Optimization Design and Cutting Performance Analysis of a Novel High-Speed Dry Cutting Hob with Variable Rake Angle

Optimization Design and Cutting Performance Analysis of a Novel High-Speed Dry Cutting Hob with Variable Rake Angle | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article Optimization Design and Cutting Performance Analysis of a Novel High-Speed Dry Cutting Hob with Variable Rake Angle Yongpeng Chen, Jin Dai, Lin Li This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-6746729/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Published Journal Publication published 21 Apr, 2026 Read the published version in The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology → Version 1 posted 5 You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract To address the issues of significant variations and steep gradients in the working rake angle along the side cutting edges of high-speed dry gear hob, particularly at transitional arc regions, this study proposes a variable rake angle hob with a twisted rake face. The designed hob features spatially curved side cutting edges, where the rake angle varies continuously along the cutting edge to balance the differential working rake angles on both sides. Firstly, an analytical expression for the working rake angle was established, and the influence of hob geometry parameters and gear machining parameters on the rake angle distribution along the cutting edge was systematically investigated. Subsequently, based on the correlation between the twisted rake face parameters and the working rake angle, the cutting edge was divided into two segments. A genetic algorithm was employed to optimize the twisted parameters, minimizing the gradient of the working rake angle variation along the cutting edge. Finally, finite element simulation experiments were conducted to compare the cutting performance of conventional and variable rake angle hob. The results demonstrate that the proposed hob achieves an average reduction of 286°C in maximum cutting temperature with more uniform temperature distribution on the rake face. Additionally, the average cutting force is reduced by up to 12.73%, accompanied by improved stress uniformity across the tool teeth. These findings validate the superior performance of the variable rake angle hob in high-speed dry gear hobbing applications. Variable Rake Angle Gear Hob Working Rake Angle Twisted Rake Face Gear Hobbing Simulation Cutting Load Full Text Cite Share Download PDF Status: Published Journal Publication published 21 Apr, 2026 Read the published version in The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology → Version 1 posted Editorial decision: Minor Revisions Needed 18 Mar, 2026 Reviewers agreed at journal 16 Jul, 2025 Reviewers invited by journal 16 Jul, 2025 Editor assigned by journal 26 May, 2025 First submitted to journal 25 May, 2025 You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. 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Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-6746729","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":486168120,"identity":"b7877906-0f82-4745-9e7f-51d05a49983f","order_by":0,"name":"Yongpeng Chen","email":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAAAy0lEQVRIiWNgGAWjYHACNiC2AeIDIA4z0VrSgPgwaVoOw1QTocXgdvOzBx93nJfnO3j+mARDhXViA/vZA/i13DlmbjjzzG3DmQcOs0kwnElPbODJS8Cv5UYOmzRv2+0EA5AWxrbDiQ0SPAaEtfxtOwfV8o9YLYxtB6BaGojQInnnmJlkb1syyC/GFgnH0o3beHLwa+EDhpjEzzY7eb4bBx/e+FBjLdvPfga/FoUbMNaNAwwMCQyQaMIL5GfAWOcbCKkdBaNgFIyCkQoA6j9Jzlqpaf4AAAAASUVORK5CYII=","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2833-1560","institution":"Chongqing Jiaotong University","correspondingAuthor":true,"prefix":"","firstName":"Yongpeng","middleName":"","lastName":"Chen","suffix":""},{"id":486168121,"identity":"b9052ce4-a49e-4180-9eb8-455487412b8b","order_by":1,"name":"Jin Dai","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Jin","middleName":"","lastName":"Dai","suffix":""},{"id":486168122,"identity":"5151e148-b668-4785-92a8-8bc6cfec40a2","order_by":2,"name":"Lin Li","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Lin","middleName":"","lastName":"Li","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2025-05-26 03:41:46","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":"","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-6746729/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-6746729/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[{"content":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00170-026-18014-8","type":"published","date":"2026-04-21T15:58:47+00:00"}],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":107927842,"identity":"e5dfc7dd-2af9-4a75-b0a6-1ab2b52e00f3","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-04-27 16:05:25","extension":"pdf","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":802455,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"VariableRakeAngleHob.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-6746729/v1_covered_01aba06e-3e5f-4d94-b8ee-a1d6ae19f178.pdf"}],"financialInterests":"","formattedTitle":"Optimization Design and Cutting Performance Analysis of a Novel High-Speed Dry Cutting Hob with Variable Rake Angle","fulltext":[],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":false,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":false,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":true,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":true,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":true,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"the-international-journal-of-advanced-manufacturing-technology","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"jamt","sideBox":"Learn more about [The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology](https://www.springer.com/journal/170)","snPcode":"170","submissionUrl":"https://submission.nature.com/new-submission/170/3","title":"The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology","twitterHandle":"","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":true,"editorialSystem":"em","reportingPortfolio":"Springer Hybrid","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":false},"keywords":"Variable Rake Angle Gear Hob, Working Rake Angle, Twisted Rake Face, Gear Hobbing Simulation, Cutting Load","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-6746729/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-6746729/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003eTo address the issues of significant variations and steep gradients in the working rake angle along the side cutting edges of high-speed dry gear hob, particularly at transitional arc regions, this study proposes a variable rake angle hob with a twisted rake face. The designed hob features spatially curved side cutting edges, where the rake angle varies continuously along the cutting edge to balance the differential working rake angles on both sides. Firstly, an analytical expression for the working rake angle was established, and the influence of hob geometry parameters and gear machining parameters on the rake angle distribution along the cutting edge was systematically investigated. Subsequently, based on the correlation between the twisted rake face parameters and the working rake angle, the cutting edge was divided into two segments. A genetic algorithm was employed to optimize the twisted parameters, minimizing the gradient of the working rake angle variation along the cutting edge. Finally, finite element simulation experiments were conducted to compare the cutting performance of conventional and variable rake angle hob. The results demonstrate that the proposed hob achieves an average reduction of 286\u0026deg;C in maximum cutting temperature with more uniform temperature distribution on the rake face. Additionally, the average cutting force is reduced by up to 12.73%, accompanied by improved stress uniformity across the tool teeth. These findings validate the superior performance of the variable rake angle hob in high-speed dry gear hobbing applications.\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"Optimization Design and Cutting Performance Analysis of a Novel High-Speed Dry Cutting Hob with Variable Rake Angle","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2025-07-18 05:13:43","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-6746729/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0},{"type":"decision","content":"Minor Revisions Needed","date":"2026-03-18T06:32:51+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"","date":"2025-07-16T13:02:21+00:00","index":0,"fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewersInvited","content":"","date":"2025-07-16T07:37:03+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorAssigned","content":"","date":"2025-05-27T02:57:48+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"submitted","content":"The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology","date":"2025-05-25T23:40:32+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"the-international-journal-of-advanced-manufacturing-technology","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"jamt","sideBox":"Learn more about [The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology](https://www.springer.com/journal/170)","snPcode":"170","submissionUrl":"https://submission.nature.com/new-submission/170/3","title":"The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology","twitterHandle":"","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":true,"editorialSystem":"em","reportingPortfolio":"Springer Hybrid","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":false}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"577ab8b9-5544-439f-a4ae-2ad86a26f653","owner":[],"postedDate":"July 18th, 2025","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"published-in-journal","subjectAreas":[],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2026-04-27T16:03:00+00:00","versionOfRecord":{"articleIdentity":"rs-6746729","link":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00170-026-18014-8","journal":{"identity":"the-international-journal-of-advanced-manufacturing-technology","isVorOnly":false,"title":"The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology"},"publishedOn":"2026-04-21 15:58:47","publishedOnDateReadable":"April 21st, 2026"},"versionCreatedAt":"2025-07-18 05:13:43","video":"","vorDoi":"10.1007/s00170-026-18014-8","vorDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00170-026-18014-8","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-6746729","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-6746729","identity":"rs-6746729","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"8U1c8b4HqxoKbykW_rLl7","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}