An Assessment of Demographics, Clinical Features, and Risk Factors in Patients With Chronic Respiratory Disorders in Two Latin American Countries

Chronic respiratory diseases such as asthma and COPD are prevalent in Latin America, yet diagnostic and management challenges persist. This study assessed the demographics, clinical characteristics, and risk factors of patients with respiratory disorders in Colombia and Mexico. A total of 103 patients were evaluated using spirometry, exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO), the COPD Assessment Test (CAT), and the Asthma Control Test (ACT). Only 22% of participants showed abnormal spirometry despite a reported prevalence of asthma and COPD of 39%. Conversely, FeNO abnormalities closely matched asthma prevalence. A significant association between BMI and dyspnea was also observed. These findings highlight diagnostic gaps and the need for enhanced screening methods in underdiagnosed populations. The results of this study may inform targeted interventions to improve respiratory health outcomes in these regions. A total of 103 patients with respiratory problems were assessed, using spirometry, the exhaled nitric oxide test (FeNO), the COPD Assessment Test (CAT) and the Asthma Control Test. Only 22% of the study population showed abnormal spirometry, despite a prevalence of asthma and COPD of 39%. Conversely, the FeNO test was abnormal to the same extent as asthma was prevalent. This population also showed an association between BMI and dyspnoea. The subjects showed a high level of awareness on the effect of environmental pollution on their respiratory problems. The experience and results of this exercise will be used to inform and guide clinical and social interventions aiming to improve the prospects and quality of life in patients with chronic respiratory disorders. They should assist in identifying and addressing diagnostic and treatment gaps in communities suffering from respiratory illness.