Low-Sintering-Temperature Na0.48La0.52-xNdxMoO4 Ceramics with Enhanced Q×f Value: Preparation and Structure-Property Correlation via P-V-L TheoryLn₂Zr3(MoO4)9 Ceramics

Low-Sintering-Temperature Na0.48La0.52-xNdxMoO4 Ceramics with Enhanced Q×f Value: Preparation and Structure-Property Correlation via P-V-L TheoryLn₂Zr3(MoO4)9 Ceramics | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article Low-Sintering-Temperature Na 0.48 La 0.52-x Nd x MoO 4 Ceramics with Enhanced Q× f Value: Preparation and Structure-Property Correlation via P-V-L TheoryLn₂Zr 3 (MoO 4 ) 9 Ceramics Xiuyuan Su, Yuan-Bin Chen, Ruxuan Tang This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-8490612/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Published Journal Publication published 05 Feb, 2026 Read the published version in Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics → Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract Based on the Na 0.48 La 0.52 MoO 4 ceramic, this study replaced La 3+ ions with Nd 3+ ions through ion substitution, which significantly increased the Q×f of Na 0.48 La 0.52 MoO 4 and reduced the sintering temperature. The good sintering state of this series of ceramics was demonstrated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and density tests. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Raman spectroscopy results revealed the formation of solid solutions without the presence of secondary phases or impurities, confirming the synthesis of single-phase molybdate series ceramics. The P-V-L theory indicated that the Na/La/Nd-O bond-to-bond ionicity (fi) contribution was dominant, while the Mo-O bond also played a significant role in the lattice energy (U), bond energy (E), and thermal expansion coefficient (α). Among them, the Na 0.48 La 0.48 Nd 0.04 MoO 4 ceramic achieved the best dielectric performance at 900℃, with ɛr=11.027±0.018, Q×f=113,805±6,358GHz and τf =-23.36ppm/℃. Through ion substitution, these materials all have low sintering temperatures and high Q×f values, making them ideal candidates for low-temperature co-fired ceramics (LTCC). Na0.48La0.52-xNdxMoO4 Microwave dielectric properties LTCC Full Text Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Published Journal Publication published 05 Feb, 2026 Read the published version in Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics → Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. Our growing team is made up of researchers and industry professionals working together to solve the most critical problems facing scientific publishing. Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-8490612","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":573573958,"identity":"fc8fabe0-d365-4037-8179-f89eb5cacc0c","order_by":0,"name":"Xiuyuan Su","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Zhaoqing University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Xiuyuan","middleName":"","lastName":"Su","suffix":""},{"id":573573959,"identity":"96073b6a-721c-4818-a42b-389aa03d3401","order_by":1,"name":"Yuan-Bin 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Q×\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ef\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/em\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e Value: Preparation and Structure-Property Correlation via P-V-L TheoryLn₂Zr\u003c/strong\u003e\u003csub\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e3\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/sub\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e(MoO\u003c/strong\u003e\u003csub\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e4\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/sub\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003csub\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e9\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/sub\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e Ceramics\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","fulltext":[],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":false,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":true,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":true,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":true,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":true,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"Na0.48La0.52-xNdxMoO4, Microwave dielectric properties, LTCC","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-8490612/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-8490612/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003eBased on the Na\u003csub\u003e0.48\u003c/sub\u003eLa\u003csub\u003e0.52\u003c/sub\u003eMoO\u003csub\u003e4\u003c/sub\u003e ceramic, this study replaced La\u003csup\u003e3+\u003c/sup\u003e ions with Nd\u003csup\u003e3+\u003c/sup\u003e ions through ion substitution, which significantly increased the Q×f of Na\u003csub\u003e0.48\u003c/sub\u003eLa\u003csub\u003e0.52\u003c/sub\u003eMoO\u003csub\u003e4\u003c/sub\u003e and reduced the sintering temperature. The good sintering state of this series of ceramics was demonstrated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and density tests. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Raman spectroscopy results revealed the formation of solid solutions without the presence of secondary phases or impurities, confirming the synthesis of single-phase molybdate series ceramics. The P-V-L theory indicated that the Na/La/Nd-O bond-to-bond ionicity (fi) contribution was dominant, while the Mo-O bond also played a significant role in the lattice energy (U), bond energy (E), and thermal expansion coefficient (α). Among them, the Na\u003csub\u003e0.48\u003c/sub\u003eLa\u003csub\u003e0.48\u003c/sub\u003eNd\u003csub\u003e0.04\u003c/sub\u003eMoO\u003csub\u003e4\u003c/sub\u003e ceramic achieved the best dielectric performance at 900℃, with ɛr=11.027±0.018, Q×f=113,805±6,358GHz and τf =-23.36ppm/℃. Through ion substitution, these materials all have low sintering temperatures and high Q×f values, making them ideal candidates for low-temperature co-fired ceramics (LTCC).\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"Low-Sintering-Temperature Na0.48La0.52-xNdxMoO4 Ceramics with Enhanced Q×f Value: Preparation and Structure-Property Correlation via P-V-L TheoryLn₂Zr3(MoO4)9 Ceramics","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2026-01-13 18:30:16","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-8490612/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"6d691548-e663-4cbf-a70b-b07419065723","owner":[],"postedDate":"January 13th, 2026","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"posted","subjectAreas":[],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2026-02-09T16:03:04+00:00","versionOfRecord":{"articleIdentity":"rs-8490612","link":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10854-026-16697-z","journal":{"identity":"journal-of-materials-science-materials-in-electronics","isVorOnly":false,"title":"Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics"},"publishedOn":"2026-02-05 15:58:30","publishedOnDateReadable":"February 5th, 2026"},"versionCreatedAt":"2026-01-13 18:30:16","video":"","vorDoi":"10.1007/s10854-026-16697-z","vorDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10854-026-16697-z","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-8490612","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-8490612","identity":"rs-8490612","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"XKTyCvWXoU3ODBz1xrDgd","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}