Income-Specific Effects of Renewable Energy on Asia’s Ecological Footprint. A Quintile Regression Study

Income-Specific Effects of Renewable Energy on Asia’s Ecological Footprint. A Quintile Regression Study | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Article Income-Specific Effects of Renewable Energy on Asia’s Ecological Footprint. A Quintile Regression Study Shakir Ullah, Wang Yadong, Tongyu Chen, Muttahir Hussain, Jin Xiao This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-7582448/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Under Review Version 1 posted 10 You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract The rapid pace of economic growth, demographic changes, and industrial transformation has intensified ecological pressure across Asia, making the transition to cleaner energy a pressing policy priority. This study explores the role of renewable energy consumption (REC) in shaping the ecological footprint (EFP) of 39 Asian countries between 1990 to 2020, distinguishing among high-income (HIC), upper-middle-income (UMIC), and lower-middle-income (LMIC) groups. Employing the Method of Moments Quantile Regression (MMQR), the analysis incorporates Economic Growth (EG), Population Density (PD), Energy Intensity (EI), and Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) to capture heterogeneous effects across the income spectrum. The findings reveal clear differences: in HICs, REC follows an N-shaped trajectory, initially worsening but later alleviating environmental stress; in UMICs, the results weakly support the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC), suggesting only tentative evidence of a turning point; while in LMICs, an N-shaped association appears, with REC increasing ecological pressure at lower quantiles but significantly reducing it at higher quantiles. These outcomes point to the dual nature of REC and emphasize the importance of income-sensitive thresholds in shaping environmental outcomes. By highlighting these divergent dynamics, the study contributes to ongoing policy discussions on renewable energy strategies and guides the design of context-specific interventions to curb ecological degradation and promote sustainable development in Asia. Biological sciences/Ecology Earth and environmental sciences/Ecology Earth and environmental sciences/Environmental sciences Earth and environmental sciences/Environmental social sciences Social science/Environmental studies Ecological Footprint Renewable Energy Economic Growth Quantile Regression Sustainable Development Full Text Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Under Review Version 1 posted Editorial decision: Revision requested 04 Feb, 2026 Reviews received at journal 14 Dec, 2025 Reviewers agreed at journal 07 Nov, 2025 Reviews received at journal 06 Nov, 2025 Reviewers agreed at journal 06 Nov, 2025 Reviewers agreed at journal 05 Nov, 2025 Reviewers invited by journal 05 Nov, 2025 Editor assigned by journal 28 Sep, 2025 Submission checks completed at journal 15 Sep, 2025 First submitted to journal 10 Sep, 2025 You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. 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