Complex associated factors of depression in general population

Depression is a common and serious mental phenomenon that affects many people. Previous studies have mostly focused on the simple and direct association between depression and other factors, ignoring the potential interactions and complexities. This study uses data from the National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) on noninstitutionalized US adults to explore the possible complex and multidimensional nature of depression by considering all pairwise interaction terms across variables. Some of the findings are the association between sexual orientation and depression is moderated by how often individuals have trouble relaxing or feel on edge; the association between education level and depression is influenced by how worried they are about paying medical bills and their age; and various pain variables are associated with higher levels of depression, such as back pain and sleeping problem. The study concludes that depression is a complex phenomenon that requires careful consideration of its associated factors. It also suggests that special attention should be given to the lower educated, younger, smokers, people with pain and sexual minority groups.