A DNS display of stronger centrifugal velocity in rotational axisymmetric turbulence

A DNS display of stronger centrifugal velocity in rotational axisymmetric turbulence | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article A DNS display of stronger centrifugal velocity in rotational axisymmetric turbulence Samuel David Dunstan This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-9467877/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract It is not new knowledge that when fluids undergo rotation, “fictitious forces” are introduced, the Coriolis force and centrifugal force. It is often interpreted that these fictitious forces occur due to consideration of the physics in the rotational reference frame. In Dunstan (2023) it was shown that in rotating axisymmetric turbulence, particularly in a concentric pipe with inner wall rotating, that regardless of the frame of the observer, the turbulent fluid behaves according to Coriolis motion dictated by observation in the rotating reference frame. It has also been known for a long time (eg. Einstein’s tea-leaf paradox discussion (Barkley (2020)) that fluids under rotation exhibit centrifugal force, which is also often attributed to fluid behaviour in the rotational frame. In the following paper we show that numerical experiments indicate that no matter the reference frame of the observer, “centrifugal” (outward radial) velocity appears to be stronger than “centripetal” (inward radial) velocity. The constraints of the continuity equation are considered. An attempt is made to equate the Gauss’ (divergence) theorem to Stokes (circulation) theorem, via the third moment of fluctuating radial velocity. rotational frame centripetal velocity divergence theorem Stokes theorem third central moment. Full Text Additional Declarations The authors declare no competing interests. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. Our growing team is made up of researchers and industry professionals working together to solve the most critical problems facing scientific publishing. Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-9467877","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":626031043,"identity":"41f25599-af2b-45f5-83e8-2822cd28887c","order_by":0,"name":"Samuel David Dunstan","email":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAABA0lEQVRIiWNgGAWjYNCCAmYGhgMQphyIOPCAoBYDqBYgNgZrSSBFS2IDSACfFvn202kSHwysGfhu5B7+/KHmTvr8sMMPgbbYyek24DD/TO42yRkG6QySN/LSJA4ce5a78XaaAVBLsrHZARxaGHK3SfMYHGYwuJFjxnCA7XDuxtkJIC0HErfh0CLf/3ab9B+IFuMPB/4dTjecnf4BrxaGG0BbGCBaDCQOth1OkJfOwW+LwY23my17DNJ5JM+8MZM423fYcIN0TsGBBAPcfpHvz91440eFtRzfcaDDKr4dlpefnb75w4cKOzlcWmCAB2HvAUiwkADkG0hRPQpGwSgYBSMBAAD/SWgWVAr9ngAAAABJRU5ErkJggg==","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7738-2401","institution":"The Papua New Guinea University of Technology","correspondingAuthor":true,"prefix":"","firstName":"Samuel","middleName":"David","lastName":"Dunstan","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2026-04-20 06:44:44","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":{"humanSubjects":false,"vertebrateSubjects":false,"conflictsOfInterestStatement":false,"humanSubjectEthicalGuidelines":false,"humanSubjectConsent":false,"humanSubjectClinicalTrial":false,"humanSubjectCaseReport":false,"vertebrateSubjectEthicalGuidelines":false},"doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-9467877/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-9467877/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":107868985,"identity":"fc1c70da-13fd-4584-bcee-889d3da4cde8","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-04-27 07:35:31","extension":"pdf","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":514218,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"SDDunstanADNSdisplayofstrongercentrifugalvelocity.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-9467877/v1_covered_b1d0d5ce-e089-4ffa-b4f8-ca8977de8860.pdf"}],"financialInterests":"The authors declare no competing interests.","formattedTitle":"\u003cp\u003eA DNS display of stronger centrifugal velocity in rotational axisymmetric turbulence\u003c/p\u003e","fulltext":[],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[{"identity":"32c79519-65d8-47e0-93e8-954508228f7b","identifier":"10.13039/501100000867","name":"Commonwealth Scholarship Commission","awardNumber":"PGCA-2016-96","order_by":0}],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":false,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":true,"hideJournal":true,"highlight":"","institution":"Papua New Guinea University of Technology","isAcceptedByJournal":false,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":true,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":true,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"rotational frame, centripetal velocity, divergence theorem, Stokes theorem, third central moment.","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-9467877/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-9467877/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003eIt is not new knowledge that when fluids undergo rotation, “fictitious forces” are introduced, the Coriolis force and centrifugal force. 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