Disease pattern, outcome, and associated factor of patient admitted in pediatric intensive care unit at Tikur Anbessa specialized hospital, 2022: Retrospective study

Objectives: To assess the disease pattern, outcome and associated factors of admitted patients at the pediatric intensive care unit at Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia from January 2021 to June 2022. Methods An institutional-based cross-sectional study conducted. Data collected using an adapted questionnaire from the chart review and registration book. Statistical package for social science (version25) used for data entry and analysis. Result Of 332 total admitted pediatric patients during the study period, most 124 (39.1%) were admitted from pediatric emergency departments. The mean pediatric intensive care unit median length of stay was 20.5 days. Most patients admitted to the pediatric intensive care unit 71 (22.4%) were due to respiratory problems, whereas gastrointestinal disease 10 (3.2%) was the least common admission diagnosis. The mortality rate was 125 (39.3%), mostly caused by cardiovascular disease (25.6%). Admission diagnosis and use of mechanical ventilation have a statistically significant association with PICU mortality with a P-value of 0.05 in binary logistic regression analysis. Conclusion Respiratory and neurological diseases were the predominant conditions leading to pediatric intensive care unit admissions in our setting. More than half (56.8%) patients used mechanical ventilation. The mortality rate was significantly associated with cardiovascular disease and patients who used mechanical ventilators.