Improvement method of frequency distribution characteristics of power grid based on integrated inertial control

Improvement method of frequency distribution characteristics of power grid based on integrated inertial control | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article Improvement method of frequency distribution characteristics of power grid based on integrated inertial control Liang Wang, Yongnan Luo, Lantao Jing This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-6009751/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Published Journal Publication published 20 Apr, 2026 Read the published version in Electrical Engineering → Version 1 posted 7 You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract The integration of large-scale renewable energy sources alters the frequency response characteristics at various nodes and exacerbates the spatial distribution of frequency within the grid. Current virtual inertia control methods for renewable energy sources are insufficient in providing adequate frequency support to the grid and face challenges in improving the spatial distribution of frequency characteristics. This study proposes an integrated inertia control approach that aims to improve the inertia support, frequency regulation capabilities, and frequency distribution characteristics of the power grid. Initially, an integrated inertia control model for renewable energy units is developed, incorporating parameters such as virtual inertia control, sag control, and torque control, to bolster the frequency response capabilities at system nodes. Subsequently, a mathematical model is constructed to quantitatively analyze the frequency spatial distribution characteristics of the nodes of the system, along with the introduction of quantitative indices to assess these characteristics. Finally, an enhanced IEEE 10-39 simulation model is used for analysis, with experimental results demonstrating that the proposed integrated inertia control method for renewable energy units significantly improves the frequency spatial distribution characteristics of the power grid. Furthermore, the mathematical model developed for the characteristics of the spatial distribution of frequencies exhibits a high level of precision. Renewable energy unit Frequency response Frequency spatial distribution characteristics Integrated inertia control Full Text Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Published Journal Publication published 20 Apr, 2026 Read the published version in Electrical Engineering → Version 1 posted Editorial decision: Revision requested 18 Mar, 2025 Reviews received at journal 16 Mar, 2025 Reviewers agreed at journal 07 Mar, 2025 Reviewers invited by journal 05 Mar, 2025 Editor assigned by journal 13 Feb, 2025 Submission checks completed at journal 12 Feb, 2025 First submitted to journal 11 Feb, 2025 You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. 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Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-6009751","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":415167128,"identity":"af8f2094-4ba4-43e1-97fa-507015f0f42d","order_by":0,"name":"Liang Wang","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Shenyang Institute of Engineering","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Liang","middleName":"","lastName":"Wang","suffix":""},{"id":415167129,"identity":"969875b1-22ee-48d7-b7dd-db23ace144a4","order_by":1,"name":"Yongnan Luo","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Shenyang Institute of Engineering","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Yongnan","middleName":"","lastName":"Luo","suffix":""},{"id":415167130,"identity":"9c71a54e-7640-4fff-b199-59d62b0ed4c2","order_by":2,"name":"Lantao Jing","email":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAAAxUlEQVRIiWNgGAWjYBACxmYg8YDBhoENxOMhWktCQhoJWsAgIeEwhEGUFuZ23sMvEn+ct+djb2B88LaNQd6csMP40iwSEm4ntvEcYDac28ZguLOBoBYeMwOglgQ2iQQ2ad42hgSDA8RpOWfPJv+A/TexWowfJCQcYGyTYGBjJtoWhoS0ZKBfEpsl55yTMNxASIth/xnjDx9s7Ozl2w8f/PCmzEaeoC2GDQxsElALG4CEBAH1QCAPjJoPhJWNglEwCkbBiAYAjJE5jn0qZiQAAAAASUVORK5CYII=","orcid":"","institution":"Shenyang Institute of Engineering","correspondingAuthor":true,"prefix":"","firstName":"Lantao","middleName":"","lastName":"Jing","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2025-02-11 18:23:21","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":"","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-6009751/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-6009751/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[{"content":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00202-026-03593-2","type":"published","date":"2026-04-20T15:59:02+00:00"}],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":107927817,"identity":"92c59a6c-0aa4-4750-8ed8-4ad4fc8180b5","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-04-27 16:04:50","extension":"pdf","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":2861465,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Improvementmethodoffrequencydistributioncharacteristicsofpowergridbasedonintegratedinertialcontrol.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-6009751/v1_covered_420ddc10-cbf9-4df1-8f21-68e3ccdec9e8.pdf"}],"financialInterests":"No competing interests reported.","formattedTitle":"Improvement method of frequency distribution characteristics of power grid based on integrated inertial control","fulltext":[],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":false,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":false,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":true,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":true,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":true,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"electrical-engineering","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"elen","sideBox":"Learn more about [Electrical Engineering](http://link.springer.com/journal/202)","snPcode":"202","submissionUrl":"https://submission.nature.com/new-submission/202/3","title":"Electrical Engineering","twitterHandle":"","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":true,"editorialSystem":"em","reportingPortfolio":"Springer Hybrid","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":false},"keywords":"Renewable energy unit, Frequency response, Frequency spatial distribution characteristics, Integrated inertia control","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-6009751/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-6009751/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003eThe integration of large-scale renewable energy sources alters the frequency response characteristics at various nodes and exacerbates the spatial distribution of frequency within the grid. 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