Determinants of Numbers on Antenatal Care Visits in Rural Ethiopia: A Multilevel Negative Binomial Regression Analysis
preprint
OA: closed
AI-generated deep summary
This study analyzed data from the 2016 Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey to identify determinants of antenatal care visit numbers among 6,611 women in rural Ethiopia. Using multilevel negative binomial regression, the authors found that higher maternal and partner education, wealth status, decision-making autonomy, and community literacy were positively associated with increased visits, while high birth order and community poverty were negatively associated. The research highlights significant disparities in healthcare access driven by socioeconomic factors rather than specific gynecological pathologies. The paper does not explicitly discuss endometriosis or adenomyosis; it was included in the corpus via a keyword match in the upstream search index.
Read from the paper's body, not the abstract. Not a substitute for reading the paper. No clinical advice. How this works
Abstract
Introduction: Antenatal care (ANC) is an umbrella term used to describe medical care and procedures that are carried out for pregnant women. Data on the number of antenatal care visits can help policymakers to show the gap in service provision. So, the paper determines associated factors of the number of antenatal care visits among women who gave birth in the last five years in rural Ethiopia. Methods: : Total weighted sample of 6611 women who gave birth in the 5 years preceding the survey were included from the nationally representative 2016 Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey. We used multi-level negative binomial regression analysis to consider the hierarchal nature of the data. In the multivariable analysis, variables with a p-value < 0.05 were considered to be significantly associated with the number of antenatal care visits. Results: : Overall, 27.3% (95% CI: 14.63, 15.76) of women had at least four antenatal care visits during their pregnancy in rural Ethiopia. Age group 25-29 years (adjusted incidence rate ratio (AIRR)=1.13,95% CI:1.02,1.26), household rich wealth status (AIRR=1.17, 95% CI:1.04,1.31), women’s educational status (primary, AIRR=1.19,95% CI:1.08,1.32; Secondary, AIRR= 1.30,95% CI:1.08,1.55; above secondary, AIRR=1.35, 95%CI:1.07,1.71), partner educational status (primary, AIRR=1.16, 95%CI:1.05,1.28; secondary, AIRR=1.22,95% CI:1.08,1.38), and autonomy to decision to their care (AIRR=1.25,95%CI:1.10,1.42) were positively associated individual-level factors with number of antenatal care visits whereas having a birth order of five or more (AIRR=0.80,95% CI: 0.69,0.94) was a negatively associated factor with number of antenatal care visits. Among community-level variables; being in higher community level literacy (AIRR=1.35, 95% CI: 1.14, 1.59) and higher poverty level (AIRR=0.77, 95% CI: 0.64, 0.92) were significantly associated factors with the number of antenatal care visits. Conclusions: and recommendations: The level of antenatal care visits in rural areas was low. Age of women, wealth status, women's educational status, partner educational status, autonomy to decision making in health care, and birth order were the most important associated factors with the number of antenatal care visits. Furthermore, poverty and literacy are also important determinants at the community level. Addressing economic and educational interventions for rural women should be given the top priority.
Full text
72,774 characters
· extracted from
preprint-html
· click to expand
Determinants of Numbers on Antenatal Care Visits in Rural Ethiopia: A Multilevel Negative Binomial Regression Analysis | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article Determinants of Numbers on Antenatal Care Visits in Rural Ethiopia: A Multilevel Negative Binomial Regression Analysis Melkalem Mamuye Azanaw, Alemayehu Digssie Gebremariam, Fentaw Teshome Dagnew, and 7 more This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-283138/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract Introduction : Antenatal care (ANC) is an umbrella term used to describe medical care and procedures that are carried out for pregnant women. Data on the number of antenatal care visits can help policymakers to show the gap in service provision. So, the paper determines associated factors of the number of antenatal care visits among women who gave birth in the last five years in rural Ethiopia. Methods: Total weighted sample of 6611 women who gave birth in the 5 years preceding the survey were included from the nationally representative 2016 Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey. We used multi-level negative binomial regression analysis to consider the hierarchal nature of the data. In the multivariable analysis, variables with a p-value < 0.05 were considered to be significantly associated with the number of antenatal care visits. Results: Overall, 27.3% (95% CI: 14.63, 15.76) of women had at least four antenatal care visits during their pregnancy in rural Ethiopia. Age group 25-29 years (adjusted incidence rate ratio (AIRR)=1.13,95% CI:1.02,1.26), household rich wealth status (AIRR=1.17, 95% CI:1.04,1.31), women’s educational status (primary, AIRR=1.19,95% CI:1.08,1.32; Secondary, AIRR= 1.30,95% CI:1.08,1.55; above secondary, AIRR=1.35, 95%CI:1.07,1.71), partner educational status (primary, AIRR=1.16, 95%CI:1.05,1.28; secondary, AIRR=1.22,95% CI:1.08,1.38), and autonomy to decision to their care (AIRR=1.25,95%CI:1.10,1.42) were positively associated individual-level factors with number of antenatal care visits whereas having a birth order of five or more (AIRR=0.80,95% CI: 0.69,0.94) was a negatively associated factor with number of antenatal care visits. Among community-level variables; being in higher community level literacy (AIRR=1.35, 95% CI: 1.14, 1.59) and higher poverty level (AIRR=0.77, 95% CI: 0.64, 0.92) were significantly associated factors with the number of antenatal care visits. Conclusions and recommendations: The level of antenatal care visits in rural areas was low. Age of women, wealth status, women's educational status, partner educational status, autonomy to decision making in health care, and birth order were the most important associated factors with the number of antenatal care visits. Furthermore, poverty and literacy are also important determinants at the community level. Addressing economic and educational interventions for rural women should be given the top priority. Health Economics & Outcomes Research Health Policy Antenatal care Women Rural Ethiopia Multilevel Negative Binomial count analysis Figures Figure 1 Full Text Tables Table 1: Sociodemographic characteristics of women who gave birth within the last five years preceding the survey in rural Ethiopia, EDHS 2016, 2020(N=6611). Variable Category Unweight n (%) Weighted n (%) Age in years Mean ± SD 29.4 ± 7.1 29.7 ± 7.1 15–24 1,498(26.4) 1,622(24.5) 25-29 1,495(26.4) 1,770(26.8) 30-49 2,674 (47.2) 3,219 (48.7) Region Tigray 630(11.1) 438(6.6) Afar 571(10.1) 57 (0.9) Amhara 688(12.1) 1,410(21.3) Oromia 968(17.1) 2,916(44.1) Somali 646(11.4) 226(3.4) Benishangul Gumz 536(9.5) 74(1.1) SNNPR 813(14.3) 1,452(22.0) Gambela 393(6.9) 12(0.2) Harari 246(4.3) 10(0.2) Dire Dawa 176(3.1) 16(0.2) Religion Orthodox Christian 1,650 (29.1) 2,332(35.3) Muslim 2,753(48.6) 2,596(39.3) Protestant 1,122(19.8) 1,463(22.1) Other 142(2.5) 221(3.3) Educational status of women No education 3,973(70.1) 4,555(68.9) Primary 1,423(25.1) 1,833(27.7) Secondary 222(3.9) 191(2.9) Above 49(0.9) 33(0.5) Educational status of partner/husband No education 2,909(54.8) 3,194(51.4) Primary 1,785(33.6) 2,479(39.9) Secondary 387(7.3) 382(6.1) Above 200(3.8) 129(2.1) Don't know 32(0.6) 33(0.5) Current marital status Single/separated 81(1.4) 114(1.7) Married/in union 5,313(93.8) 6,218(94.1) Divorced/Widowed 273(4.8) 279(4.2) Occupation status of women No work 3,315(58.5) 3,681(55.7) Agriculture employee 1,389(24.5) 1,706(25.8) Non agriculture workers 963(17.0) 1,225(18.5) Sex of household head Female 1,100(19.4) 871(13.2) Male 4,567(80.6) 5,741(86.8) Household wealth status Poor 3,506(61.9) 3,243(49.1) Middle 993(17.5) 1,565(23.7) Rich 1,168(20.6) 1,803(27.2) Total 5,667(100) 6,611(100) Table 2: Maternal, Obstetric, and health service-related characteristics of women who gave birth within the last five years preceding the survey in rural Ethiopia, EDHS 2016, 2020. Variable Category Unweight n (%) Weighted n (%) Family size Less than five 2,571 (45.4) 2,962 (44.8) Five to ten 2,929 (51.6) 3,451 (52.2) Greater than ten 167 (3.0) 197 (3.0) Autonomy to the decision of health care No 1,524 (26.9) 1,721 (26.0) Yes 4,143 (73.1) 4,890 (74.0) Distance to the health facility Not big problem 2,189 (38.6) 2,371 (35.9) Big problem 3,478 (61.4) 4,240 (64.1) Birth order one 950 (16.8) 1,099(16.6) Two to five 2,994 (52.8) 3,475 (52.6) Greater than five 1,723 (30.4) 2,037 (30.8) Community-level poverty Low 2,821(48.5) 4,611(69.8) High 2,991(51.5) 1,999(30.2) Community-level literacy Low 2,644(45.5) 2,452( 37.1) High 3,168(54.5) 4,159(62.9) Total 5,667(100) 6,611(100) Table 3: Multi-level Negative binomial regression on the number of Antenatal care among women who gave birth within the last five years preceding the survey in rural Ethiopia, EDHS 2016, 2020. Variables Category CIRR (95%CI) Model I(Null) Model II (AIRR (95% CI)) Mode III (AIRR (95%CI)) Full Model (AIRR (95%CI)) Age of women 15-24 1 1 1 25-29 1.03(0.95,1.13) 1.14(1.03,1.27) 1.13 (1.02, 1.26) * 30-49 0.85(0.77,0.92) 1.06(0.93,1.21) 1.04 (0.91, 1.19) Educational status of women No education 1 1 1 Primary 1.29(1.19,1.40) 1.21(1.01,1.34) 1.19 (1.08, 1.32)*** Secondary 1.48(1.30,1.69) 1.32(1.11,1.58) 1.30 (1.08, 1.55)* Above 1.84(1.62,2.09) 1.36(1.08,1.73) 1.35 (1.07, 1.71)* Educational status of Husband No education 1 1 1 Primary 1.26(1.16,1.37) 1.17(1.07,1.29) 1.16 (1.05, 1.28)* Secondary 1.46(1.31,1.63) 1.24(1.09,1.39) 1.22 (1.08, 1.38) ** Above 1.44(1.24,1.66) 1.05(0.84,1.33) 1.05 (0.83, 1.32) Occupational status of women No work 1 1 1 Agriculture 1.02(0.92,1.14) 1.11(0.98,1.25) 1.10 (0.97, 1.25) Non-agriculture 1.13(1.01,1.26) 1.13(1.01,1.28) 1.13 (1.01, 1.27) Wealth status Poor 1 1 1 Middle 1.11(1.01,1.23) 1.11(0.99,1.25) 1.08 (0.96, 1.21) Rich 1.27(1.15,1.41) 1.22(1.09,1.36) 1.17 (1.04, 1.31) * Family size 10 0.93(0.70,1.25) 1.04(0.71,1.52) 1.05 (0.72, 1.54) Autonomy to the decision of health care No 1 1 1 Yes 1.21(1.09,1.33) 1.26(1.11,1.43) 1.25 (1.10, 1.42)*** Distance to a health facility Not a big problem 1 1 1 Big problem 0.92(0.84,1.01) 0.93(0.85,1.02) 0.86 (0.96, 1.03) Birth order 1 1 1 1 2-5 0.87(0.79,0.96) 0.89(0.79,0.99) 0.88 (0.79,0.99)* >5 0.74(0.67,0.82) 0.80(0.68,0.93) 0.80 (0.69,0.94)* Community-level literacy Lower 1 1 1 Higher 1.87 (1.61,2.19) 1.53(1.29,1.81) 1.35 (1.14, 1.59)*** Community-level poverty Lower 1 1 1 Higher 0.54(0.46,0.63) 0.68 (0.57,0.82) 0.77 (0.64,0.92)* Random effects ICC (%) 10.7 Log-likelihood (LL) -12439.9 -11530.33 -12395.74 -11,508.22 PCV-Explained variation (%) 74.9 CIRR= Crude incidence rate ratio; AIRR: Adjusted incidence rate ratio; CI: confidence interval; * = significant at p-value 0.05-0.01, **=significant at p-value 0.01, ***= significant at p-value 0.001; 1: reference group; SNNP = Southern nation, nationalities and peoples; Others = Catholic and traditional religion followers; Model I=model without independent variables; Model II= model includes only individual level variables; Model III=model includes only community level &continuous variables; Full model=model includes all variables; ICC=intra cluster correlation; PCV =percent change of variance Table 4 not available with this version Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. Our growing team is made up of researchers and industry professionals working together to solve the most critical problems facing scientific publishing. Also discoverable on Platform About In Review Editorial Policies Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-283138","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":15543623,"identity":"f84636e2-5880-44e3-a4c0-4f0f4bcc6e83","order_by":0,"name":"Melkalem Mamuye Azanaw","email":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAAA6klEQVRIiWNgGAWjYFAC5mYGhgIGBn5m5gNAnoQMEVoYgVoMGBgk29kSQFp4iNdicJ7HAMQlrEW3vbHZ4IeBTTTDYZ7Pr27UWPAwsB8+ugGfFrMzB5sTewzSchubebdZ5xwDOownLe0GXi03EpsP8Bgczm1m5t1mnMMG1CLBY4Zfy/2HzQf/GPzPbWPmeWac848YLTcYm5N5DA7k9jDzMD/ObSNGy5nEZmMZg+TcGcxsZsy5fRI8bAT9cvzwYck3FXa5+88ffvw551udHD/74WN4tSADNgkwSaxyEGD+QIrqUTAKRsEoGDkAAPcwR01fXWitAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC","orcid":"","institution":"Debre Tabor University","correspondingAuthor":true,"submittingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Melkalem","middleName":"Mamuye","lastName":"Azanaw","suffix":""},{"id":15543624,"identity":"e20a7519-2fa5-4699-b5aa-a65541ed82d8","order_by":1,"name":"Alemayehu Digssie Gebremariam","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Debre Tabor University","correspondingAuthor":false,"submittingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Alemayehu","middleName":"Digssie","lastName":"Gebremariam","suffix":""},{"id":15543625,"identity":"f99f366b-ac8f-4941-9dbc-d257a3645a3d","order_by":2,"name":"Fentaw Teshome Dagnew","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Debre Tabor University","correspondingAuthor":false,"submittingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Fentaw","middleName":"Teshome","lastName":"Dagnew","suffix":""},{"id":15543626,"identity":"4e48686b-2265-4ca7-81ac-cf28de984228","order_by":3,"name":"Hiwot Yisak Dawid","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Debre Tabor University","correspondingAuthor":false,"submittingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Hiwot","middleName":"Yisak","lastName":"Dawid","suffix":""},{"id":15543627,"identity":"1c906692-ae6d-4143-a47a-8944c3ed181a","order_by":4,"name":"Getaneh Atikilt Yemata","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Debre Tabor University","correspondingAuthor":false,"submittingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Getaneh","middleName":"Atikilt","lastName":"Yemata","suffix":""},{"id":15543629,"identity":"a0b55257-8586-4f7d-b486-da26983e2c9c","order_by":5,"name":"Binyam Minuye Birhanie","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Debre Tabor University","correspondingAuthor":false,"submittingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Binyam","middleName":"Minuye","lastName":"Birhanie","suffix":""},{"id":15543632,"identity":"44a82cd9-f9c8-4192-b2b6-6ffe9351df9c","order_by":6,"name":"Melaku Tadege Engidaw","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Debre Tabor University","correspondingAuthor":false,"submittingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Melaku","middleName":"Tadege","lastName":"Engidaw","suffix":""},{"id":15543635,"identity":"c2728ff4-4972-4b63-953d-4165d3f260bd","order_by":7,"name":"Desalegn Tesfa Asnakew","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Debre Tabor University","correspondingAuthor":false,"submittingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Desalegn","middleName":"Tesfa","lastName":"Asnakew","suffix":""},{"id":15543637,"identity":"bfe5eeca-f148-4e38-9dc0-87686b3338b5","order_by":8,"name":"Edgiet Abebe Zewde","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Debre Tabor University","correspondingAuthor":false,"submittingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Edgiet","middleName":"Abebe","lastName":"Zewde","suffix":""},{"id":15543638,"identity":"d50fe581-a1f1-4fc5-91c4-633d0ae80374","order_by":9,"name":"Sofonyas Abebaw Tiruneh","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Debre Tabor University","correspondingAuthor":false,"submittingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Sofonyas","middleName":"Abebaw","lastName":"Tiruneh","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2021-02-27 09:59:04","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":"","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-283138/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-283138/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":6908119,"identity":"fe3c96d8-33e7-4606-9fe6-fd56cc137876","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2021-03-12 23:52:31","extension":"jpg","order_by":1,"title":"Figure 1","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":49728,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"proportion of the number of antenatal care visits for women who gave birth within the last five years preceding the survey in rural Ethiopia, EDHS 2016, 2020(N=6611).","description":"","filename":"fig1.jpg","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-283138/v1/99c8f2f79c53cafae3533e63.jpg"},{"id":13606634,"identity":"0977c8f7-1b73-44c6-8333-c5e8a9bd9bf6","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2021-09-17 06:08:52","extension":"pdf","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":372940,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Manuscript.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-283138/v1_covered.pdf"},{"id":9053757,"identity":"a86ac6b4-e87b-4293-841f-d10ab7c2dc96","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2021-05-11 16:09:22","extension":"pdf","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":374000,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Manuscript.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-283138/v1_covered.pdf"},{"id":6908474,"identity":"614c4860-4b37-4237-8e16-8ded54534d55","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2021-03-12 23:55:36","extension":"pdf","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":642175,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Manuscript.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-283138/v1_stamped.pdf"}],"financialInterests":"No competing interests reported.","formattedTitle":"\u003cp\u003eDeterminants of Numbers on Antenatal Care Visits in Rural Ethiopia: A Multilevel Negative Binomial Regression Analysis\u003c/p\u003e","fulltext":[{"header":"Full Text","content":"\u003cp\u003eThis preprint is available for \u003ca href='/article/rs-283138/latest.pdf' target='_blank'\u003edownload as a PDF\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Tables","content":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTable 1:\u003c/strong\u003e Sociodemographic characteristics of women who gave birth within the last five years preceding the survey in rural Ethiopia, EDHS 2016, 2020(N=6611).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ctable border=\"1\"\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 35px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"height: 35px;\" width=\"261\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eVariable\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"height: 35px;\" width=\"170\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCategory\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"height: 35px;\" width=\"126\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eUnweight n (%)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"height: 35px;\" width=\"126\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWeighted n (%)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 35px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"height: 140px;\" rowspan=\"4\" width=\"261\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAge in years\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"height: 35px;\" width=\"170\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMean \u0026plusmn; SD\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"height: 35px;\" width=\"126\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e29.4 \u0026plusmn; 7.1\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"height: 35px;\" width=\"126\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e29.7 \u0026plusmn; 7.1\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 35px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"height: 35px;\" width=\"170\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e15\u0026ndash;24\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"height: 35px;\" width=\"126\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1,498(26.4)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"height: 35px;\" width=\"126\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1,622(24.5)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 35px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"height: 35px;\" width=\"170\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e25-29\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"height: 35px;\" width=\"126\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1,495(26.4)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"height: 35px;\" width=\"126\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1,770(26.8)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 35px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"height: 35px;\" width=\"170\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e30-49\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"height: 35px;\" width=\"126\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e2,674 (47.2)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"height: 35px;\" width=\"126\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e3,219 (48.7)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 35px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"height: 350px;\" rowspan=\"10\" width=\"261\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eRegion\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"height: 35px;\" width=\"170\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eTigray\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"height: 35px;\" width=\"126\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e630(11.1)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"height: 35px;\" width=\"126\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e438(6.6)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 35px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"height: 35px;\" width=\"170\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAfar\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"height: 35px;\" width=\"126\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e571(10.1)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"height: 35px;\" width=\"126\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e57 (0.9)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 35px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"height: 35px;\" width=\"170\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAmhara\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"height: 35px;\" width=\"126\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e688(12.1)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"height: 35px;\" width=\"126\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1,410(21.3)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 35px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"height: 35px;\" width=\"170\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eOromia\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"height: 35px;\" width=\"126\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e968(17.1)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"height: 35px;\" width=\"126\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e2,916(44.1)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 35px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"height: 35px;\" width=\"170\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSomali\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"height: 35px;\" width=\"126\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e646(11.4)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"height: 35px;\" width=\"126\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e226(3.4)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 35px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"height: 35px;\" width=\"170\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eBenishangul Gumz\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"height: 35px;\" width=\"126\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e536(9.5)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"height: 35px;\" width=\"126\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e74(1.1)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 35px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"height: 35px;\" width=\"170\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSNNPR\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"height: 35px;\" width=\"126\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e813(14.3)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"height: 35px;\" width=\"126\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1,452(22.0)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 35px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"height: 35px;\" width=\"170\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eGambela\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"height: 35px;\" width=\"126\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e393(6.9)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"height: 35px;\" width=\"126\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e12(0.2)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 35px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"height: 35px;\" width=\"170\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eHarari\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"height: 35px;\" width=\"126\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e246(4.3)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"height: 35px;\" width=\"126\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e10(0.2)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 35px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"height: 35px;\" width=\"170\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDire Dawa\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"height: 35px;\" width=\"126\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e176(3.1)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"height: 35px;\" width=\"126\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e16(0.2)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 35px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"height: 140px;\" rowspan=\"4\" width=\"261\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eReligion\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"height: 35px;\" width=\"170\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eOrthodox Christian\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"height: 35px;\" width=\"126\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1,650 (29.1)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"height: 35px;\" width=\"126\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e2,332(35.3)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 35px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"height: 35px;\" width=\"170\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMuslim\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"height: 35px;\" width=\"126\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e2,753(48.6)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"height: 35px;\" width=\"126\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e2,596(39.3)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 35px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"height: 35px;\" width=\"170\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eProtestant\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"height: 35px;\" width=\"126\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1,122(19.8)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"height: 35px;\" width=\"126\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1,463(22.1)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 35px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"height: 35px;\" width=\"170\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eOther\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"height: 35px;\" width=\"126\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e142(2.5)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"height: 35px;\" width=\"126\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e221(3.3)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 35px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"height: 140px;\" rowspan=\"4\" width=\"261\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eEducational status of women\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"height: 35px;\" width=\"170\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eNo education\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"height: 35px;\" width=\"126\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e3,973(70.1)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"height: 35px;\" width=\"126\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e4,555(68.9)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 35px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"height: 35px;\" width=\"170\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePrimary\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"height: 35px;\" width=\"126\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1,423(25.1)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"height: 35px;\" width=\"126\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1,833(27.7)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 35px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"height: 35px;\" width=\"170\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSecondary\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"height: 35px;\" width=\"126\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e222(3.9)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"height: 35px;\" width=\"126\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e191(2.9)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 35px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"height: 35px;\" width=\"170\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAbove\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"height: 35px;\" width=\"126\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e49(0.9)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"height: 35px;\" width=\"126\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e33(0.5)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 35px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"height: 175px;\" rowspan=\"5\" width=\"261\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eEducational status of partner/husband\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"height: 35px;\" width=\"170\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eNo education\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"height: 35px;\" width=\"126\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e2,909(54.8)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"height: 35px;\" width=\"126\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e3,194(51.4)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 35px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"height: 35px;\" width=\"170\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePrimary\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"height: 35px;\" width=\"126\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1,785(33.6)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"height: 35px;\" width=\"126\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e2,479(39.9)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 35px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"height: 35px;\" width=\"170\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSecondary\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"height: 35px;\" width=\"126\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e387(7.3)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"height: 35px;\" width=\"126\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e382(6.1)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 35px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"height: 35px;\" width=\"170\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAbove\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"height: 35px;\" width=\"126\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e200(3.8)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"height: 35px;\" width=\"126\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e129(2.1)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 35px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"height: 35px;\" width=\"170\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDon't know\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"height: 35px;\" width=\"126\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e32(0.6)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"height: 35px;\" width=\"126\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e33(0.5)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 35px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"height: 105px;\" rowspan=\"3\" width=\"261\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCurrent marital status\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"height: 35px;\" width=\"170\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSingle/separated\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"height: 35px;\" width=\"126\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e81(1.4)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"height: 35px;\" width=\"126\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e114(1.7)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 35px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"height: 35px;\" width=\"170\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMarried/in union\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"height: 35px;\" width=\"126\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e5,313(93.8)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"height: 35px;\" width=\"126\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e6,218(94.1)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 35px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"height: 35px;\" width=\"170\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDivorced/Widowed\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"height: 35px;\" width=\"126\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e273(4.8)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"height: 35px;\" width=\"126\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e279(4.2)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 35px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"height: 105px;\" rowspan=\"3\" width=\"261\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eOccupation status of women\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"height: 35px;\" width=\"170\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eNo work\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"height: 35px;\" width=\"126\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e3,315(58.5)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"height: 35px;\" width=\"126\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e3,681(55.7)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 35px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"height: 35px;\" width=\"170\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAgriculture employee\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"height: 35px;\" width=\"126\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1,389(24.5)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"height: 35px;\" width=\"126\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1,706(25.8)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 35px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"height: 35px;\" width=\"170\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eNon agriculture workers\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"height: 35px;\" width=\"126\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e963(17.0)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"height: 35px;\" width=\"126\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1,225(18.5)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 35px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"height: 70px;\" rowspan=\"2\" width=\"261\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSex of household head\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"height: 35px;\" width=\"170\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFemale\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"height: 35px;\" width=\"126\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1,100(19.4)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"height: 35px;\" width=\"126\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e871(13.2)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 35px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"height: 35px;\" width=\"170\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMale\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"height: 35px;\" width=\"126\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e4,567(80.6)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"height: 35px;\" width=\"126\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e5,741(86.8)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 35px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"height: 105px;\" rowspan=\"3\" width=\"261\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eHousehold wealth status\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"height: 35px;\" width=\"170\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePoor\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"height: 35px;\" width=\"126\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e3,506(61.9)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"height: 35px;\" width=\"126\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e3,243(49.1)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 35px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"height: 35px;\" width=\"170\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMiddle\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"height: 35px;\" width=\"126\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e993(17.5)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"height: 35px;\" width=\"126\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1,565(23.7)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 35px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"height: 35px;\" width=\"170\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eRich\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"height: 35px;\" width=\"126\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1,168(20.6)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"height: 35px;\" width=\"126\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1,803(27.2)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 35px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"height: 35px;\" width=\"261\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eTotal\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"height: 35px;\" width=\"170\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"height: 35px;\" width=\"126\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e5,667(100)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"height: 35px;\" width=\"126\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e6,611(100)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003c/tbody\u003e\n\u003c/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cbr /\u003eTable 2:\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003eMaternal, Obstetric, and health service-related characteristics of women who gave birth within the last five years preceding the survey in rural Ethiopia, EDHS 2016, 2020.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ctable border=\"1\"\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"273\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eVariable\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"170\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCategory\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"126\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eUnweight n (%)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"126\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWeighted n (%)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd rowspan=\"3\" width=\"273\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFamily size\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"170\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eLess than five\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"126\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e2,571 (45.4)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"126\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e2,962 (44.8)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"170\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFive to ten\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"126\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e2,929 (51.6)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"126\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e3,451 (52.2)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"170\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eGreater than ten\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"126\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e167 (3.0)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"126\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e197 (3.0)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" width=\"273\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAutonomy to the decision of health care\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"170\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eNo\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"126\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1,524 (26.9)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"126\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1,721 (26.0)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"170\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eYes\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"126\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e4,143 (73.1)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"126\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e4,890 (74.0)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" width=\"273\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDistance to the health facility\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"170\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eNot big problem\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"126\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e2,189 (38.6)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"126\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e2,371 (35.9)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"170\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eBig problem\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"126\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e3,478 (61.4)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"126\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e4,240 (64.1)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd rowspan=\"3\" width=\"273\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eBirth order\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"170\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eone\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"126\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e950 (16.8)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"126\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1,099(16.6)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"170\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eTwo to five\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"126\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e2,994 (52.8)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"126\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e3,475 (52.6)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"170\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eGreater than five\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"126\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1,723 (30.4)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"126\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e2,037 (30.8)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" width=\"273\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCommunity-level poverty\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"170\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eLow\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"126\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e2,821(48.5)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"126\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e4,611(69.8)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"170\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eHigh\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"126\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e2,991(51.5)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"126\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1,999(30.2)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" width=\"273\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCommunity-level literacy\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"170\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eLow\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"126\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e2,644(45.5)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"126\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e2,452( 37.1)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"170\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eHigh\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"126\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e3,168(54.5)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"126\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e4,159(62.9)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"273\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eTotal\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"170\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"126\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e5,667(100)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"126\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e6,611(100)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003c/tbody\u003e\n\u003c/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cbr /\u003eTable 3:\u003c/strong\u003e Multi-level Negative binomial regression on the number of Antenatal care among women who gave birth within the last five years preceding the survey in rural Ethiopia, EDHS 2016, 2020.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ctable border=\"1\"\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 111px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eVariables\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 110px;\" colspan=\"2\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCategory\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 121px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCIRR (95%CI)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 69px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eModel I(Null)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 105px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eModel II (AIRR (95% CI))\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 120px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMode III (AIRR (95%CI))\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 168px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFull Model\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(AIRR (95%CI))\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 111px;\" rowspan=\"3\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAge of women\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 110px;\" colspan=\"2\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e15-24\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 121px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp; 1\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 69px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 105px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp; 1\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 120px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 168px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;1\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 110px;\" colspan=\"2\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e25-29\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 121px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1.03(0.95,1.13)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 69px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 105px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1.14(1.03,1.27)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 120px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 168px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1.13 (1.02, 1.26) *\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 110px;\" colspan=\"2\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e30-49\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 121px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.85(0.77,0.92)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 69px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 105px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1.06(0.93,1.21)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 120px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 168px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1.04 (0.91, 1.19)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 111px;\" rowspan=\"4\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eEducational status of women\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 110px;\" colspan=\"2\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eNo education\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 121px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp; 1\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 69px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 105px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp; 1\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 120px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 168px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp; 1\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 110px;\" colspan=\"2\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePrimary\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 121px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1.29(1.19,1.40)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 69px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 105px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1.21(1.01,1.34)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 120px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 168px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1.19 (1.08, 1.32)***\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 110px;\" colspan=\"2\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSecondary\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 121px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1.48(1.30,1.69)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 69px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 105px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1.32(1.11,1.58)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 120px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 168px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1.30 (1.08, 1.55)*\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 110px;\" colspan=\"2\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAbove\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 121px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1.84(1.62,2.09)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 69px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 105px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1.36(1.08,1.73)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 120px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 168px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1.35 (1.07, 1.71)*\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 111px;\" rowspan=\"4\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eEducational status of Husband\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 110px;\" colspan=\"2\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eNo education\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 121px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp; 1\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 69px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 105px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp; 1\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 120px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 168px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp; 1\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 110px;\" colspan=\"2\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePrimary\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 121px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1.26(1.16,1.37)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 69px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 105px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1.17(1.07,1.29)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 120px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 168px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1.16 (1.05, 1.28)*\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 110px;\" colspan=\"2\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSecondary\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 121px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1.46(1.31,1.63)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 69px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 105px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1.24(1.09,1.39)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 120px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 168px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1.22 (1.08, 1.38) **\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 110px;\" colspan=\"2\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAbove\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 121px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1.44(1.24,1.66)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 69px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 105px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1.05(0.84,1.33)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 120px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 168px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1.05 (0.83, 1.32)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 111px;\" rowspan=\"3\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eOccupational status of women\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 110px;\" colspan=\"2\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eNo work\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 121px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp; 1\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 69px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 105px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp; 1\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 120px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 168px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp; 1\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 110px;\" colspan=\"2\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAgriculture\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 121px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1.02(0.92,1.14)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 69px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 105px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1.11(0.98,1.25)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 120px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 168px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1.10 (0.97, 1.25)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 110px;\" colspan=\"2\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eNon-agriculture\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 121px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1.13(1.01,1.26)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 69px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 105px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1.13(1.01,1.28)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 120px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 168px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1.13 (1.01, 1.27)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 111px;\" rowspan=\"3\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWealth status\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 110px;\" colspan=\"2\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePoor\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 121px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp; 1\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 69px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 105px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp; 1\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 120px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 168px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp; 1\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 110px;\" colspan=\"2\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMiddle\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 121px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1.11(1.01,1.23)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 69px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 105px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1.11(0.99,1.25)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 120px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 168px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1.08 (0.96, 1.21)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 110px;\" colspan=\"2\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eRich\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 121px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1.27(1.15,1.41)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 69px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 105px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1.22(1.09,1.36)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 120px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 168px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1.17 (1.04, 1.31) *\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 111px;\" rowspan=\"3\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFamily size\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 110px;\" colspan=\"2\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;5\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 121px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp; 1\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 69px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 105px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp; 1\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 120px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 168px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp; 1\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 110px;\" colspan=\"2\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e5-10\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 121px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.89(0.82,0.96)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 69px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 105px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1.01(0.91,1.10)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 120px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 168px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1.01(0.91, 1.11)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 110px;\" colspan=\"2\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026gt;10\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 121px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.93(0.70,1.25)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 69px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 105px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1.04(0.71,1.52)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 120px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 168px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1.05 (0.72, 1.54)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 111px;\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAutonomy to the decision of health care\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 110px;\" colspan=\"2\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;No\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 121px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp; 1\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 69px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 105px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp; 1\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 120px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 168px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp; 1\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 110px;\" colspan=\"2\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eYes\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 121px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1.21(1.09,1.33)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 69px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 105px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1.26(1.11,1.43)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 120px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 168px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1.25 (1.10, 1.42)***\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 111px;\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDistance to a health facility\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 110px;\" colspan=\"2\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eNot a big problem\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 121px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp; 1\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 69px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 105px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp; 1\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 120px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 168px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp; 1\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 110px;\" colspan=\"2\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eBig problem\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 121px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.92(0.84,1.01)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 69px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 105px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.93(0.85,1.02)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 120px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 168px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.86 (0.96, 1.03)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 111px;\" rowspan=\"3\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eBirth order\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 110px;\" colspan=\"2\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 121px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp; 1\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 69px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 105px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp; 1\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 120px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 168px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp; 1\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 110px;\" colspan=\"2\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e2-5\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 121px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.87(0.79,0.96)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 69px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 105px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.89(0.79,0.99)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 120px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 168px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.88 (0.79,0.99)*\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 110px;\" colspan=\"2\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026gt;5\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 121px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.74(0.67,0.82)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 69px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 105px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.80(0.68,0.93)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 120px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 168px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.80 (0.69,0.94)*\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 126px;\" colspan=\"2\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCommunity-level literacy\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 95px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eLower\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 121px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp; 1\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 69px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 105px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 120px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp; 1\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 168px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp; 1\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 95px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eHigher\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 121px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1.87 (1.61,2.19)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 69px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 105px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 120px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1.53(1.29,1.81)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 168px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1.35 (1.14, 1.59)***\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 126px;\" colspan=\"2\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCommunity-level poverty\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 95px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eLower\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 121px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp; 1\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 69px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 105px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 120px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp; 1\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 168px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp; 1\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 95px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eHigher\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 121px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.54(0.46,0.63)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 69px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 105px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 120px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.68 (0.57,0.82)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 168px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.77 (0.64,0.92)*\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 804px;\" colspan=\"8\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eRandom effects\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 221px;\" colspan=\"3\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eICC (%)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 121px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 69px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e10.7\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 105px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 120px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 168px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 221px;\" colspan=\"3\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eLog-likelihood (LL)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 121px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 69px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e-12439.9\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 105px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e-11530.33\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 120px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e-12395.74\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 168px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e-11,508.22\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 221px;\" colspan=\"3\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePCV-Explained variation (%)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 121px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 69px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 105px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 120px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 168px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e74.9\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003c/tbody\u003e\n\u003c/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCIRR= Crude incidence rate ratio; AIRR: Adjusted incidence rate ratio; CI: confidence interval; \u0026nbsp;* = significant at p-value 0.05-0.01, **=significant at p-value 0.01, ***= significant at p-value 0.001; \u0026nbsp;1: reference group; SNNP = Southern nation, nationalities and peoples; Others = Catholic and traditional religion followers; Model I=model without independent variables; Model II= model includes only individual level variables; Model III=model includes only community level \u0026amp;continuous variables; Full model=model includes all variables; ICC=intra cluster correlation; PCV =percent change of variance\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/br\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eTable 4 not available with this version\u003c/p\u003e"}],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":false,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":true,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":false,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":true,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":false,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"Antenatal care, Women, Rural Ethiopia, Multilevel Negative Binomial count analysis","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-283138/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-283138/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eIntroduction\u003c/strong\u003e:\u003cstrong\u003e \u003c/strong\u003eAntenatal care (ANC) is an umbrella term used to describe medical care and procedures that are carried out for pregnant women. Data on the number of antenatal care visits can help policymakers to show the gap in service provision. So, the paper determines associated factors of the number of antenatal care visits among women who gave birth in the last five years in rural Ethiopia.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMethods:\u003c/strong\u003e Total weighted sample of 6611 women who gave birth in the 5 years preceding the survey were included from the nationally representative 2016 Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey. We used multi-level negative binomial regression analysis to consider the hierarchal nature of the data. In the multivariable analysis, variables with a p-value \u0026lt; 0.05 were considered to be significantly associated with the number of antenatal care visits. \u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eResults: \u003c/strong\u003eOverall, 27.3% (95% CI: 14.63, 15.76) of women had \u0026nbsp;at least four antenatal care visits during their pregnancy in rural Ethiopia. Age group 25-29 years (adjusted incidence rate ratio (AIRR)=1.13,95% CI:1.02,1.26), household rich wealth status (AIRR=1.17, 95% CI:1.04,1.31), women’s educational status (primary, AIRR=1.19,95% CI:1.08,1.32; Secondary, AIRR= 1.30,95% CI:1.08,1.55; above secondary, AIRR=1.35, 95%CI:1.07,1.71), partner educational status (primary, AIRR=1.16, 95%CI:1.05,1.28; secondary, AIRR=1.22,95% CI:1.08,1.38), and autonomy to decision to their care (AIRR=1.25,95%CI:1.10,1.42) were positively associated individual-level factors with number of antenatal care visits whereas having a \u0026nbsp;birth order of five or more \u0026nbsp;(AIRR=0.80,95% CI: 0.69,0.94) was a negatively associated factor with number of antenatal care visits. Among community-level variables; being in higher community level literacy (AIRR=1.35, 95% CI: 1.14, 1.59) and higher poverty level (AIRR=0.77, 95% CI: 0.64, 0.92) were significantly associated factors with the number of antenatal care visits. \u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eConclusions and recommendations:\u003c/strong\u003e The level of antenatal care visits in rural areas was low. Age of women, wealth status, women's educational status, partner educational status, autonomy to decision making in health care, and birth order were the most important associated factors with the number of antenatal care visits. Furthermore, poverty and literacy are also important determinants at the community level. Addressing economic and educational interventions for rural women should be given the top priority.\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"Determinants of Numbers on Antenatal Care Visits in Rural Ethiopia: A Multilevel Negative Binomial Regression Analysis","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2021-03-12 23:52:29","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-283138/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"7dcc6a67-a222-45dd-a6fd-a24344f669e0","owner":[],"postedDate":"March 12th, 2021","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"posted","subjectAreas":[{"id":2930971,"name":"Health Economics \u0026 Outcomes Research"},{"id":2930972,"name":"Health Policy"}],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2021-05-11T07:14:13+00:00","versionOfRecord":[],"versionCreatedAt":"2021-03-12 23:52:29","video":"","vorDoi":"","vorDoiUrl":"","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-283138","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-283138","identity":"rs-283138","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"re_ckhLnmML6MCF96OHNJ","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}
Text is read by the "Ask this paper" AI Q&A widget below. Extraction quality varies by source — PMC NXML preserves structure cleanly, OA-HTML may include some navigation residue, and OA-PDF can have broken hyphenation. The publisher copy (via DOI) is the canonical version.
My notes (saved in your browser only)
Ask this paper
Answers must be backed by verbatim quotes from this paper's full text. Hallucinated quotes are dropped automatically; if no verbatim passage answers the question, we say so. How this works
Citation neighborhood (no data yet)
We don't have any in-corpus citations linked to this paper yet. The paper's references may be in our DB but unresolved to ``paper_id`` (resolution happens at ingest when the cited DOI matches a row we already have). Run the cross-source citation reconcile pass to retry.
Source provenance
- europepmc
- last seen: 2026-05-19T01:45:01.086888+00:00