Effectiveness of influenza vaccines in Italy in the 2024/25 season: A nationwide, test-negative design study based on surveillance records.

Effectiveness of influenza vaccines in Italy in the 2024/25 season: A nationwide, test-negative design study based on surveillance records. | Authorea try { document.documentElement.classList.add('js'); } catch (e) { } var _gaq = _gaq || []; _gaq.push(['_setAccount', 'G-8VDV14Y67G']); _gaq.push(['_trackPageview']); (function() { var ga = document.createElement('script'); ga.type = 'text/javascript'; ga.async = true; ga.src = ('https:' == document.location.protocol ? 'https://ssl' : 'http://www') + '.google-analytics.com/ga.js'; var s = document.getElementsByTagName('script')[0]; s.parentNode.insertBefore(ga, s); })(); Skip to main content Preprints Collections Wiley Open Research IET Open Research Ecological Society of Japan All Collections About About Authorea FAQs Contact Us Quick Search anywhere Search for preprint articles, keywords, etc. Search Search ADVANCED SEARCH SCROLL This is a preprint and has not been peer reviewed. Data may be preliminary. 26 July 2025 V1 Latest version Share on Effectiveness of influenza vaccines in Italy in the 2024/25 season: A nationwide, test-negative design study based on surveillance records. Authors : Daniel Cifo , Alberto Mateo Urdiales 0000-0002-0480-8723 [email protected] , Simona Puzelli , Marzia Facchini , Sara Piacentini , Emanuela Giombini , Benedetta Bellini , … Show All … , Massimo Fabiani , Patrizio Pezzotti , Paola Stefanelli , Anna Teresa Palamara , Antonino Bella , and RespiVirNet network Show Fewer Authors Info & Affiliations https://doi.org/10.22541/au.175351182.22137232/v1 339 views 189 downloads Contents Abstract Supplementary Material Information & Authors Metrics & Citations View Options References Figures Tables Media Share Abstract Background: The 2024/25 influenza season in Italy was characterised by co-circulation of influenza A and B viruses. Monitoring influenza vaccine effectiveness (IVE) remains essential to guide public health policy due to antigenic shifts and varying strain circulation. In this study we aimed to estimate IVE in primary care and hospital setting during the 2024/25 season in Italy Methods: A nationwide test-negative control design was used. Data were collected from the RespiVirNet surveillance system, encompassing both primary care and hospital settings. A total of 8,842 participants were included in the primary care analysis and 2,492 in the hospital analysis Results: Adjusted vaccine effectiveness (aVE) against any influenza virus was 69.0% (95% CI: 60.4–75.9%) in primary care and 62.3% (95% CI: 45.9–74.2%) in hospital settings. Effectiveness was highest among individuals under 18 years and decreased with age. Influenza B showed the highest aVE (83.6% in primary care; 95.0% in hospital settings), particularly among younger individuals. aVE for influenza A subtypes was lower, with A H1N1pdm09 (54.0% in primary care; 63.8% in hospital) and A H3N2 (60.1% in primary care; 45.5% in hospital) showing moderate effectiveness. Conclusion: The results suggest that influenza vaccines were effective in preventing medically attended influenza disease, both in primary care and hospital settings. These findings provide valuable insights for public health planning and vaccine policy in Italy. Supplementary Material File (20250624_influenza_ve_italy.docx) Download 380.87 KB Information & Authors Information Version history V1 Version 1 26 July 2025 Copyright This work is licensed under a Non Exclusive No Reuse License. Keywords epidemiology influenza surveillance vaccine effectiveness Authors Affiliations Daniel Cifo Escuela Nacional de Sanidad View all articles by this author Alberto Mateo Urdiales 0000-0002-0480-8723 [email protected] Istituto Superiore di Sanita View all articles by this author Simona Puzelli Istituto Superiore di Sanita View all articles by this author Marzia Facchini Istituto Superiore di Sanita View all articles by this author Sara Piacentini Istituto Superiore di Sanita View all articles by this author Emanuela Giombini Istituto Superiore di Sanita View all articles by this author Benedetta Bellini Istituto Superiore di Sanita View all articles by this author Massimo Fabiani Istituto Superiore di Sanita View all articles by this author Patrizio Pezzotti Istituto Superiore di Sanita View all articles by this author Paola Stefanelli Istituto Superiore di Sanita View all articles by this author Anna Teresa Palamara Istituto Superiore di Sanita View all articles by this author Antonino Bella Istituto Superiore di Sanita View all articles by this author RespiVirNet network no affiliation View all articles by this author Metrics & Citations Metrics Article Usage 339 views 189 downloads .FvxKWukQNSOunydq8rnd { width: 100px; } Citations Download citation Daniel Cifo, Alberto Mateo Urdiales, Simona Puzelli, et al. Effectiveness of influenza vaccines in Italy in the 2024/25 season: A nationwide, test-negative design study based on surveillance records.. Authorea . 26 July 2025. DOI: https://doi.org/10.22541/au.175351182.22137232/v1 If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download. For more information or tips please see 'Downloading to a citation manager' in the Help menu . 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