Failure mechanism of surrounding rock and synergistic control of strong support-strong pressure relief for lower-seam roadways in close-distance coal seam groups

Failure mechanism of surrounding rock and synergistic control of strong support-strong pressure relief for lower-seam roadways in close-distance coal seam groups | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Article Failure mechanism of surrounding rock and synergistic control of strong support-strong pressure relief for lower-seam roadways in close-distance coal seam groups Shui Yu, Yonglu Suo, Chiheng Cai, Jian Feng, Xiaoquan Huo, Jian Hu, and 1 more This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-8672333/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Published Journal Publication published 02 Apr, 2026 Read the published version in Scientific Reports → Version 1 posted 11 You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract To address the problem of asymmetric dynamic failure and superposed stress concentration in lower-seam roadways during stratified mining of deeply buried close-distance coal seam groups in the Jiaoping mining area of Shaanxi Province, where strong mining disturbance, eccentric loading from residual coal pillars, and weak impact effects are coupled, a surrounding rock stability control system based on a “strong support–strong pressure relief” synergistic strategy is proposed. By integrating theoretical analysis, numerical simulation, and field monitoring, the asymmetric failure mechanism of roadway surrounding rock induced by the coupling of overlying residual coal pillars and mining-induced stress is revealed. On the basis of an internally staggered roadway layout and a high-preload cable bolt support system, directional hydraulic fracturing pressure-relief technology is further introduced. The dynamic response characteristics of roadway surrounding rock under different impact locations are systematically investigated, and a method for determining hydraulic fracturing parameters for arbitrarily oriented boreholes is established based on elastic theory. Comparative analyses of roof impact and roof-rib impact loading conditions show that, under static loading, roadway stress and deformation exhibit pronounced asymmetry but remain controllable due to the high-preload cable bolt support. Under dynamic loading, roof impact mainly induces tensile failure of the roof, whereas roof-rib impact tends to produce a composite failure mode characterized by severe rib extrusion and overall roof subsidence. Directional hydraulic fracturing effectively weakens stress concentration in the surrounding rock and overlying coal pillars, thereby reducing the intensity of dynamic roadway response. Borehole transient electromagnetic detection results indicate significant fracture development after fracturing, confirming an evident pressure-relief effect. Field monitoring further demonstrates that bolt and cable forces remain within a safe range, and the asymmetric expansion of the loosening zone is effectively controlled. The results verify the applicability and effectiveness of the proposed “strong support–strong pressure relief” synergistic control technology for lower-seam roadways in close-distance coal seam groups, providing a reliable theoretical basis and engineering reference for surrounding rock stability control and safe, efficient mining under similar geological and mining conditions. Physical sciences/Energy science and technology Physical sciences/Engineering Earth and environmental sciences/Natural hazards Earth and environmental sciences/Solid earth sciences Close-distance coal seam groups Roadway surrounding rock Dynamic failure Numerical simulation Support Pressure relief Full Text Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Published Journal Publication published 02 Apr, 2026 Read the published version in Scientific Reports → Version 1 posted Editorial decision: Revision requested 19 Feb, 2026 Reviews received at journal 11 Feb, 2026 Reviewers agreed at journal 01 Feb, 2026 Reviews received at journal 01 Feb, 2026 Reviewers agreed at journal 29 Jan, 2026 Reviewers agreed at journal 27 Jan, 2026 Reviewers invited by journal 27 Jan, 2026 Editor invited by journal 27 Jan, 2026 Editor assigned by journal 23 Jan, 2026 Submission checks completed at journal 23 Jan, 2026 First submitted to journal 22 Jan, 2026 You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. 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Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-8672333","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":581134422,"identity":"b578056a-a9e0-4ffd-8f78-96664a26a35c","order_by":0,"name":"Shui Yu","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Xi'an University of Science and Technology","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Shui","middleName":"","lastName":"Yu","suffix":""},{"id":581134423,"identity":"e1435d2f-9947-41c4-9e30-32eb7cb84612","order_by":1,"name":"Yonglu Suo","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Xi'an University of Science and 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Reports","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"Close-distance coal seam groups, Roadway surrounding rock, Dynamic failure, Numerical simulation, Support, Pressure relief","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-8672333/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-8672333/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003eTo address the problem of asymmetric dynamic failure and superposed stress concentration in lower-seam roadways during stratified mining of deeply buried close-distance coal seam groups in the Jiaoping mining area of Shaanxi Province, where strong mining disturbance, eccentric loading from residual coal pillars, and weak impact effects are coupled, a surrounding rock stability control system based on a \u0026ldquo;strong support\u0026ndash;strong pressure relief\u0026rdquo; synergistic strategy is proposed. By integrating theoretical analysis, numerical simulation, and field monitoring, the asymmetric failure mechanism of roadway surrounding rock induced by the coupling of overlying residual coal pillars and mining-induced stress is revealed. On the basis of an internally staggered roadway layout and a high-preload cable bolt support system, directional hydraulic fracturing pressure-relief technology is further introduced. The dynamic response characteristics of roadway surrounding rock under different impact locations are systematically investigated, and a method for determining hydraulic fracturing parameters for arbitrarily oriented boreholes is established based on elastic theory.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eComparative analyses of roof impact and roof-rib impact loading conditions show that, under static loading, roadway stress and deformation exhibit pronounced asymmetry but remain controllable due to the high-preload cable bolt support. Under dynamic loading, roof impact mainly induces tensile failure of the roof, whereas roof-rib impact tends to produce a composite failure mode characterized by severe rib extrusion and overall roof subsidence. Directional hydraulic fracturing effectively weakens stress concentration in the surrounding rock and overlying coal pillars, thereby reducing the intensity of dynamic roadway response. Borehole transient electromagnetic detection results indicate significant fracture development after fracturing, confirming an evident pressure-relief effect. Field monitoring further demonstrates that bolt and cable forces remain within a safe range, and the asymmetric expansion of the loosening zone is effectively controlled. The results verify the applicability and effectiveness of the proposed \u0026ldquo;strong support\u0026ndash;strong pressure relief\u0026rdquo; synergistic control technology for lower-seam roadways in close-distance coal seam groups, providing a reliable theoretical basis and engineering reference for surrounding rock stability control and safe, efficient mining under similar geological and mining conditions.\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"Failure mechanism of surrounding rock and synergistic control of strong support-strong pressure relief for lower-seam roadways in close-distance coal seam groups","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2026-01-29 06:01:14","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-8672333/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0},{"type":"decision","content":"Revision requested","date":"2026-02-19T13:23:59+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvitedReview","content":"","date":"2026-02-11T16:15:20+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"54238092662687375595692754252522037570","date":"2026-02-02T03:11:48+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvitedReview","content":"","date":"2026-02-01T15:39:23+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"325404225149291568301424368668841539436","date":"2026-01-29T12:33:03+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"278544171327656997080593895093041982144","date":"2026-01-27T11:08:24+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewersInvited","content":"","date":"2026-01-27T10:36:57+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvited","content":"","date":"2026-01-27T10:13:39+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorAssigned","content":"","date":"2026-01-24T04:53:25+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"checksComplete","content":"","date":"2026-01-24T04:52:39+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"submitted","content":"Scientific Reports","date":"2026-01-22T17:31:07+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"scientific-reports","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"scirep","sideBox":"Learn more about [Scientific Reports](http://www.nature.com/srep/)","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"","title":"Scientific Reports","twitterHandle":"","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":true,"editorialSystem":"stoa","reportingPortfolio":"Scientific Reports","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"0d601950-ddfa-4668-b512-2e52962d4968","owner":[],"postedDate":"January 29th, 2026","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"published-in-journal","subjectAreas":[{"id":61821473,"name":"Physical sciences/Energy science and technology"},{"id":61821474,"name":"Physical sciences/Engineering"},{"id":61821475,"name":"Earth and environmental sciences/Natural hazards"},{"id":61821476,"name":"Earth and environmental sciences/Solid earth sciences"}],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2026-04-07T16:13:09+00:00","versionOfRecord":{"articleIdentity":"rs-8672333","link":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-46700-w","journal":{"identity":"scientific-reports","isVorOnly":false,"title":"Scientific Reports"},"publishedOn":"2026-04-02 15:59:10","publishedOnDateReadable":"April 2nd, 2026"},"versionCreatedAt":"2026-01-29 06:01:14","video":"","vorDoi":"10.1038/s41598-026-46700-w","vorDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-46700-w","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-8672333","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-8672333","identity":"rs-8672333","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"XKTyCvWXoU3ODBz1xrDgd","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}