Does biological sex influence the mechanisms, assessment and treatment of pain? Disproportions in modern pain medicine

Experimental and clinical studies indicate that biological sex significantly influences pain perception, necessitating distinct approaches for diagnosis and treatment. However, the paper highlights that existing biological differences often lead to prejudices and discrimination against women, resulting in the underestimation of their pain intensity and neglect of conditions such as dysmenorrhea. Inadequate management of both acute and chronic pain synders is identified as a major consequence of this systemic bias in modern medicine. The authors argue that raising awareness of these sex differences at both clinical and societal levels is the essential first step toward counteracting such disparities. Relevance to endometriosis: listed as one indication for GnRH antagonists, though the paper's main focus is uterine fibroids.

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