Controlled Release of Ceftriaxone from Poly(caprolactone)/Poly(lactic acid)/Poly(vinyl alcohol)/Zinc Oxide Composite Dressings for Antibacterial Applications

Controlled Release of Ceftriaxone from Poly(caprolactone)/Poly(lactic acid)/Poly(vinyl alcohol)/Zinc Oxide Composite Dressings for Antibacterial Applications | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article Controlled Release of Ceftriaxone from Poly(caprolactone)/Poly(lactic acid)/Poly(vinyl alcohol)/Zinc Oxide Composite Dressings for Antibacterial Applications Sepideh Khosravi, Mohsen Shahrousvand, Ahmad Hallajisani This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-7768247/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Under Revision Version 1 posted 19 You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract The skin is the first and most important protective layer of the human body against all kinds of injuries. Electrospun wound dressings have advantages such as; they have permeability, lightness, acceleration of wound healing and easy replacement. In this research, electrospun wound dressing based on poly (caprolactone)/ poly (lactic acid) (PCL-PLA) alloy hybridized with poly (vinyl alcohol) containing zinc oxide nanoparticles and ceftriaxone drug (PVA-ZnO-Cef) for Antibacterial dressing was produced. First, different proportions of the combination of PCL-PLA polymers were prepared and optimized at 75/25 ratio. In order to create hydrophilic properties, PVA was spun with water in different weight/volume percentages (10, 12 and 14%) and ZnO was added in different percentages (0, 1, 2 and 3%). The optimal concentration of PVA and nanoparticles was determined to be 10% and 3%, respectively 15% by weight of Cef drug was added to the final PCL-PLA/PVA-ZnO hybrid substrate. The addition of 25% PLA to the PCL matrix led to an increase in the elongation to the breaking point of the wound dressings by 500%. The addition of PVA to PCL-PLA alloy led to a decrease in the water drop contact angle from 111 to 18 degrees. The rate of drug release was Fickian or time-dependent release based on the Korsmeyer-Peppas model with power n=0.38 and coefficient of conformity R2=0.9543. Biological tests also confirmed the non-toxicity of the produced dressings, especially those containing ZnO nanoparticles and Cef. The antibacterial test showed that the wound dressings without drugs and nanoparticles did not have any resistance against bacteria, and with the addition of ZnO nanoparticles, a slight antibacterial aura is observed, but after adding the drug to the wound, Posh, the non-growth halo of the sample against gram-positive bacteria has increased about 2 times. Therefore, it can be concluded that PCL-PLA/PVA-ZnO-Cef substrates can be used as active wound dressings. Wound dressing Poly (caprolactone) Poly (lactic acid) Poly (vinyl alcohol) Zinc oxide Ceftriaxone Figures Figure 1 Figure 2 Figure 3 Figure 4 Figure 5 Figure 6 Figure 7 Figure 8 Figure 9 Figure 10 Figure 11 Figure 12 Figure 13 Figure 14 Figure 15 Figure 16 Full Text Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Under Revision Version 1 posted Editorial decision: Revision requested 05 Nov, 2025 Reviews received at journal 27 Oct, 2025 Reviews received at journal 24 Oct, 2025 Reviews received at journal 23 Oct, 2025 Reviews received at journal 23 Oct, 2025 Reviews received at journal 21 Oct, 2025 Reviewers agreed at journal 21 Oct, 2025 Reviews received at journal 18 Oct, 2025 Reviewers agreed at journal 18 Oct, 2025 Reviewers agreed at journal 18 Oct, 2025 Reviewers agreed at journal 15 Oct, 2025 Reviewers agreed at journal 15 Oct, 2025 Reviewers agreed at journal 15 Oct, 2025 Reviewers agreed at journal 15 Oct, 2025 Reviewers agreed at journal 15 Oct, 2025 Reviewers invited by journal 15 Oct, 2025 Editor assigned by journal 04 Oct, 2025 Submission checks completed at journal 04 Oct, 2025 First submitted to journal 02 Oct, 2025 You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. Our growing team is made up of researchers and industry professionals working together to solve the most critical problems facing scientific publishing. Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-7768247","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":535514346,"identity":"f8368282-8658-43a5-8ecb-b8f95b21dd37","order_by":0,"name":"Sepideh Khosravi","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"University of Tehran","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Sepideh","middleName":"","lastName":"Khosravi","suffix":""},{"id":535514348,"identity":"221318a1-baea-42f0-b3dd-250bfbe58614","order_by":1,"name":"Mohsen Shahrousvand","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"University of 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antibacterial halo test in the vicinity of gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria for samples containing PCL/PLA, PCL/PLA-PVA, PCL/PLA-PVA/ZnO. PCL/PLA-PVA/ZnO/Cef .\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"image16.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7768247/v1/90832e7f32a553cb384185cb.png"},{"id":94731190,"identity":"aa415f98-2d58-48c2-a2ef-d7d863a8e0ef","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-10-30 07:07:40","extension":"pdf","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":2683644,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Manuscript.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7768247/v1_covered_4193bea4-adb3-4f8f-ac20-8d972a83ddb9.pdf"}],"financialInterests":"No competing interests reported.","formattedTitle":"Controlled Release of Ceftriaxone from Poly(caprolactone)/Poly(lactic acid)/Poly(vinyl alcohol)/Zinc Oxide Composite Dressings for Antibacterial Applications","fulltext":[],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":false,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":false,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":false,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":true,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":true,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"journal-of-polymers-and-the-environment","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"jooe","sideBox":"Learn more about [Journal of Polymers and the Environment](https://www.springer.com/journal/10924)","snPcode":"10924","submissionUrl":"https://submission.nature.com/new-submission/10924/3","title":"Journal of Polymers and the Environment","twitterHandle":"","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":true,"editorialSystem":"em","reportingPortfolio":"Springer Hybrid","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":false},"keywords":"Wound dressing, Poly (caprolactone), Poly (lactic acid), Poly (vinyl alcohol), Zinc oxide, Ceftriaxone","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-7768247/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-7768247/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"The skin is the first and most important protective layer of the human body against all kinds of injuries. Electrospun wound dressings have advantages such as; they have permeability, lightness, acceleration of wound healing and easy replacement. In this research, electrospun wound dressing based on poly (caprolactone)/ poly (lactic acid) (PCL-PLA) alloy hybridized with poly (vinyl alcohol) containing zinc oxide nanoparticles and ceftriaxone drug (PVA-ZnO-Cef) for Antibacterial dressing was produced. First, different proportions of the combination of PCL-PLA polymers were prepared and optimized at 75/25 ratio. In order to create hydrophilic properties, PVA was spun with water in different weight/volume percentages (10, 12 and 14%) and ZnO was added in different percentages (0, 1, 2 and 3%). The optimal concentration of PVA and nanoparticles was determined to be 10% and 3%, respectively 15% by weight of Cef drug was added to the final PCL-PLA/PVA-ZnO hybrid substrate. The addition of 25% PLA to the PCL matrix led to an increase in the elongation to the breaking point of the wound dressings by 500%. The addition of PVA to PCL-PLA alloy led to a decrease in the water drop contact angle from 111 to 18 degrees. The rate of drug release was Fickian or time-dependent release based on the Korsmeyer-Peppas model with power n=0.38 and coefficient of conformity R2=0.9543. Biological tests also confirmed the non-toxicity of the produced dressings, especially those containing ZnO nanoparticles and Cef. The antibacterial test showed that the wound dressings without drugs and nanoparticles did not have any resistance against bacteria, and with the addition of ZnO nanoparticles, a slight antibacterial aura is observed, but after adding the drug to the wound, Posh, the non-growth halo of the sample against gram-positive bacteria has increased about 2 times. Therefore, it can be concluded that PCL-PLA/PVA-ZnO-Cef substrates can be used as active wound dressings.","manuscriptTitle":"Controlled Release of Ceftriaxone from Poly(caprolactone)/Poly(lactic acid)/Poly(vinyl alcohol)/Zinc Oxide Composite Dressings for Antibacterial Applications","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2025-10-29 17:52:53","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-7768247/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0},{"type":"decision","content":"Revision requested","date":"2025-11-05T15:52:58+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvitedReview","content":"","date":"2025-10-27T10:54:51+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvitedReview","content":"","date":"2025-10-24T17:31:30+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvitedReview","content":"","date":"2025-10-24T00:13:29+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvitedReview","content":"","date":"2025-10-23T08:49:57+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvitedReview","content":"","date":"2025-10-21T13:43:08+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"272498737533232035539960874484858685865","date":"2025-10-21T05:53:09+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvitedReview","content":"","date":"2025-10-18T07:17:19+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"67205536896172314436496627178590919740","date":"2025-10-18T05:44:45+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"51501060048021956076012604718098188536","date":"2025-10-18T04:37:49+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"190685910230550044299424473885034370608","date":"2025-10-15T21:43:11+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"192592961821865858768217037782874056992","date":"2025-10-15T19:43:13+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"186272923955770029015829971668894071593","date":"2025-10-15T17:47:21+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"222913896043573794746168789853373523698","date":"2025-10-15T17:34:24+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"327035584843742104354389778638438175295","date":"2025-10-15T15:56:58+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewersInvited","content":"","date":"2025-10-15T15:43:37+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorAssigned","content":"","date":"2025-10-04T19:03:59+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"checksComplete","content":"","date":"2025-10-04T19:03:08+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"submitted","content":"Journal of Polymers and the Environment","date":"2025-10-02T17:09:44+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"journal-of-polymers-and-the-environment","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"jooe","sideBox":"Learn more about [Journal of Polymers and the Environment](https://www.springer.com/journal/10924)","snPcode":"10924","submissionUrl":"https://submission.nature.com/new-submission/10924/3","title":"Journal of Polymers and the Environment","twitterHandle":"","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":true,"editorialSystem":"em","reportingPortfolio":"Springer Hybrid","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":false}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"6e7fef2e-979e-4721-980a-2442cf7d1928","owner":[],"postedDate":"October 29th, 2025","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"in-revision","subjectAreas":[],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2025-11-05T16:38:16+00:00","versionOfRecord":[],"versionCreatedAt":"2025-10-29 17:52:53","video":"","vorDoi":"","vorDoiUrl":"","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-7768247","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-7768247","identity":"rs-7768247","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"8U1c8b4HqxoKbykW_rLl7","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}