Expert and Intelligent Vaccine Supply Chain Management for a Health Care System: A Comprehensive Survey

In the past global outbreak and recent pandemics, Vaccine Supply Chain Management (VSCM) plays a very prominent role. However, certain challenging research issues and their optimal solutions need to be highlighted in VSCM to provide an accurate platform for the scientific community. Most importantly, the logistical challenges of vaccinations have attracted the attention of the research/operations management community over the past few decades. Such as high levels of demand and supply uncertainty, decentralized decision-making among the supplier, public health organization, and consumers interaction; complicated political issues about VSCM allocation, and the critical need to take decisions and take action rapidly. To address this issue, this article discusses the process, characteristics, applications, pros, and cons of various expert and intelligent VSCM techniques from the existing literature. The main objective is to determine the most suitable approach for a given scenario, to optimize VSCM, and to create a standardized literature framework for pandemic preparedness in the future. Thus, a comprehensive platform related to VSCM is discussed in this paper along with their advantages and limitations and open research challenges. Moreover, the organization of the literature related to VSCM, scientific research gaps, and authors' viewpoints on model selection related to scientific problems in VSCM are also summarized. Finally, future research scopes are specified in terms of modeling and solution approaches, which will help policymakers understand the current difficulties in VSCM and their possible scientific solutions.