Sensitivity to the Sundarbans’ vegetation of the Remal tropical cyclone's modelling with WRF-ARW

Sensitivity to the Sundarbans’ vegetation of the Remal tropical cyclone's modelling with WRF-ARW | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article Sensitivity to the Sundarbans’ vegetation of the Remal tropical cyclone's modelling with WRF-ARW Md Nazmus Sanib Chowdhury, Tonia Astrid Capuano, Md. Enamul Hoque This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-6797322/v2 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Posted Version 2 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Show more versions Abstract The Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model with the solver—Advanced Research WRF (ARW)—is commonly used in the meteorological community for forecasting tropical cyclones. However, it is well known that vegetation reduces the tangential wind velocity in a cyclonic storm. In this study, the reduction in wind during tropical cyclone (TC) Remal due to vegetation is calculated by using the difference between two WRF-ARW simulations of the event in the presence and absence, respectively, of the Sundarbans mangrove forest (SMF) within the simulated domain. It is found that, on average, the presence of SMF decreases the maximum surface wind of Remal by 5 ms⁻¹ and subsequently influences the spatial distribution of precipitation and upward moisture flux over the SMF area. In addition to that, it is shown that the reduction in drag force in the absence of this mangrove forest is connected with the increase in the small-scale ice water mixing ratio to a maximum value (0.010) of 77 nautical miles (NM) away from the coast through atmospheric teleconnection. Furthermore, the absence of the SMF is connected with the elimination of updraft after landfall, and the increase of wind flow from above 12.5 km height to 17.5 km height. Even though the absence of the SMF does not significantly change the track of the TC, TC centre speed, surface temperature, column-integrated water vapour mixing ratio and net radiation. The overall findings of this research suggest the importance of preserving and enhance the coverage of such forests in order to reduce coastal hazards’ risks, in agreement with previous studies. Atmospheric Sciences Tropical Cyclone (TC) WRF-ARW Mangrove Forest Coastal Hazards Full Text Additional Declarations The authors declare no competing interests. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Posted Version 2 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Show more versions Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. 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Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-6797322","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":465819491,"identity":"e69eeba7-a544-4abc-a4c6-62353e5d0689","order_by":0,"name":"Md Nazmus Sanib Chowdhury","email":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAAA6ElEQVRIiWNgGAWjYHADxjaGD0CKjZ0ULYwzQFqYSbCGjZkHRBHSYs5+/Olmnj8M9vyzm9se2/zaJs/HzMD44WMObi2WPQlpt3nbGBJn3DnYbpzbd9uwjZmBWXLmNtxaDA4kHLvN28CQwHAjsU06t+c2I1ALGzMvPi3nH7bdBjlMHqTFsue2PWEtN5LZbvOwMTBuAGlh+HE7kQgtz9huzm2TSNx4I7HdsLfhdnIbM2Mzfr+cT392480fG3u5G+nPHvz4c9t2fnvzwQ8f8WiBAgkIBUwAILKBoHok8IcUxaNgFIyCUTBSAADOUVGValrzRAAAAABJRU5ErkJggg==","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1127-2071","institution":"Department of Oceanography, University of Chittagong, Bangladesh","correspondingAuthor":true,"prefix":"","firstName":"Md","middleName":"Nazmus Sanib","lastName":"Chowdhury","suffix":""},{"id":465851597,"identity":"170446d9-b084-46c3-b746-c2a04452a96a","order_by":1,"name":"Tonia Astrid Capuano","email":"","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4709-916X","institution":"International Center for Ocean Governance (ICOG) \u0026 Department of Oceanography, University of Dhaka, Bangladesh","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Tonia","middleName":"Astrid","lastName":"Capuano","suffix":""},{"id":465852056,"identity":"9e45adbf-d4ab-4b7b-86c2-367ad5d2b202","order_by":2,"name":"Md. 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However, it is well known that vegetation reduces the tangential wind velocity in a cyclonic storm. In this study, the reduction in wind during tropical cyclone (TC) Remal due to vegetation is calculated by using the difference between two WRF-ARW simulations of the event in the presence and absence, respectively, of the Sundarbans mangrove forest (SMF) within the simulated domain. It is found that, on average, the presence of SMF decreases the maximum surface wind of Remal by 5 ms⁻\u0026sup1; and subsequently influences the spatial distribution of precipitation and upward moisture flux over the SMF area. In addition to that, it is shown that the reduction in drag force in the absence of this mangrove forest is connected with the increase in the small-scale ice water mixing ratio to a maximum value (0.010) of 77 nautical miles (NM) away from the coast through atmospheric teleconnection. Furthermore, the absence of the SMF is connected with the elimination of updraft after landfall, and the increase of wind flow from above 12.5 km height to 17.5 km height. Even though the absence of the SMF does not significantly change the track of the TC, TC centre speed, surface temperature, column-integrated water vapour mixing ratio and net radiation. The overall findings of this research suggest the importance of preserving and enhance the coverage of such forests in order to reduce coastal hazards\u0026rsquo; risks, in agreement with previous studies.\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"Sensitivity to the Sundarbans’ vegetation of the Remal tropical cyclone's modelling with WRF-ARW","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":2,"date":"2025-06-09 18:36:50","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-6797322/v2","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":2}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true}},{"code":1,"date":"2025-06-03 11:16:12","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-6797322/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"735db1ea-6296-4339-9e15-3de34449e25d","owner":[],"postedDate":"June 9th, 2025","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"posted","subjectAreas":[{"id":49451892,"name":"Atmospheric Sciences"}],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2025-06-03T11:16:12+00:00","versionOfRecord":[],"versionCreatedAt":"2025-06-09 18:36:50","video":"","vorDoi":"","vorDoiUrl":"","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v2","identity":"rs-6797322","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-6797322","identity":"rs-6797322","version":["v2"]},"buildId":"8U1c8b4HqxoKbykW_rLl7","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}