The Importance of Exosomes in Gynecological Diseases

Exosomes play significant roles in key functions of the female reproductive system, such as oogenesis, implantation success, embryo development, and proper fertilization.Exosomes are fundamental cell-derived structures involved in facilitating intercellular communication.Functional connectivity between cells is essential for the viability, development, and coordination of the female reproductive system.It has been demonstrated that the information carried by exosomes is crucial for these cooperative biological mechanisms.Exosomes are formed by encapsulating biological molecules from the cells of origin.With these features, they contribute both to the reorganization of cellular functions and to the collective functioning of cell populations.Additionally, the content of exosomes is used to monitor the diagnostic and therapeutic processes of various gynecological diseases.They contain genetic and proteomic data that can be utilized as biomarkers or therapeutic targets in gynecological cancers and pregnancy-related disorders.In this context, the roles of exosomes in major female reproductive disorders-including endometriosis, premature ovarian failure, polycystic ovary syndrome, Asherman's syndrome, endometrial cancer, cervical cancer, ovarian cancer, and preeclampsia are reviewed.