A case of catamenial pneumothorax with diaphragmatic endometriosis.

This paper reports a 44-year-old woman with catamenial pneumothorax who developed recurrent pneumothorax in association with menstruation, leading to admission for evaluation and treatment. During video-assisted thoracoscopic exploration, no lung abnormalities were seen, but multiple small diaphragmatic fenestrations were identified in the tendinous portion, prompting resection of that area for further investigation. Pathology showed gland-like tubular structures resembling endometrium with surrounding endometrial stromal cells in the diaphragm, supporting diaphragmatic endometriosis as the cause of the pneumothorax; the authors note that clear visualization of glandular structures in diaphragmatic endometriosis cases is rare. This paper is centrally about endometriosis — it specifically documents pathologically confirmed diaphragmatic endometriosis causing catamenial pneumothorax.

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