","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7809551/v1/a0cbf3ae0de46f20718a5782.xml"},{"id":95502382,"identity":"f5912e6e-9314-42a8-baf6-1ef0ca51f43f","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-11-10 05:36:07","extension":"tiff","order_by":10,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":61598,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"NumberofExtraintestinalManifestationsinCrohnsDiseaseandUlcerativeColitisPatients.tiff","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7809551/v1/96264e75cc8257d015307492.tiff"},{"id":95528638,"identity":"f8cc62d1-29de-4352-97e5-efd41e2993ef","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-11-10 10:16:21","extension":"png","order_by":11,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":7686,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"OnlineNumberofExtraintestinalManifestationsinCrohnsDiseaseandUlcerativeColitisPatients.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7809551/v1/cdf0ecf08971613a8932ef91.png"},{"id":95529297,"identity":"53798ec3-c088-40e3-9e60-9eae8275aedb","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-11-10 10:16:57","extension":"xml","order_by":12,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":137187,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"7c45ad32e45f4dc4ae850e42f77154ce1structuring.xml","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7809551/v1/244bda5b5ed5f3530ef6d104.xml"},{"id":95502386,"identity":"6a859294-943e-42c7-9d42-8086d801cb0d","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-11-10 05:36:07","extension":"html","order_by":13,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":144515,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"earlyproof.html","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7809551/v1/ce5fe2683ffb5fc33ce686f2.html"},{"id":95502373,"identity":"26aac82c-8d1e-4ea2-88b6-d013d715ffc9","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-11-10 05:36:07","extension":"png","order_by":1,"title":"Figure 1","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":31818,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003eLegend not included with this version.\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"NumberofExtraintestinalManifestationsinCrohnsDiseaseandUlcerativeColitisPatients.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7809551/v1/3d06f7ef84057161e1d8ee74.png"},{"id":96779784,"identity":"520774dd-0859-4efa-9cc3-a5255f65dae8","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-11-26 04:08:46","extension":"pdf","order_by":0,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":1418719,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"manuscript.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7809551/v1/1f22fcd3-cdab-4f34-a29a-179879773c9c.pdf"},{"id":95502378,"identity":"ba1396e0-e690-46d0-bc5c-abb324514d65","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-11-10 05:36:07","extension":"docx","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"supplement","size":162916,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Supplement.docx","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7809551/v1/46572067c3cf893dbbf196d7.docx"}],"financialInterests":"No competing interests reported.","formattedTitle":"Epidemiology of Extraintestinal Manifestations in Chinese Inflammatory Bowel Disease Patients: A Single-Center Retrospective Study","fulltext":[{"header":"1. Background","content":"\u003cp\u003eInflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic nonspecific disorder that primarily includes ulcerative colitis (UC)and Crohn's disease (CD). Its clinical manifestations encompass abdominal pain, diarrhea, and bloody stools[\u003cspan citationid=\"CR1\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e]. The disease impacts not only the gastrointestinal tract but may also affect other organs throughout the body, such as joints, skin, eyes, the hepatobiliary system, lungs, and kidneys[\u003cspan citationid=\"CR2\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e]. These systemic manifestations are referred to as extraintestinal manifestations (EIMs) of IBD. These manifestations represent inflammatory conditions occurring outside the intestinal tract in IBD patients. The underlying mechanisms may involve extension or misdirection of intestinal immune responses, or they may develop independently of intestinal inflammation, potentially sharing common environmental or genetic factors with IBD[\u003cspan citationid=\"CR3\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e3\u003c/span\u003e]. Some EIMs can be more harmful than the intestinal disease itself, significantly reducing patients' quality of life and severely affecting their prognosis[\u003cspan citationid=\"CR4\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e4\u003c/span\u003e].\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eGlobally, the number of IBD patients has surpassed 6\u0026nbsp;million, with incidence rates continuing to rise[\u003cspan citationid=\"CR5\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e5\u003c/span\u003e]. Epidemiological data show that 6 to 47 percent of IBD patients will develop at least one EIM[\u003cspan citationid=\"CR4\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e4\u003c/span\u003e]. A multicenter Asian study found that the overall prevalence of these manifestations among Asian IBD patients was 11.3 percent, significantly lower than the rates reported in Western countries[\u003cspan citationid=\"CR6\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e6\u003c/span\u003e]. Notably, approximately 25.8 percent of patients develop EIMs before their IBD diagnosis[\u003cspan citationid=\"CR7\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e7\u003c/span\u003e]. Patients with IBD frequently develop systemic manifestations involving the joints, skin, and eyes[\u003cspan citationid=\"CR8\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e8\u003c/span\u003e]. Studies indicate that among musculoskeletal manifestations, peripheral arthritis is the most common, with a prevalence of 13% (95% CI: 12%-15%), followed by sacroiliitis (10%, 95% CI: 8%-12%) and ankylosing spondylitis (3%, 95% CI: 2%-4%) [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR9\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e9\u003c/span\u003e]. Cutaneous manifestations are predominantly erythema nodosum, occurring in 4%-15% of CD patients and 2.8%-10% of UC patients[\u003cspan citationid=\"CR10\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e10\u003c/span\u003e]. For ocular involvement, uveitis affects 11.1% of CD patients, a rate significantly higher than the 5.6% observed in UC patients[\u003cspan citationid=\"CR11\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e11\u003c/span\u003e]. European studies have identified several major risk factors: female gender, colonic CD, patients requiring surgical treatment, and smoking[\u003cspan citationid=\"CR12\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e12\u003c/span\u003e].\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eSince 2020, clinical research data on extraintestinal manifestations in IBD patients in China has remained absent, particularly lacking large-scale systematic studies in the era of biologic therapy. To address this gap, we conducted a retrospective analysis of 649 IBD patients admitted to Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University from 2020 to 2024, focusing on the following aspects: (1) the prevalence characteristics of EIMs in Chinese IBD patients and their distribution differences between UC and CD; (2) the temporal patterns of EIMs onset and their sequential relationship with intestinal symptoms; (3) analysis of relevant factors associated with EIMs development in IBD patients; and (4) correlative features among different EIMs. This study provides new data to enhance the clinical database of EIMs in Chinese IBD patients.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"2.Materials and Methods","content":"\u003cp\u003eThis study is a single-center retrospective investigation conducted by the Department of Gastroenterology at Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, with the primary objective of evaluating EIMs in Chinese patients with inflammatory bowel disease. The research team retrospectively analyzed clinical data from IBD inpatients who were admitted to the Department of Gastroenterology at Xijing Hospital between October 2020 and December 2024.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe study subjects were IBD patients admitted to the Department of Gastroenterology at Xijing Hospital between October 2020 and December 2024. Inclusion criteria were: (1) a confirmed diagnosis of IBD (UC/CD) as the primary diagnosis according to the 2023 Chinese National Consensus on the Diagnosis and Treatment of Inflammatory Bowel Disease[\u003cspan citationid=\"CR13\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e13\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR14\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e14\u003c/span\u003e]; and (2) age at diagnosis\u0026thinsp;\u0026ge;\u0026thinsp;16 years, with no gender restrictions. Exclusion criteria included: (1) incomplete clinical records; and (2) uncertain IBD diagnosis or cases where IBD was not the principal diagnosis.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThis study collected the following data from IBD patients: 1) Demographic characteristics (age, gender, smoking/alcohol history); 2) Disease characteristics (diagnostic classification, disease activity at its most severe and Montreal classification, medication history, surgical history, perianal lesions); 3) EIMs and their time of occurrence. The Montreal classification was used to document lesion location and behavioral characteristics, while endoscopic findings provided objective assessment of disease activity.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cdiv id=\"Sec3\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e\u003ch2\u003e2.1. Diagnosis of EIMs\u003c/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe diagnostic criteria for EIMs in IBD patients were defined as follows: joint symptoms (arthritis/arthralgia) and aphthous ulcer were based on patient self-report, while ankylosing spondylitis and sacroiliitis required both characteristic clinical manifestations and imaging findings. Cutaneous manifestations (erythema nodosum, pyoderma gangrenosum, psoriasis) were diagnosed based on typical clinical presentations. Ocular manifestations were confirmed by ophthalmologists. For hepatobiliary involvement, primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) was diagnosed via magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) combined with cholestatic features (elevated liver enzymes, pruritus, etc.), and autoimmune hepatitis required exclusion of other liver diseases, supported by elevated liver enzymes, increased IgG, autoantibodies, and liver biopsy results. Regarding thromboembolic events, deep vein thrombosis was diagnosed based on clinical symptoms (limb swelling, pain) and ultrasound/venography, while pulmonary embolism was confirmed by spiral CT.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv id=\"Sec4\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e\u003ch2\u003e2.2Statistics\u003c/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eCategorical variables are reported as frequencies (percentages), while continuous variables are summarized as mean\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;standard deviation (SD) for normally distributed data or median (interquartile range, IQR) for non-normally distributed data. Group comparisons used χ\u0026sup2;/Fisher's exact tests for categorical variables and t-tests/Mann-Whitney U tests for continuous variables. EIMs prevalence was calculated as cases/total patients. Associated factors were analyzed using univariate and multivariate logistic regression, with EIMs co-occurrence assessed by χ\u0026sup2; tests. Statistical significance was set at p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.05 using SPSS 23.0.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e"},{"header":"3. Result","content":"\u003cdiv id=\"Sec6\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e\u003ch2\u003e3.1. Baseline characteristics of the study population\u003c/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eThis study included 649 IBD patients, with UC being more prevalent than CD (430 [66.3%] vs. 219 [33.7%]). The median age at diagnosis was 39.0 years (IQR 29.0\u0026ndash;53.0), and 64.4% of the cohort were male. A history of IBD-related surgery was reported in 8.3% of patients. TNF antagonists were the most common biologic therapy (51.5%), followed by other biologics (29.6%). Baseline characteristics are summarized in Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab1\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab1\" border=\"1\"\u003e\u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 1\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eBaseline characteristics of 649 patients with inflammatory bowel disease\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/caption\u003e\u003ccolgroup cols=\"2\"\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cthead\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eDisease characteristics\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/th\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003c/thead\u003e\u003ctbody\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eClinical diagnosis\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eUlcerative colitis, n(%)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e430(66.3)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eCrohn\u0026rsquo;s disease, n(%)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e219(33.7)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eAge at diagnosis in years, M (Q₁, Q₃)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e39.00(29.00,53.00)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eDuration of disease in years, M (Q₁, Q₃)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e3.00(1.00,8.00)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eHistory of IBD-related surgeries, n(%)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e54(8.3)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eAge, M (Q₁, Q₃)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e43.00(33.00,57.00)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eGender\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eMale, n(%)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e418(64.4)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eFemale, n(%)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e231(35.6)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eHistory of smoking, n(%)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e100(15.4)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eHistory of alcohol consumption, n(%)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e87(13.4)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eHistory of appendicitis surgery, n(%)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e42(6.5)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eTreatment history\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eGlucocorticoids, n(%)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e254(39.1)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eimmunosuppressants, n(%)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e82(12.6)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eTNF antagonists, n(%)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e334(51.5)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eOther biologics, n(%)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e192(29.6)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003c/tbody\u003e\u003c/colgroup\u003e\u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv id=\"Sec7\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e\u003ch2\u003e3.2. Prevalence of EIMs\u003c/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eAmong 649 patients, 37.3% of IBD patients developed at least one EIM. The prevalence was significantly higher in CD patients than in UC patients (42.9%vs.34.4%, P\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.034). Among various EIMs, joint manifestations had the highest prevalence (21.2%), mainly including arthritis/arthralgia (19.0%), ankylosing spondylitis (2.0%), and sacroiliitis (2.8%). The prevalence of joint manifestations in UC patients was significantly higher than that in CD patients (23.7% vs. 16.4%, P\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.032). Skin manifestations had a prevalence of 3.7%, dominated by erythema nodosum (2.5%); ocular manifestations accounted for 1.8%, primarily uveitis (0.5%) and conjunctivitis (0.8%); hepatobiliary manifestations had a prevalence of 1.7%, with primary sclerosing cholangitis (1.1%) being the most common. Notably, the prevalence of aphthous ulcers in CD patients was significantly higher than that in UC patients (28.8% vs. 8.4%, P\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.001). When aphthous ulcers were excluded, the prevalence of EIMs in UC patients was higher than that in CD patients (30.2% vs. 21.0%, P\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.012). The remaining EIMs are presented in Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab2\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab2\" border=\"1\"\u003e\u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 2\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eFrequency and type of extraintestinal manifestations.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/caption\u003e\u003ccolgroup cols=\"6\"\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c3\" colnum=\"3\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c4\" colnum=\"4\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c5\" colnum=\"5\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c6\" colnum=\"6\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cthead\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eIBD\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e(n\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;649)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eUC\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e(n\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;430)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eCD\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e(n\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;219)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eχ2 value\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eP value\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003c/thead\u003e\u003ctbody\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eAll extraintestinal manifestations ,n(%)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e242(37.3)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e148(34.4)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e94(42.9)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e4.487\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e0.034\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eExtraintestinal manifestations other than aphthous ulcers, n(%)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e176(27.2)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e130(30.2)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e46(21.0)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e6.252\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e0.012\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eJoint, n(%)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e138(21.2)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e102(23.7)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e36(16.4)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e4.596\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e0.032\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eArthritis/arthralgia, n(%)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e123(19.0)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e92(21.4)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e31(14.2)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e4.952\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e0.026\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eAnkylosing spondylitis, n(%)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e13(2.0)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e9(2.1)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e4(1.8)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026gt;\u0026thinsp;0.999\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eSacroiliitis, n(%)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e18(2.8)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e11(2.6)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e7(3.2)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.219\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.640\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eEye, n(%)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e12(1.8)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e11(2.6)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1(0.5)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.116\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eUveitis, n(%)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e3(0.5)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e3(0.7)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.555\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eConjunctivitis, n(%)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e5(0.8)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e4(0.9)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1(0.5)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.668\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eCentral retinal vein obstruction, n(%)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2(0.3)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2(0.5)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.552\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eOther ocular symptoms, n(%)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2(0.3)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2(0.5)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.552\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eSkin, n(%)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e24(3.7)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e16(3.7)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e8(3.7)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.002\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.965\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003ePyoderma gangrenosum, n(%)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2(0.3)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2(0.5)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.552\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eErythema nodosum, n(%)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e16(2.5)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e12(2.8)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e4(1.8)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.561\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.454\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003ePsoriasis, n(%)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e8(1.2)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e3(0.7)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e5(2.3)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.176\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eAphthous ulcers, n(%)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e99(15.3)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e36(8.4)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e63(28.8)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e46.688\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.001\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eHepatobiliary, n(%)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e11(1.7)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e10(2.3)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1(0.5)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.155\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003ePrimary sclerosing cholangitis, n(%)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e7(1.1)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e6(1.4)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1(0.5)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.433\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eAutoimmune hepatitis, n(%)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e4(0.6)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e4(0.9)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.306\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eVenous thromboembolic events, n(%)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e20(3.1)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e15(3.5)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e5(2.3)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.706\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.401\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003c/tbody\u003e\u003c/colgroup\u003e\u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe epidemiological features of EIMs in Chinese IBD patients demonstrate distinct patterns compared to Western populations[\u003cspan citationid=\"CR1\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan additionalcitationids=\"CR16\" citationid=\"CR15\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e15\u003c/span\u003e\u0026ndash;\u003cspan citationid=\"CR17\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e17\u003c/span\u003e]. Specifically, skin manifestations including erythema nodosum and pyoderma gangrenosum show significantly lower prevalence rates, as do ocular manifestations such as uveitis and episcleritis. In contrast, aphthous ulcers occurs more frequently in our patient cohort. These prevalence characteristics align more closely with data from other Asian nations than with Western reports[\u003cspan citationid=\"CR18\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e18\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR19\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e19\u003c/span\u003e].\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eIn terms of the number of EIMs(Fig.\u0026nbsp;1), the majority of patients (26.8%) presented with only one extraintestinal manifestation, while a minority (10.5%) had two or more EIMs, accounting for 28.1% of those with extraintestinal manifestations. Additionally, we found patients with up to four extraintestinal manifestations.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv id=\"Sec8\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e\u003ch2\u003e3.3. \u003cb\u003eTime to onset of EIMs\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eA total of 242 patients presented with EIMs, among whom 197 had documented onset times of EIMs. Comparing the time of the first extraintestinal manifestation with the onset of initial intestinal symptoms, 35 cases (17.8%) occurred before intestinal symptoms, 39 cases (19.8%) developed simultaneously with intestinal symptoms, and the majority of EIMs(62.4%)occurred after the onset of intestinal symptoms.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv id=\"Sec9\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e\u003ch2\u003e3.4. Associated factors analysis for EIMs in IBD Patients\u003c/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eUnivariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were conducted for associated factors of EIMs in patients with UC and CD(Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab4\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e3\u003c/span\u003e, Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab3\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e4\u003c/span\u003e). For UC, multivariate regression showed significant differences in gender (P\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.022, OR\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;1.638) and TNF antagonist use (P\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.002, OR\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;1.972) between groups with and without EIMs. For CD, multivariate regression indicated that only immunosuppressant use (P\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.017, OR\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;2.524) differed significantly between the two groups.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab3\" border=\"1\"\u003e\u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 3\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eAnalysis of associated factors for extraintestinal manifestations in Crohn's disease\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/caption\u003e\u003ccolgroup cols=\"8\"\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c3\" colnum=\"3\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c4\" colnum=\"4\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c5\" colnum=\"5\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c6\" colnum=\"6\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c7\" colnum=\"7\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c8\" colnum=\"8\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cthead\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eEIMs group(+)\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e(n\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;94)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eEIMs group(-)\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e(n\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;125)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eUnivariate logistics regression analysis\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c8\" namest=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eMultivariate logistics regression analysis\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003c/thead\u003e\u003ctbody\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eP-value\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eP-value\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eOR\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e95%CI\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eGender, n(%)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.713\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eMan\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e64(68.1)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e88(70.4)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eWoman\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e30(31.9)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e37(29.6)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eHistory of smoking, n(%)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.009\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.092\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2.624\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.854\u0026ndash;8.066\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eYes\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e22(23.4)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e13(10.4)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eNo\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e72(76.6)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e112(89.6)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eHistory of alcohol consumption, n(%)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.042\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.905\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.928\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.273\u0026ndash;3.153\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eYes\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e18(19.1)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e12(9.6)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eNo\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e76(80.9)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e113(90.4)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eDuration of disease in years, M (Q₁, Q₃)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e4.00(1.00,8.00)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e3.00(1.00,6.00)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.635\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eAge at diagnosis, M (Q₁, Q₃)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e37.00(27.00,52.00)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e30.00(21.00,44.00)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.010\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.134\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1.016\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.995\u0026ndash;1.036\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eHistory of appendicitis surgery, n(%)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.786\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eYes\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e14(14.9)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e17(13.6)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eNo\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e80(85.1)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e108(86.4)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eIBD-related surgeries, n(%)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.704\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eYes\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e20(21.3)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e24(19.2)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eNo\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e74(78.7)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e101(80.8)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003ePerianal disease, n(%)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.991\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eYes\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e24(25.6)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e32(25.6)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eNo\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e70(74.5)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e93(74.4)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eDisease activity, n(%)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.093\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003elight\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e9(9.6)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e21(16.8)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003emiddle\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e33(35.1)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e52(41.6)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eheavy\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e52(55.3)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e52(41.6)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eCD lesion location, n(%)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.401\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eL1\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e35(37.2)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e53(42.4)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eL2\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e22(23.4)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e34(27.2)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eL3\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e34(36.2)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e37(29.6)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eL4\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e3(3.2)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1(0.8)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eCD disease behavior, n(%)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.815\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eB1\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e51(54.3)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e65(52.0)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eB2\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e34(36.2)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e50(40.0)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eB3\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e9(9.6)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e10(8.0)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eAge at diagnosis of CD, n(%)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.468\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eA1\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1(1.1)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2(1.6)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eA2\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e55(58.5)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e83(66.4)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eA3\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e38(40.4)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e40(32.0)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eUse of glucocorticoids, n(%)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.005\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.093\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1.747\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.911\u0026ndash;3.348\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eYes\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e40(42.6)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e31(24.8)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eNo\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e54(57.4)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e94(75.2)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eUse of immunosuppressants, n(%)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.001\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e0.017\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2.524\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1.181\u0026ndash;5.396\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eYes\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e29(30.1)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e16(12.8)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eNo\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e65(69.1)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e109(87.2)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eUse of TNF antagonists, n(%)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.191\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eYes\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e55(58.5)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e62(49.6)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eNo\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e39(41.5)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e63(50.4)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eUse of other biologics, n(%)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.943\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eYes\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e29(30.9)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e38(30.4)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eNo\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e65(69.1)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e87(69.6)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003c/tbody\u003e\u003c/colgroup\u003e\u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab4\" border=\"1\"\u003e\u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 4\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eAnalysis of associated factors for extraintestinal manifestations in ulcerative colitis\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/caption\u003e\u003ccolgroup cols=\"8\"\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c3\" colnum=\"3\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c4\" colnum=\"4\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c5\" colnum=\"5\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c6\" colnum=\"6\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c7\" colnum=\"7\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c8\" colnum=\"8\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cthead\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eEIMs group(+)\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e(n\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;148)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eEIMs group(-)\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e(n\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;282)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eUnivariate logistics regression analysis\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c8\" namest=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eMultivariate logistics regression analysis\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003c/thead\u003e\u003ctbody\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eP-value\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eP-value\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eOR\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e95%CI\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eGender, n(%)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.027\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.022\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1.638\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1.074\u0026ndash;2.498\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eMan\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e81(54.7)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e185(65.6)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eWoman\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e67(45.2)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e97(34.4)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eHistory of smoking, n(%)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.501\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eYes\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e20(13.5)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e45(16.0)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eNo\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e128(86.5)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e237(84.0)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eHistory of alcohol consumption, n(%)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.909\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eYes\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e20(13.5)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e37(13.1)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eNo\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e128(86.5)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e245(86.9)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eDuration of disease in years, M (Q₁, Q₃)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e5.00(2.00,10.00)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e3.00(1.00,8.00)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.030\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.081\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1.029\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.996\u0026ndash;1.063\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eAge at diagnosis, M (Q₁, Q₃)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e41.00(30.00,50.50)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e43.00(32.00,55.00)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.048\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.116\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.988\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.973\u0026ndash;1.003\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eHistory of appendicitis surgery, n(%)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.081\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eYes\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e7(4.7)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e4(1.4)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eNo\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e141(95.3)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e278(98.6)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eIBD-related surgeries, n(%)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.476\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eYes\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e5(3.4)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e5(1.8)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eNo\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e143(96.6)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e277(98.2)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eDisease activity, n(%)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.255\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003elight\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e5(3.4)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e14(5.0)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003emiddle\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e40(27.0)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e94(33.3)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eheavy\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e103(69.6)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e174(61.7)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eUC lesion location, n(%)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.339\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eE1\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e20(13.5)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e54(19.1)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eE2\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e43(29.1)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e77(27.3)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eE3\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e85(57.4)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e151(53.5)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eUse of glucocorticoids, n(%)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.024\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.142\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1.371\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.899\u0026ndash;2.091\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eYes\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e74(50.0)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e109(38.7)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eNo\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e74(50.0)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e173(61.3)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eUse of immunosuppressants, n(%)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.057\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eYes\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e18(12.2)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e19(6.7)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eNo\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e130(87.8)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e263(93.3)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eUse of TNF antagonists, n(%)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.001\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.002\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1.972\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1.289\u0026ndash;3.017\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eYes\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e54(36.5)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e159(56.4)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eNo\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e94(63.5)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e123(43.6)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eUse of other biologics, n(%)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.651\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eYes\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e41(27.7)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e84(29.8)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eNo\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e107(72.3)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e198(70.2)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003c/tbody\u003e\u003c/colgroup\u003e\u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eOverall, UC patients with EIMs were predominantly female and users of TNF antagonists (either before or after EIMs onset), while CD patients with EIMs more frequently used immunosuppressants (either before or after EIMs onset).\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv id=\"Sec10\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e\u003ch2\u003e3.5. Correlation between different EIMs\u003c/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe development of one EIM appears to increase the susceptibility to develop other EIM. Analysis of associations between EIMs in patients with IBD showed significant correlations among multiple EIMs (Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab5\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e5\u003c/span\u003e). Specifically, arthritis/arthralgia was significantly associated with sacroiliitis (OR\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;12.315), erythema nodosum (OR\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;10.234), aphthous ulcers (OR\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;1.746), and venous thromboembolism (OR\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;3.696). No significant correlations were found among other EIMs.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab5\" border=\"1\"\u003e\u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 5\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eAnalysis of associations with common extraintestinal manifestations\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/caption\u003e\u003ccolgroup cols=\"20\"\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c3\" colnum=\"3\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c4\" colnum=\"4\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c5\" colnum=\"5\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c6\" colnum=\"6\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c7\" colnum=\"7\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c8\" colnum=\"8\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c9\" colnum=\"9\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c10\" colnum=\"10\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c11\" colnum=\"11\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c12\" colnum=\"12\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c13\" colnum=\"13\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c14\" colnum=\"14\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c15\" colnum=\"15\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c16\" colnum=\"16\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c17\" colnum=\"17\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c18\" colnum=\"18\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c19\" colnum=\"19\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c20\" colnum=\"20\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cthead\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c4\" namest=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eAnkylosing spondylitis\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c8\" namest=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eSacroiliitis\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c12\" namest=\"c10\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eErythema nodosum\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c16\" namest=\"c14\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eAphthous ulcer\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c17\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c20\" namest=\"c18\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eVenous thromboembolic events\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003c/thead\u003e\u003ctbody\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e-\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e+\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eOR,CI\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e-\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e+\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eOR,CI\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e-\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e+\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eOR,CI\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c14\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e-\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c15\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e+\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c16\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eOR,CI\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c17\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c18\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e-\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c19\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e+\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c20\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eOR,CI\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eArthritis/arthralgia-\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e516\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e10\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1.290\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.350\u0026ndash;4.759\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e521\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e5\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e12.315\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e4.302\u0026ndash;35.251\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e521\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e5\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e10.234\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e3.487\u0026ndash;30.035\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c14\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e456\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c15\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e70\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c16\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1.746\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e1.058\u0026ndash;2.881\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c17\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c18\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e515\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c19\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e11\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c20\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e3.696\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e1.497\u0026ndash;9.128\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eArthritis/arthralgia+\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e120\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e110\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e13\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e112\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e11\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c14\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e97\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c15\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e26\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c16\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c17\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c18\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e114\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c19\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e9\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c20\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eAnkylosing spondylitis-\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e620\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e16\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eNA\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c14\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e541\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c15\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e95\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c16\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.475\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.061\u0026ndash;3.692\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c17\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c18\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e616\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c19\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e20\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c20\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eNA\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eAnkylosing spondylitis+\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e13\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c14\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e12\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c15\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c16\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c17\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c18\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e13\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c19\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c20\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eSacroiliitis-\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e616\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e15\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2.416\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.302\u0026ndash;19.352\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c14\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e540\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c15\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e91\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c16\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2.282\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.795\u0026ndash;6.555\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c17\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c18\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e612\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c19\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e19\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c20\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1.895\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.240-14.983\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eSacroiliitis+\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e17\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c14\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e13\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c15\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e5\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c16\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c17\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c18\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e17\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c19\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c20\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eErythema nodosum-\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c14\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e539\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c15\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e94\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c16\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1.203\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.267\u0026ndash;5.414\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c17\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c18\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e613\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c19\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e20\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c20\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eNA\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eErythema nodosum+\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c14\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e14\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c15\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c16\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c17\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c18\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e16\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c19\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c20\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eAphthous ulcer-\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c14\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c15\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c16\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c17\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c18\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e533\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c19\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e20\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c20\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eNA\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eAphthous ulcer +\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c14\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c15\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c16\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c17\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c18\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e96\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c19\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c20\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003c/tbody\u003e\u003c/colgroup\u003e\u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e"},{"header":"4.Discussion","content":"\u003cp\u003eThis retrospective study of 649 Chinese IBD patients identified key epidemiological characteristics of EIMs, with an overall prevalence of 37.3% (CD 42.9% vs UC 34.4%). Arthritis/arthralgia and aphthous ulcers emerged as the most prevalent EIMs. Notably, 17.8% of EIMs manifested prior to intestinal symptoms, while arthritis/arthralgia showed significant associations with other EIMs. These findings not only demonstrate distinct patterns compared to Western populations but also establish a foundation for investigating EIMs pathogenesis and optimizing clinical management approaches.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe overall prevalence of EIMs in our cohort was 37.3%, comparable to reports from Swiss and Greek studies[\u003cspan citationid=\"CR15\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e15\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR17\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e17\u003c/span\u003e]. The results showed that the incidence of EIMs was significantly higher in CD patients than in UC patients, a trend consistent with reports from other regions[\u003cspan citationid=\"CR6\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e6\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR17\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e17\u003c/span\u003e]. This suggests that the apparent higher overall EIMs prevalence in CD patients is primarily driven by the high incidence of aphthous ulcer in this population. Interestingly, Middle Eastern studies report higher EIM prevalence in UC patients [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR20\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e20\u003c/span\u003e], suggesting possible regional variations.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eAlthough the overall prevalence of EIMs was similar, the prevalence rates of specific EIMs varied. Our center observed higher prevalence rates of arthritis/arthralgia and aphthous ulcer compared to Western countries[\u003cspan additionalcitationids=\"CR16\" citationid=\"CR15\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e15\u003c/span\u003e\u0026ndash;\u003cspan citationid=\"CR17\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e17\u003c/span\u003e]. We analyzed potential reasons for this difference, which may be attributed to our reliance more on patients' subjective reports for diagnosing these two conditions. In contrast, the prevalence of pyoderma gangrenosum, uveitis, and scleritis was lower, with no cases of scleritis identified in our cohort. These findings may reflect the actual lower incidence of these conditions or could be related to insufficient clinical attention, leading to delayed diagnosis and treatment. For hepatobiliary manifestations, the prevalence of primary sclerosing cholangitis was also low, likely due to its typically insidious early symptoms (e.g., mild fatigue or abnormal liver function), making it easily overlooked. Additionally, the diagnosis of primary sclerosing cholangitis relies on MRCP or liver biopsy, and the accessibility of these tests and patient compliance may affect early diagnosis rates[\u003cspan citationid=\"CR9\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e9\u003c/span\u003e].\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eIn terms of disease subtype distribution, the study found that joint manifestations (23.7% vs. 16.4%) were more common in UC patients, whereas aphthous ulcer occurred significantly more frequently in CD patients (28.8% vs. 8.4%). This phenomenon may reflect fundamental differences in the pathogenesis of the two disease subtypes. For other EIMs, no significant differences were observed between disease subtypes, a result that may be related to the limited sample size of this study and requires further validation in larger-scale research.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eRegarding temporal characteristics, the study found that 17.8% of patients experienced EIMs symptoms before the onset of gastrointestinal symptoms. This proportion was lower than that reported in similar Swiss studies, potentially due to the following reasons[\u003cspan citationid=\"CR7\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e7\u003c/span\u003e]: first, the retrospective design of this study may have introduced recall bias; second, clinicians' recognition and documentation of EIMs may have been insufficient. Nevertheless, this finding holds important clinical significance, suggesting that when patients present with unexplained arthritis, skin lesions, or liver abnormalities, clinicians should remain vigilant and consider the possibility of underlying IBD, recommending appropriate gastrointestinal symptom screening and follow-up monitoring.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eConsistent with most research findings, our study observed a significantly higher prevalence of EIMs in female and CD patients[\u003cspan citationid=\"CR21\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e21\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR22\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e22\u003c/span\u003e]. Notably, we identified significant associations between specific drug therapies and EIMs occurrence: immunosuppressant use in CD patients (OR\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;2.524) and TNF antagonist use in UC patients (OR\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;1.972). A study by Fengming Yi et al conducted in central China also reported similar drug-related patterns[\u003cspan citationid=\"CR23\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e23\u003c/span\u003e]. This phenomenon may carry dual clinical implications: it could reflect either the therapeutic application of these drugs for EIMs or indicate that patients requiring these treatments had higher baseline disease activity. Importantly, due to study design limitations, the current data cannot definitively establish the temporal sequence between drug therapy and EIMs onset, necessitating further clarification of this causal relationship through rigorously designed prospective studies.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThis study revealed significant associations between arthritis/arthralgia and certain extraintestinal manifestations, with the most prominent correlations observed with sacroiliitis and erythema nodosum. Such clustering of clinical manifestations suggests potential shared immunological mechanisms that warrant further investigation[\u003cspan citationid=\"CR17\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e17\u003c/span\u003e].While EIMs are currently classified into four main categories [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR24\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e24\u003c/span\u003e], this study focused on the more prevalent EIMs in IBD patients, specifically examining classic distal inflammatory manifestations including spondyloarthritis, cutaneous lesions, and ocular involvement, as well as systemic inflammatory complications such as venous thromboembolism. Based on considerations of clinical incidence and diagnostic feasibility, the research excluded rare extraintestinal manifestations associated with other immune-mediated diseases (e.g., multiple sclerosis and interstitial lung disease) along with treatment-related adverse events.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThis study provides crucial insights for EIMs management in Chinese IBD patients. First, clinical practice should emphasize EIMs screening, particularly for manifestations with higher prevalence in the Chinese population. Second, standardized diagnostic protocols must be established to reduce underdiagnosis. Finally, healthcare provider and patient education should be enhanced to improve EIMs awareness.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eHowever, this study has several limitations. First, the retrospective design may introduce information bias, especially since the diagnosis of EIMs partially relied on patients' subjective reports, potentially affecting data accuracy. Second, the single-center design may limit the generalizability of the results, necessitating further validation through multicenter, prospective studies. Third, the low detection rate of some rare EIMs (e.g., scleritis) may be constrained by sample size and follow-up duration; longer-term observation or larger-scale studies would help provide a more comprehensive assessment of their true incidence. Finally, the exclusive inclusion of hospitalized patients due to data completeness considerations may have introduced selection bias in the prevalence estimates.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eFuture large-scale, nationwide multicenter studies are urgently warranted to systematically optimize diagnostic approaches and significantly enhance clinical vigilance, with the ultimate goal of achieving timely detection and precision management of EIMs in Chinese patients with IBD. These comprehensive studies should focus on standardizing diagnostic criteria, improving early recognition, and establishing evidence-based management protocols tailored to the unique characteristics of EIMs in this specific patient population.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"5.Conclusion","content":"\u003cp\u003eChinese IBD patients exhibit distinct characteristics of EIMs. This study found significantly higher prevalence rates of aphthous ulcers (15.3%) and joint symptoms (21.2%) compared to Western data, potentially attributable to the patient self-reporting methodology; while lower incidence of conditions like pyoderma gangrenosum may reflect ethnic differences or diagnostic gaps. Notably, 17.8% of EIMs preceded intestinal symptoms, demonstrating important early warning value. We recommend establishing multidisciplinary management models, enhancing physician training and patient education, with future multicenter nationwide studies needed to further validate these findings.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Abbreviations","content":"\u003cp\u003eIBD: Inflammatory bowel disease\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;UC: Ulcerative colitis\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;CD: Crohn\u0026apos;s disease\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;EIMs: Extraintestinal manifestations\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;TNF: Tumor necrosis factor\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;MRCP: Magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;PSC: Primary sclerosing cholangitis\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;IgG: Immunoglobulin G\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;CT: Computed tomography\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;SD: Standard deviation\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;IQR: Interquartile range\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;OR: Odds ratio\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;CI: Confidence interval\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Declarations","content":"\u003ch2\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eEthics approval and consent to participate\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThis study was approved by the Ethics Committee of Xijing Hospital (Approval No. XJLL-KY-20252189) and conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki. The requirement for informed consent was waived due to the retrospective nature of the study using anonymized clinical data.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eCompeting interests\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAll authors declare that they have no competing interests.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eFunding\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThis research received no specific grant from any funding agency in the public, commercial, or not-for-profit sectors.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eAuthor Contribution\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eL.Z. and J.L. conceived and designed the study. L.Z., J.Z., Z.F., J.H., T.W., H.Z., and Y.S. collected the clinical data. L.Z. and J.Z. performed statistical analysis. L.Z. drafted the initial manuscript. J.L. and K.W. supervised the research and critically revised the manuscript for important intellectual content. All authors reviewed and approved the final version of the manuscript.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eAcknowledgements\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWe thank the medical staff of Xijing Hospital for their support in data collection.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eData Availability\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe datasets used and analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"References","content":"\u003col\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAlizadeh M, Motwani K, Siaton B C, et al. Factors Associated With Extraintestinal Manifestations of Inflammatory Bowel Disease in SPARC-IBD [J]. Inflamm Bowel Dis, 2024, 30(11): 2027-36.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eOtt C, Sch\u0026ouml;lmerich J. Extraintestinal manifestations and complications in IBD [J]. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol, 2013, 10(10): 585-95.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eHedin C R H, Vavricka S R, Stagg A J, et al. The Pathogenesis of Extraintestinal Manifestations: Implications for IBD Research, Diagnosis, and Therapy [J]. J Crohns Colitis, 2019, 13(5): 541-54.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eRogler G, Singh A, Kavanaugh A, et al. Extraintestinal Manifestations of Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Current Concepts, Treatment, and Implications for Disease Management [J]. Gastroenterology, 2021, 161(4): 1118-32.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eThe global, regional, and national burden of inflammatory bowel disease in 195 countries and territories, 1990-2017: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017 [J]. Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol, 2020, 5(1): 17-30.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePark S K, Wong Z, Park S H, et al. Extraintestinal manifestation of inflammatory bowel disease in Asian patients: A multinational study [J]. Dig Liver Dis, 2021, 53(2): 196-201.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eVavricka S R, Rogler G, Gantenbein C, et al. Chronological Order of Appearance of Extraintestinal Manifestations Relative to the Time of IBD Diagnosis in the Swiss Inflammatory Bowel Disease Cohort [J]. Inflamm Bowel Dis, 2015, 21(8): 1794-800.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eJansen F M, Vavricka S R, den Broeder A A, et al. Clinical management of the most common extra-intestinal manifestations in patients with inflammatory bowel disease focused on the joints, skin and eyes [J]. United European Gastroenterol J, 2020, 8(9): 1031-44.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eLunder A K, Hov J R, Borthne A, et al. Prevalence of Sclerosing Cholangitis Detected by Magnetic Resonance Cholangiography in Patients With Long-term Inflammatory Bowel Disease [J]. Gastroenterology, 2016, 151(4): 660-9.e4.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePeyrin-Biroulet L, Van Assche G, G\u0026oacute;mez-Ulloa D, et al. Systematic Review of Tumor Necrosis Factor Antagonists in Extraintestinal Manifestations in Inflammatory Bowel Disease [J]. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol, 2017, 15(1): 25-36.e27.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eBiedermann L, Renz L, Fournier N, et al. Uveitis manifestations in patients of the Swiss Inflammatory Bowel Disease Cohort Study [J]. Therap Adv Gastroenterol, 2019, 12: 1756284819865142.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eKhrom M, Long M, Dube S, et al. Comprehensive Association Analyses of Extraintestinal Manifestations in Inflammatory Bowel Disease [J]. Gastroenterology, 2024, 167(2): 315-32.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eInflammatory Bowel Disease Group C S o G, Chinese Medical Association, China I B D Q C C o. 中国溃疡性结肠炎诊治指南（2023年\u0026middot;西安） [J]. 胃肠病学, 2024, 29(03): 145-73.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eInflammatory Bowel Disease Group C S o G, Chinese Medical Association, China I B D Q C C o. 中国克罗恩病诊治指南（2023年\u0026middot;广州） [J]. 胃肠病学, 2024, 29(04): 200-35.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eKarmiris K, Avgerinos A, Tavernaraki A, et al. Prevalence and Characteristics of Extra-intestinal Manifestations in a Large Cohort of Greek Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease [J]. J Crohns Colitis, 2016, 10(4): 429-36.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eZippi M, Corrado C, Pica R, et al. Extraintestinal manifestations in a large series of Italian inflammatory bowel disease patients [J]. World J Gastroenterol, 2014, 20(46): 17463-7.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eVavricka S R, Brun L, Ballabeni P, et al. Frequency and risk factors for extraintestinal manifestations in the Swiss inflammatory bowel disease cohort [J]. Am J Gastroenterol, 2011, 106(1): 110-9.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eYang B R, Choi N K, Kim M S, et al. Prevalence of extraintestinal manifestations in Korean inflammatory bowel disease patients [J]. PLoS One, 2018, 13(7): e0200363.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eOhta Y, Taida T, Kato J, et al. Clinical Features Focusing on Extraintestinal Manifestations in Japanese Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Diseases: Far East 1000 [J]. Digestion, 2023, 104(4): 328-34.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAdam H, Alqassas M, Saadah O I, et al. Extraintestinal Manifestations of Inflammatory Bowel Disease in Middle Eastern Patients [J]. J Epidemiol Glob Health, 2020, 10(4): 298-303.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eBernstein C N, Blanchard J F, Rawsthorne P, et al. The prevalence of extraintestinal diseases in inflammatory bowel disease: a population-based study [J]. Am J Gastroenterol, 2001, 96(4): 1116-22.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eLakatos L, Pandur T, David G, et al. Association of extraintestinal manifestations of inflammatory bowel disease in a province of western Hungary with disease phenotype: results of a 25-year follow-up study [J]. World J Gastroenterol, 2003, 9(10): 2300-7.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eYi F, Chen M, Huang M, et al. The trend in newly diagnosed Crohn\u0026apos;s disease and extraintestinal manifestations of Crohn\u0026apos;s disease in central China: a retrospective study of a single center [J]. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol, 2012, 24(12): 1424-9.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eGordon H, Burisch J, Ellul P, et al. ECCO Guidelines on Extraintestinal Manifestations in Inflammatory Bowel Disease [J]. J Crohns Colitis, 2024, 18(1): 1-37.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ol\u003e"}],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":true,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":true,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":false,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":false,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":false,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"inflammatory bowel disease, extraintestinal manifestations, epidemiology, associated factors, China","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-7809551/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-7809551/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003ch2\u003eBackground\u003c/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eInflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is frequently associated with various extraintestinal manifestations (EIMs) that significantly impact patient prognosis. While the incidence of IBD continues to rise in China, systematic research on the epidemiological characteristics of EIMs remains limited, particularly in the context of widespread biologic therapy use. This study aims to comprehensively characterize the epidemiological features of EIMs in Chinese IBD patients to inform clinical practice.\u003c/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eMethods\u003c/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eWe conducted a retrospective analysis of 649 inpatients with IBD at Xijing Hospital between October 2020 and December 2024. EIMs were diagnosed using standardized clinical, imaging, and specialist criteria. We assessed prevalence, temporal patterns, and Associated factors through multivariate logistic regression.\u003c/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eResults\u003c/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe overall EIMs prevalence was 37.3%, with CD patients showing higher rates than UC (42.9% vs. 34.4%, P\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.034). Joint manifestations (21.2%) were most common, with UC patients exhibiting more arthritis/arthralgia (23.7% vs. 16.4%, P\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.032), while CD patients had significantly higher rates of aphthous ulcer (28.8% vs. 8.4%, P\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.001). Notably, when excluding aphthous ulcer, UC patients demonstrated higher overall EIMs prevalence (30.2% vs. 21.0%, P\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.012). EIMs preceded intestinal symptoms in 17.8% of cases. Arthritis/arthralgia showed strong associations with sacroiliitis (OR\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;12.3) and erythema nodosum (OR\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;10.2). Multivariate analysis revealed female sex (OR\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;1.6) and TNF antagonist use (OR\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;2.0) as factors associated with EIMs in UC, while immunosuppressant use (OR\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;2.5) was associated with EIMs in CD.\u003c/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eConclusions\u003c/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eAs an autoimmune disease with increasing incidence rate, the extraintestinal manifestations of IBD or the comorbidity of other autoimmune diseases, has not received sufficient attention in Chinese IBD patients. This study reports the prevalence of EIMs in IBD patients from a single Chinese center, demonstrating distinct patterns compared with Western populations. The observed higher prevalence of aphthous ulcer and arthritis/arthralgia may be attributed to the reliance on patient self-reports, which could lead to increased detection rates of these symptoms. The lower prevalence of certain diseases may be due to insufficient attention from patients and healthcare providers. Future nationwide multicenter studies are warranted to refine diagnostic approaches and improve EIMs awareness among Chinese IBD clinicians and patients.\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"Epidemiology of Extraintestinal Manifestations in Chinese Inflammatory Bowel Disease Patients: A Single-Center Retrospective Study","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2025-11-10 05:36:02","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-7809551/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"4a083c42-402b-4356-9b53-339fb47fd391","owner":[],"postedDate":"November 10th, 2025","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"posted","subjectAreas":[{"id":57448066,"name":"Health sciences/Diseases"},{"id":57448067,"name":"Health sciences/Gastroenterology"},{"id":57448068,"name":"Health sciences/Medical research"},{"id":57448069,"name":"Health sciences/Rheumatology"}],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2025-11-26T04:08:20+00:00","versionOfRecord":[],"versionCreatedAt":"2025-11-10 05:36:02","video":"","vorDoi":"","vorDoiUrl":"","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-7809551","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-7809551","identity":"rs-7809551","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"8U1c8b4HqxoKbykW_rLl7","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}