Epidemiology of pediatric sleep disordered breathing in children with tonsillar enlargement at Tikur Anbessa comprehensive Specialized Hospital and Yekatit 12 Hospital, Ethiopia

Abstract Background: Pediatric sleep disordered breathing has become widely recognized only in the last few decades as likely cause of significant morbidity, mortality and poor school performance among children. The objective of this study to study the descriptive and analytical epidemiology of pediatric sleep disordered breathing in Tikur Anbessa Specialized hospital & Yekatit 12 hospital. Methods: children aged 2-18 years with tonsillar enlargement attending otolaryngology clinics of Tikur Anbessa comprehensive specialized hospital and Yekatit 12 hospitals were enrolled. We used questioner which was filled by residents by asking the children and their family. Our questioner includes questions on socio demography, recurrence of tonsillitis and questions of pediatric sleep questioner. Physical examination includes tonsillar size, weight, and height measurement. In addition we used lateral neck x-ray to identify adenoidal enlargement. Pediatric sleep questioner is considered positive for obstructive sleep apnea if 33% (8 out of 22) of the answered questions are yes. The association between dependent and in dependent variables was assessed and presented using descriptive statistics, and logistic regression. Results: A total of 212 children were involved. 31.1% ( 66) had no snoring , 35.4 % ( 75) had simple snoring , and 33.5 % ( 71) had obstructive sleep apnea. Univariate binary logstic regression showed that age and body habitus were significantly associated with obstructive sleep apnea. Multivariate binary logistic regression also showed ,age 2-7 years were 2.55 times likely to develop OSA when compared to 8-18years old children .We also found negative association between normal body habitus and obstructive sleep apnea when compared to wasted children. Conclusion: The significant risk factor for development OSA in children is age 2-7 year. We consider the negative association between normal body habitus and obstructive sleep apnea when compared to wasting is due to failure to thrive in children with obstructive sleep apnea.