The U-shaped relationship between sleep time on workdays and depression in US aged 20 years and older with hypertension: a cross-sectional study

Background: Few epidemiological research has been conducted in hypertensive populations on depression and sleep time on workdays. The aim of our study was to examine the relationship between sleep time on workdays and depression in hypertensive populations from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Methods: In all, 9407 individuals from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2007–2018 with a history of hypertension were examined. We investigated the association between sleep time on workdays and the prevalence of depression in a hypertensive population using weighted univariate logistic regression analysis, weighted multivariate logistic regression analysis, weighted subgroup analysis, and weighted restricted cubic spline analysis. Results: Sleep time on workdays was significantly linked with depression in a multivariable logistic regression model that adjusted for all covariates (OR: 0.84, 95% CI: 0.77–0.92, P < 0.01). Additionally, grouping sleep time on workdays into quartiles (Q) revealed a link between reduced workday sleep duration and a higher risk of depression [Q1=(OR:1.00), Q2= (OR:0.50, 95% CI:0.38–0.67, P < 0.01), Q3= (OR:0.51,95% CI:0.38–0.67, P < 0.01), Q3= (OR:0.79, 95% CI:0.57–1.11, P = 0.17)]. We also conducted subgroup analyses for age, gender, race, education, marital status, use of tobacco and alcohol, and other health issues, and discovered moderating effects for sleep time on workdays and depression across these variables(P < 0.05). Finally, we used a weighted restricted cubic spline curve to investigate the non-linear association between sleep time on workdays and depression. We discovered a U-shaped relationship with an inflection point of 7.427. By further stratifying by gender, race, and marital status, we found a non-linear relationship between sleep time on workdays and depression. Conclusion: Our results indicate that less sleep time on workdays is associated with an increased risk of depression in people with hypertension.