Performance Analysis and Enhancement of Concentric Power Swing Blocker in TCSC-Compensated Transmission Systems

Performance Analysis and Enhancement of Concentric Power Swing Blocker in TCSC-Compensated Transmission Systems | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article Performance Analysis and Enhancement of Concentric Power Swing Blocker in TCSC-Compensated Transmission Systems Jalal Khodaparast This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-6401974/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Published Journal Publication published 21 Nov, 2025 Read the published version in Electrical Engineering → Version 1 posted 13 You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract In this paper, the performance of the Concentric Power Swing Blocker (CPSB) is investigated on transmission lines compensated with Thyristor-Controlled Series Capacitors (TCSCs). To evaluate the impact of TCSC operation on the time measurements recorded by CPSB, two analytical approaches are presented. The first approach is based on the Heffron-Phillips model, which is suitable for small-scale power systems, while the second relies on the rate of change of the power angle (delta), making it more applicable to large-scale systems. Both analyses demonstrate that the time measured by the CPSB increases when the TCSC operates in capacitive mode and decreases in inductive mode. Based on recorded time values for both pure power swings and symmetrical faults, it is concluded that CPSB remains a reliable solution for protection in power systems equipped with FACTS devices. Furthermore, a novel solution is proposed to detect three-phase faults that occur during power changes. Two indices are introduced to achieve this goal: (1) the static phasor estimation error of the current signal, and (2) a new pair of concentric characteristics that ensure accurate fault detection during power swings. Concentric Power Swing Blocker (CPSB) Distance relay Rate of Change of Delta (ROCOD) TCSC Full Text Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Published Journal Publication published 21 Nov, 2025 Read the published version in Electrical Engineering → Version 1 posted Editorial decision: Revision requested 18 Jun, 2025 Reviews received at journal 07 Jun, 2025 Reviews received at journal 19 May, 2025 Reviewers agreed at journal 18 May, 2025 Reviews received at journal 13 May, 2025 Reviewers agreed at journal 12 May, 2025 Reviewers agreed at journal 12 May, 2025 Reviewers agreed at journal 11 May, 2025 Reviewers agreed at journal 09 May, 2025 Reviewers invited by journal 09 May, 2025 Editor assigned by journal 10 Apr, 2025 Submission checks completed at journal 09 Apr, 2025 First submitted to journal 08 Apr, 2025 You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. 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Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-6401974","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":455246358,"identity":"6f044507-afde-4d6e-acff-bd05b67bd457","order_by":0,"name":"Jalal Khodaparast","email":"data:image/png;base64,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","orcid":"","institution":"","correspondingAuthor":true,"prefix":"","firstName":"Jalal","middleName":"","lastName":"Khodaparast","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2025-04-08 09:53:33","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":"","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-6401974/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-6401974/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[{"content":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00202-025-03361-8","type":"published","date":"2025-11-21T15:57:07+00:00"}],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":96650022,"identity":"c1876daf-3673-416d-be0f-8bbddf0691e4","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-11-24 16:05:20","extension":"pdf","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":979296,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"ImpactofTCSConPerformanceofConcentricPowerSwingBlocker2.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-6401974/v1_covered_56347f2c-cf42-446f-a02a-6ca10af7a617.pdf"}],"financialInterests":"No competing interests reported.","formattedTitle":"Performance Analysis and Enhancement of Concentric Power Swing Blocker in TCSC-Compensated Transmission Systems","fulltext":[],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":false,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":false,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":true,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":true,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":true,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"electrical-engineering","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"elen","sideBox":"Learn more about [Electrical Engineering](http://link.springer.com/journal/202)","snPcode":"202","submissionUrl":"https://submission.nature.com/new-submission/202/3","title":"Electrical Engineering","twitterHandle":"","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":true,"editorialSystem":"em","reportingPortfolio":"Springer Hybrid","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":false},"keywords":"Concentric Power Swing Blocker (CPSB), Distance relay, Rate of Change of Delta (ROCOD), TCSC","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-6401974/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-6401974/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"In this paper, the performance of the Concentric Power Swing Blocker (CPSB) is investigated on transmission lines compensated with Thyristor-Controlled Series Capacitors (TCSCs). To evaluate the impact of TCSC operation on the time measurements recorded by CPSB, two analytical approaches are presented. The first approach is based on the Heffron-Phillips model, which is suitable for small-scale power systems, while the second relies on the rate of change of the power angle (delta), making it more applicable to large-scale systems. Both analyses demonstrate that the time measured by the CPSB increases when the TCSC operates in capacitive mode and decreases in inductive mode. Based on recorded time values for both pure power swings and symmetrical faults, it is concluded that CPSB remains a reliable solution for protection in power systems equipped with FACTS devices. Furthermore, a novel solution is proposed to detect three-phase faults that occur during power changes. Two indices are introduced to achieve this goal: (1) the static phasor estimation error of the current signal, and (2) a new pair of concentric characteristics that ensure accurate fault detection during power swings. 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