The Biotechnological Potential of Bacteria Isolated From Environmental Samples of Mines and Reserve Areas in Honduras

Biotechnology provides sustainable solutions for soil and ecological deterioration resulting from human activities. This study investigated the biotechnological potential of strains isolated from environmental samples collected in protected areas and mines of Honduras, focusing on their application for producing biofertilizers and bioremediation. 63 samples were collected from: soil, soil covers, mine waters, and hot springs. From these, 118 bacterial strains were isolated and characterized using microbiological and molecular techniques. The genera Pseudomonas, Bacillus, Azospirillum, and Azotobacter were associated with some of the isolated strains and stood out for their ability to solubilize potassium, fix nitrogen and produce bioactive compounds. Isolates related to bacteria of the genera Bacillus and Pseudomonas demonstrated potential use in biotechnology. Furthermore, some strains exhibited significant genetic diversity and biological similarity to bacterial genera and species utilized in pollution remediation and soil fertility improvement. A small group shows atypical morphologies, including pleomorphic, filamentous structures, features with vacuole-like traits, pigment production, iridescence, and metallic sheen. These results highlight the microbial biodiversity present in soil covers of protected Honduran ecosystems and their importance as reservoirs of microorganisms with biotechnological applications. This study emphasizes the importance of preserving these natural regions, not only for biodiversity preservation but also for utilizing their potential in formulating sustainable solutions to environmental and agricultural challenges.