Antibacterial Properties of Medicinal Plant Extracts Against Antibiotic Resistant Organisms Isolated From an Abattoir in Lagos State

Antibacterial Properties of Medicinal Plant Extracts Against Antibiotic Resistant Organisms Isolated From an Abattoir in Lagos State | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Article Antibacterial Properties of Medicinal Plant Extracts Against Antibiotic Resistant Organisms Isolated From an Abattoir in Lagos State Oluwatobi Adetunji Abe, Olubukola Kuforiji This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-9252940/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Under Review Version 1 posted 13 You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract The rise in the utilization of medicinal plants for treating antibiotic-resistant pathogens in abattoirs in the present era has made the application of numerous plants containing active compounds that possess antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antibacterial properties very important. Based on this knowledge, this study aims to investigate the antibacterial effects of aqueous and ethanolic extracts of garlic, cloves and ginger against antibiotic-resistant bacteria isolated from an abattoir in Lagos State. The research results show that the dressing water has high bacterial counts on Nutrient and MacConkey agar (225 and 190 CFU/ml) respectively and few counts on Thiosulphate citrate bile salt agar (1.4 CFU/ml). After sequencing, the prevalent isolates were Staphylococcus ureilyticus (27%), Proteus terrae (23%), Staphylococcus arlettae (20%), Micrococcus aloeverae (20%) and Myroides odoratimimus (10%) listed in decreasing prevalence. Additionally, it was noted that the antibacterial activity of cloves, ginger and garlic against these isolates, using a disk diffusion assay, had a maximum zone of inhibition of 10–23 cm for cloves, 9–15 cm for ginger and 6–8 cm for garlic against the resistant organisms tested. The Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) obtained showed that different concentrations were effective against the five tested organisms. The screening of resistant bacteria using ethanolic and aqueous extracts of cloves, ginger and garlic showed greater inhibition zones with ethanolic cloves extract, followed by ginger. Molecular characterization of bacterial DNA showed an amplicon band size around 1,500 indicating bacterial genome with standard purity from the extraction. Thus, the active metabolites present in cloves, ginger and garlic exhibit potent anti- microbial properties against resistant organisms, including those commonly found in beef slaughtering and dressing water. By exploiting these spices' medicinal potential, we may be able to alleviate the growing concern about antibiotic resistance and enhance public health outcomes. Biological sciences/Biochemistry Biological sciences/Biotechnology Biological sciences/Microbiology Biological sciences/Plant sciences Resistant pathogens Disc-diffusion Zone of inhibition Amplicon Full Text Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Under Review Version 1 posted Editorial decision: Revision requested 27 Apr, 2026 Reviews received at journal 17 Apr, 2026 Reviews received at journal 15 Apr, 2026 Reviewers agreed at journal 15 Apr, 2026 Reviewers agreed at journal 14 Apr, 2026 Reviewers agreed at journal 13 Apr, 2026 Reviewers agreed at journal 13 Apr, 2026 Reviewers agreed at journal 13 Apr, 2026 Reviewers invited by journal 08 Apr, 2026 Editor invited by journal 06 Apr, 2026 Editor assigned by journal 01 Apr, 2026 Submission checks completed at journal 01 Apr, 2026 First submitted to journal 28 Mar, 2026 You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. 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Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-9252940","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":623433160,"identity":"9cfbb517-720b-4a02-996a-2ebc301b6174","order_by":0,"name":"Oluwatobi Adetunji Abe","email":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAAA4UlEQVRIiWNgGAWjYBAC+wM8DAceMBxgYJBgYHwAFODhI6SFjQGoJQGihdkApIWNGC0MUC1sEhARQlrYew8eSKi4I88/u/lY5dccOxk2BuaHj27g08JzLuFAwplnhjPuHEu7LbstGegwNmPjHHxaJHIMDiS2HWZsuJFjdltyGzNQCw+bNDFa7OffyP9WLLmtnngtiRtu5LAxftx2mAgtUL8kb7xzzFiacdtxHjZmQn5h7z384UPFHdt5t5sffvy5rdqen7354WN8WlAAMw+YJFY5CDD+IEX1KBgFo2AUjBgAAE9GTeQsRku5AAAAAElFTkSuQmCC","orcid":"","institution":"Anchor University Lagos","correspondingAuthor":true,"prefix":"","firstName":"Oluwatobi","middleName":"Adetunji","lastName":"Abe","suffix":""},{"id":623433161,"identity":"7a008d82-451f-4dd0-a0e6-6bb68427950a","order_by":1,"name":"Olubukola Kuforiji","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Olubukola","middleName":"","lastName":"Kuforiji","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2026-03-28 13:08:32","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":"","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-9252940/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-9252940/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":107480829,"identity":"556bfe4c-3367-4520-9b5c-27a364d433d9","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-04-22 02:13:44","extension":"pdf","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":821840,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"ABEOLUWATOBI28036P217pm.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-9252940/v1_covered_d8c6f14d-d124-400b-a8b9-03746a15adac.pdf"}],"financialInterests":"No competing interests reported.","formattedTitle":"\u003cp\u003eAntibacterial Properties of Medicinal Plant Extracts Against Antibiotic Resistant Organisms Isolated From an Abattoir in Lagos State\u003c/p\u003e","fulltext":[],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":false,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":false,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":false,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":true,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":true,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"scientific-reports","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"scirep","sideBox":"Learn more about [Scientific Reports](http://www.nature.com/srep/)","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"","title":"Scientific Reports","twitterHandle":"","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":true,"editorialSystem":"stoa","reportingPortfolio":"Scientific Reports","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"Resistant pathogens, Disc-diffusion, Zone of inhibition, Amplicon","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-9252940/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-9252940/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003eThe rise in the utilization of medicinal plants for treating antibiotic-resistant pathogens in abattoirs in the present era has made the application of numerous plants containing active compounds that possess antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antibacterial properties very important. Based on this knowledge, this study aims to investigate the antibacterial effects of aqueous and ethanolic extracts of garlic, cloves and ginger against antibiotic-resistant bacteria isolated from an abattoir in Lagos State. The research results show that the dressing water has high bacterial counts on Nutrient and MacConkey agar (225 and 190 CFU/ml) respectively and few counts on Thiosulphate citrate bile salt agar (1.4 CFU/ml). After sequencing, the prevalent isolates were \u003cem\u003eStaphylococcus ureilyticus\u003c/em\u003e (27%), \u003cem\u003eProteus terrae\u003c/em\u003e (23%), \u003cem\u003eStaphylococcus arlettae\u003c/em\u003e (20%), \u003cem\u003eMicrococcus aloeverae\u003c/em\u003e (20%) and \u003cem\u003eMyroides odoratimimus\u003c/em\u003e (10%) listed in decreasing prevalence. Additionally, it was noted that the antibacterial activity of cloves, ginger and garlic against these isolates, using a disk diffusion assay, had a maximum zone of inhibition of 10\u0026ndash;23 cm for cloves, 9\u0026ndash;15 cm for ginger and 6\u0026ndash;8 cm for garlic against the resistant organisms tested. The Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) obtained showed that different concentrations were effective against the five tested organisms. The screening of resistant bacteria using ethanolic and aqueous extracts of cloves, ginger and garlic showed greater inhibition zones with ethanolic cloves extract, followed by ginger. Molecular characterization of bacterial DNA showed an amplicon band size around 1,500 indicating bacterial genome with standard purity from the extraction. Thus, the active metabolites present in cloves, ginger and garlic exhibit potent anti- microbial properties against resistant organisms, including those commonly found in beef slaughtering and dressing water. By exploiting these spices' medicinal potential, we may be able to alleviate the growing concern about antibiotic resistance and enhance public health outcomes.\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"Antibacterial Properties of Medicinal Plant Extracts Against Antibiotic Resistant Organisms Isolated From an Abattoir in Lagos State","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2026-04-16 17:44:14","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-9252940/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0},{"type":"decision","content":"Revision requested","date":"2026-04-27T11:21:57+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvitedReview","content":"","date":"2026-04-17T07:57:44+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvitedReview","content":"","date":"2026-04-15T07:50:16+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"232506409803488211747623919159125842497","date":"2026-04-15T06:58:52+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"251362435235321875611338722560542489876","date":"2026-04-14T07:11:07+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"36550390296579627470686948700209766195","date":"2026-04-14T03:55:52+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"204766760384293201019691916574951374509","date":"2026-04-13T13:19:29+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"285142311579631573132835060717002736745","date":"2026-04-13T10:30:06+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewersInvited","content":"","date":"2026-04-09T02:56:06+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvited","content":"","date":"2026-04-06T11:21:38+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorAssigned","content":"","date":"2026-04-02T01:52:05+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"checksComplete","content":"","date":"2026-04-02T01:51:33+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"submitted","content":"Scientific Reports","date":"2026-03-28T12:56:26+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"scientific-reports","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"scirep","sideBox":"Learn more about [Scientific Reports](http://www.nature.com/srep/)","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"","title":"Scientific Reports","twitterHandle":"","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":true,"editorialSystem":"stoa","reportingPortfolio":"Scientific Reports","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"47186606-8a81-41a8-a529-7621ac2ff980","owner":[],"postedDate":"April 16th, 2026","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"under-review","subjectAreas":[{"id":66469033,"name":"Biological sciences/Biochemistry"},{"id":66469034,"name":"Biological sciences/Biotechnology"},{"id":66469035,"name":"Biological sciences/Microbiology"},{"id":66469036,"name":"Biological sciences/Plant sciences"}],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2026-05-11T07:25:42+00:00","versionOfRecord":[],"versionCreatedAt":"2026-04-16 17:44:14","video":"","vorDoi":"","vorDoiUrl":"","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-9252940","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-9252940","identity":"rs-9252940","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"XKTyCvWXoU3ODBz1xrDgd","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}