Medical and social portrait of reproductive age women with multiple sclerosis

V.I. Pyrohova, O.I. Nehrych
In: HEALTH OF WOMAN · 2019 · pp. 16–21 · doi:10.15574/hw.2019.146.16 · W4297095623
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⚙ AI-generated summary by gemini-2.5-flash-lite, 2026-08-11 ⓘ

Reproductive-aged women with multiple sclerosis exhibit higher rates of gynecological issues like endometriosis and infertility, alongside increased risks of premature birth and cesarean sections, compared to healthy controls.

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This study assessed the medical and social characteristics of 116 reproductive-age women with multiple sclerosis, comparing them with 40 healthy women to identify reproductive-health risk factors and inform diagnostic and corrective care algorithms. Women with multiple sclerosis more often had endometriosis, endometrial hyperplasia, abnormal uterine bleeding, and infertility; obstetric complications included particularly frequent premature births among younger participants and increased cesarean delivery. The paper does not explicitly discuss adenomyosis, while endometriosis is examined as one of several reproductive-health disorders associated with multiple sclerosis; therefore, relevance to endometriosis: its reported increased frequency in women with multiple sclerosis, though the paper's main focus is reproductive health in multiple sclerosis.

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Abstract

Prevalence among people of active reproductive and working age, severe medical and social consequences make the problem of multiple sclerosis in women significant. The objective: is to evaluate the medical and social characteristics of reproductive age women with established diagnosis of multiple sclerosis to identify risk factors for reproductive health disorders and to develop further algorithms for their diagnosis and correction. Materials and methods. The study included 116 women of reproductive age with multiple sclerosis and 40 healthy women. Results. Reproductive status analysis showed that patients with multiple sclerosis were significantly more likely to have endometriosis, endometrial hyperplasia, abnormal uterine bleeding, and infertility. The most prevalent obstetric complications were premature births, particularly in the younger age group, and an increased incidence of births by caesarean section. Conclusions. Women with multiple sclerosis are at increased risk of developing reproductive health disorders. Therefore, improvements to the care system for such patients should necessarily include measures to preserve and restore reproductive function. Key words: multiple sclerosis, reproductive function.
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Materials

and methods. The study included 116 women of reproductive age with multiple sclerosis and 40 healthy women. Results. Reproductive status analysis showed that patients with multiple sclerosis were significantly more likely to have endometriosis, endometrial hyperplasia, abnormal uterine bleeding, and infertility. The most prevalent obstetric complications were premature births, particularly in the younger age group, and an increased incidence of births by caesarean section. Conclusions. Women with multiple sclerosis are at increased risk of developing reproductive health disorders. Therefore, improvements to the care system for such patients should necessarily include measures to preserve and restore reproductive function. Key words: multiple sclerosis, reproductive function.

References

1. D’hooghe M, D’Hooghe T, De Keyser J. 2016. Female Gender and Reproductive Factors Affecting Risk, Relapses and Progression in Multiple Sclerosis. Gynecologic and Obstetric Investigation 75(2):73-84. 2013. https://doi.org/10.1159/000346319; PMid:23343711 2. Ukrainska baza medyko-statystychnoi informatsii. Rezhym dostupu: http://medstat.gov.ua/ukr/statreports.html – Statystychni dani. 3. Bentzen J, Meulengracht Flachs E, Stenager E, Brønnum-Hansen H, Koch-Henriksen N. 2010. Prevalence of multiple sclerosis in Denmark 1950–2005. Multiple Sclerosis Journal 16(5):520-525. https://doi.org/10.1177/1352458510364197; PMid:20215479. 4. Kingwell E, Marriott J, Jetté N, Pringsheim T, Makhani N, Morrow S et al. 2013. Incidence and prevalence of multiple sclerosis in Europe: a systematic review. BMC Neurology 13(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2377-13-128; PMid:24070256 PMCid:PMC3856596. 5. D’hooghe M, D’Hooghe T, De Keyser J. 2013. Female Gender and Reproductive Factors Affecting Risk, Relapses and Progression in Multiple Sclerosis. Gynecologic and Obstetric Investigation 75(2):73-84. https://doi.org/10.1159/000346319; PMid:23343711 6. Ramagopalan S, Valdar W, Criscuoli M, DeLuca G, Dyment D, Orton S et al. 2009. Age of puberty and the risk of multiple sclerosis: a population based study. European Journal of Neurology 16(3):342-347. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-1331.2008.02431.x; PMid:19170744 7. D’hooghe M, Haentjens P, Nagels G, D’Hooghe T, Keyser J. 2011. Menarche, oral contraceptives, pregnancy and progression of disability in relapsing onset and progressive onset multiple sclerosis. Journal of Neurology 259(5):855-861. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00415-011-6267-7; PMid:21993617 8. Nehrych TI, Orynchak LB. 2015. Osoblyvosti perebihu rozsiianoho sklerozu v zhinok zalezhno vid narodzhennia ditei. Mizhnarodnyi nevrolohichnyi zhurnal 5: 45-52. 9. Holmqvist P, Hammar M, Landtblom A, Brynhildsen J. 2010. Age at onset of multiple sclerosis is correlated to use of combined oral contraceptives and childbirth before diagnosis. Fertility and Sterility 94(7):2835-2837. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fertnstert.2010.06.045; PMid:20807659 10. Polman C, Reingold S, Banwell B, Clanet M, Cohen J, Filippi M et al. 2011. Diagnostic criteria for multiple sclerosis: 2010 Revisions to the McDonald criteria. Annals of Neurology 69(2):292-302. https://doi.org/10.1002/ana.22366; PMid:21387374 PMCid:PMC3084507 11. Kurtzke J. 1983. Rating neurologic impairment in multiple sclerosis: An expanded disability status scale (EDSS). Neurology 33(11):1444-1444. https://doi.org/10.1212/WNL.33.11.1444; PMid:6685237

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