Improving Dhaka-Chattogram Existing National Highway By Minimizing Traffic Interruption

Improving Dhaka-Chattogram Existing National Highway By Minimizing Traffic Interruption | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article Improving Dhaka-Chattogram Existing National Highway By Minimizing Traffic Interruption Sazzad Hossain Chy, Pial Barua, Mahmood Omor Imam This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-5436788/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract A national highway is a major road within a country that connects cities, regions and states. It facilitates the passage of people, goods, and services across the nation, serving as a vital transportation artery. Dhaka-Chattogram National Highway links the capital city of Dhaka to the port city Chattogram. Congestion on the Dhaka-Chattogram highway has become a serious issue. The traffic on the highway has exceeded 40,000 passenger car equivalents a day (PCU/day) at most of the locations. This paper addresses the problem of highway congestion and proposes ways to alleviate traffic congestion. The study begins with a comprehensive analysis of the factors contributing to congestion on the Dhaka-Chattogram highway. Analysis was more emphasized on the existing traffic conditions, peak hour congestion patterns and all the important points on highway that are mainly responsible for congestion based on data at different times of a day. This analysis depicts the busiest 31 points of highway that need to be dealt with. To mitigate the congestion based on its intensity, 15 overpasses, 9 culverts and 11 parking spaces are proposed. These solutions will lead to minimize traffic congestion by ensuring uninterrupted traffic flow and offer a reduced journey time to the road users. Civil Engineering Dhaka Chittagong highway Traffic congestion Overpass Peak hour congestion uninterrupted traffic flow Figures Figure 1 Figure 2 Figure 3 Figure 4 Figure 5 Figure 6 Figure 7 Figure 8 Figure 9 1. Introduction The transport system is a fundamental infrastructure that is essential for the socio-economic development of a country [ 1 ]. The Dhaka-Chittagong National Highway (NH1) is a crucial economic corridor in Bangladesh, playing a significant role in the transportation of passengers and goods[ 2 ]. According to Roads and Highways Department (RHD) the Annual Average Daily Traffic (AADT) of this highway about 35482 vehicles [ 2 ]. And it is increasing every year. In between 2006 to 2014, average growth rate of vehicle was 10.3% which is alarming[ 3 ]. Over 90% of Bangladesh's export-import activities are handled by Chattogram seaport [ 4 ]. The number of motorised vehicles is anticipated to increase to a minimum of 35,000 per day in 2020, 70,000 in 2030, and over 120,000 in 2040, reliant upon the section and selected scenario for the traffic forecast [ 5 ]. Urban transport is significantly impacted by traffic congestion[ 6 ]. Traffic congestion arises when the capacity of the functioning road system is insufficient to accommodate the demand for travel [ 7 ]. This paper examines the factors that contribute to traffic jams on the Dhaka Chattogram highway and analyse the congestion at several important points and look into workable solutions to lessen highway traffic congestion by modification of intersections, road widening, parking space. It is predicted that by putting the suggested solutions into practice, traffic flow along this important corridor will be enhanced, allowing for easier movement of people and products, cutting down on travel time, and promoting sustainable economic growth in the area This study will shed light on the major issues causing the congestion, such as inadequate infrastructure, intersections, local bazar and unauthorized parking. 1.1 Problem Identification There are 31 congested points found on the Dhaka-Chattogram highway that need to be modified. They are given below according to order of distance from Chattogram to Dhaka : Pakkar Matha, Faujdarhat, Bhatiari Bus Stand, Kumira, Barabkunda Bazar, Mirsorai Bazar, Sonapahar Bus Stand, Bariayarhat, Chaddogram Bazar, Bissworoad Chourasta, Kotbari Bus Stop, Moynamoti Gas, Moynamoti gas Station, Cantonment Chattar, Chandina Bus Station, Harikhola Bazar, Madhaiya Bazar, Muradnagar Bus Stop, Malikhil Bus Stand, Gouripur Bus Stand, Boldakhal Bus Stand, Vaberchar Bus Stand, Anarpura Bus Stand, Mograpara Bus Stand, Sonargoan Fire Station, Shonakhali Bus Stand, Baluakandi Bus Stand, Madanpur Bus Stand, Chattogram Road Bus Stand, Sanarpara Bus Station, Signboard Bus Stop, Matuail Medical. 1.2 Objectives of the Study The following objectives have been taken in account for this study. To analyze traffic congestion level To improve traffic flow by minimizing traffic interruption through the entire highway. To reduce the traffic congestion in busy points identified as intersections, local bazar, bus stoppage 2. Methodology The Dhaka-Chattogram Highway has seen severe congestion throughout the years, especially during rush hour..The steps to carry out the study work in a sequential manner are shown in a research flow diagram. Various congestion points have been marked using Google Maps. These points were responsible for traffic congestion on the Highway. 2.1 Research Flow Diagram 2.2 Congestion Intensity This study differentiates between different congestion intensities on the basis of Google Maps traffic analysis data. Users of Google Maps can utilize real time traffic data to find the most effective routes and navigate through congested areas. With Google Maps, one may immediately analyze the current traffic conditions using the color-coded overlays that depict the traffic intensity on the map. 2.3 Intensity Based on Colors Green : The green colour indicates that there is no substantial congestion. Traffic is moving smoothly on the roads labelled in green, and can maintain constant speeds along these routes. Yellow : Roads that are yellow-highlighted indicate medium traffic. Along these routes, one should anticipate delays and reduced speeds. Red : Red denotes extremely crowded traffic. Along these routes, expect considerable delays and drastically slower speeds. 3. Analysis It is evident from the current studies that the analysis of congestion at crucial spots along the Dhaka Chattogram Highway will result in a more effective solution. Many important points among them are similar kind. Therefore, it can be concluded that there are four categories of areas that require attention: intersections, bazaars, bus terminals, and bus stops. As of now, the congestion of these points is to be examined. The volume of numerous points along this highway is unavailable as a result of a data shortage. Therefore, the analysis was conducted using live traffic analysis via Google Maps. 3.1 Time Analysis for Data Collection To propose a better solution, it’s significant to collect data of peak hour. Public transport systems have the ability to greatly impact the level of traffic congestion during peak periods [ 8 ]. Despite the fact that the peak periods only account for a minor portion of the day, a significant number of passengers travel during these key times [ 9 ]. This traffic data from google satellite view was collected for seven days, five times a day with an interval of 3 hours time of data recording was: 10 AM, 1 PM, 4 PM, 7 PM,10 PM. We may analyse Chattogram Road Bus stand for instance, The Fig. 3 depicts that Chattogram Road is highly congested on Sunday. If we analyse that place for all the seven days of a week in a similar way, the result we get is shown in Fig. 4 . Weekly data (Fig. 4 ) indicates that Chattogram Road bus stand is highly congested for five days and moderately congested for two days of a week. Simillar analysis has been conducted for all the 31 points of Dhaka Chattogram highway mentioned in the problem identification section 3.2 Congestion Ranking Specification Traditionally the utilization of level of service (LOS) has been one of the most prevalent metrics for traffic congestion[ 10 ]. LOS assesses quality of service (QOS) and is categorized into six levels for each facility type, ranging from ‘A’ to ‘F’, with ‘A’ indicating the best conditions and ‘F’ the worst [ 11 ].However, influenced by this method, we separated congested points in a little bit different method. There are different level of congestion found along points of Dhaka Chattogram Highway. We cannot treat all the points similarly so that we ranked them based on the congestion intensity found. Ranking of any point is based on how many days that point were red, yellow or green out of seven days in a week. Rank A If a minimum of 4 days out of seven days show a red point, then that place belongs to category A. Rank ‘B’ : If a point of highway shows a maximum of three red with minimum of two yellow out of seven days based on weekly data, then this point can be classified into Rank ‘B’. Rank ‘C’ : Minimum four green color maximum two red from weekly data shown by any points of highway is C ranked point. These are the points where congestion is not significant, so these points were not considered while proposing solution. All the points along the highway apart from rank A and rank B are classified into this group. 4. Result and Solution Analyzing all the 31 points like Chattogram Road Bus stand in a similar way based on weekly data ,they have been classified into any group based on ranking criterion. 15 out of 31 points are classified into Rank A as they cause high level of congestion. 16 points are classified into Rank B for medium level of congestion. All the points along Dhaka Chattogram highway apart from these 31 points can be termed Rank C points as they cause no congestion at all. 4.1 Solution of Rank A Overpass An Overpass is a vertical separation crossing facility used to separate vehicle[ 12 ]. The city of Colombo has a significant concentration of overpasses due to high traffic flow[ 13 ]. It can be very good solution for Rank ‘A’ points along the highway where the maximum congestion occurs. It lessens congestion as it separates the highway vehicle from local vehicle. So that highway vehicle doesn't need to come to halt at all these busiest points of highway which are defined as Rank ‘A’ points. 4.2 Solution of Rank B i) Culverts : Culverts can be another solution as it allows vehicles to travel through is upper side and it has underlying space at the same time. That underlying space can be very useful for passage of local small vehicles, pedestrians in a moderately congested place,so that they don't interrupt the highway vehicles. ii) Parking : One of the reasons of congestion in Dhaka Chattogram highway is unauthorized parking of vehicles. This leads to reduction of velocity of other vehicles which lead to congestion. There are several points where the bus stops to drop and receive the passengers. For this purpose, if parking space can be established beside the highway, congestion due to unauthorized parking can be significantly reduced. Even the local vehicle traveling through the side lane along the highway will not get interrupted. 4.3 Final Result All the weekly data of congestion intensity of 31 points, their classification into different ranking and proposed solution have been summarized in the table below, Table 1 Final Result of Analysis Weekly Data Serial No. Name of the point Distance from Chattogram (Km) Red Yellow Green Rank Solution 1 Pakkar Matha 4 4 1 2 A Overpass 2 Faujdarhat 6.2 4 2 1 A Overpass 3 Bhatiari Bus Stand 11 4 2 1 A Overpass 4 Kumira 19 2 3 2 B Parking 5 Barabkunda Bazar 28 4 2 1 A Overpass 6 Mirsorai Bazar 55 5 1 1 A Overpass 7 Sonapahar Bus Stand 60 2 2 3 B Parking 8 Baraiyarhat 67 5 2 A Overpass 9 Chauddogram Bazar 113 4 1 2 A Overpass 10 Bissworoad Chourasta 145 4 2 1 A Overpass 11 Kotbari Bus Stop 147 2 3 2 B Culvert & Parking 12 Moynamoti Gas Station 154 2 4 1 B Culvert 13 Cantonment Chattar 156 4 1 2 A Overpass 14 Chandina Bus Station 164 2 2 3 B Culvert & Parking 15 Harikhola Bazar 166 2 2 3 B Culvert 16 Madhaiya Bazar 171 3 3 1 B Culvert 17 Muradnagar Bus Stop 181 2 3 2 B Parking 18 Malikhil Bus Stand 183 2 2 3 B Culvert & Parking 19 Gouripur Bus Stand 188 4 1 2 A Overpass 20 Boldakhal Bus Stand 206 2 3 2 B Culvert 21 Vaberchar Bus Stand 210 4 1 2 A Overpass 22 Anarpara Bus Stand 212 3 2 2 B Parking 23 Mograpara Bus Stand 213 4 2 1 A Overpass 24 Sonargoan Fire Station 216 2 3 2 B Culvert 25 Shonakhali Bus Stand 218 2 2 3 B Parking 26 Baluakandi Bus Stand 219 2 2 3 B Parking 27 Madanpur Bus Stand 221 4 2 1 A Overpass 28 Chattogram Road Bus Stand 226 5 2 A Overpass 29 Sanarpara Bus Station 232 3 2 2 B Culvert & Parking 30 Signboard Bus Stop 234 5 2 0 A Overpass 31 Matuail Medical 236 3 2 2 B Parking 5. Conclusion and Recommendation 5.1 Conclusion Traffic flow in highway is found to be very smooth in the early morning hour which tends to increase by time. Traffic intensity color at 4pm of any place shows the average condition of whole day's traffic intensity color at that place The capacity of the highway is satisfactory enough with its traffic volume but still congestion occurs at specific points like major intersections, bazars and bus stands due to mixing of vehicles going towards different directions. So congestion can be reduced greatly by taking care of these specified points Establishment of 15 overpasses, 9 culverts, and 11 parking spaces at specified points along the entire 265-kilometer highway can significantly reduce congestion. Local vehicles can use the underlying space of overpasses and culverts to cross the highway or to make a U-turn if needed, without interrupting the flow of highway vehicles. 5.2 Recommendation Extra Two lanes can be added on both directions of highway for only local vehicles so that they don't interrupt the flow of highway vehicle. Congestion analysis can be done based on the data of actual no. of volume rather than google maps live traffic pictures, which may show more precise results. References Chowdhury ARMM, Kunihiro Kishi, Satoh K (2002) A Study on Highway Logistics problem from Dhaka to Chittagong in Bangladesh. Japan Soc Civil Eng Md Z, Uddin, Mizunoya T (2020) An economic analysis of the proposed Dhaka–Chittagong Expressway in Bangladesh with the viewpoint of GHG emission reduction, Asia-Pacific Journal of Regional Science , vol. 4, no. 2, pp. 285–314, Jun. 10.1007/s41685-019-00136-5 Uddin MZ, Mizunoya T (2020) An economic analysis of the proposed Dhaka–Chittagong Expressway in Bangladesh with the viewpoint of GHG emission reduction. Asia-Pacific J Reg Sci 4(2):285–314. 10.1007/s41685-019-00136-5 Export-import thru Ctg port rises on economic pickup | The Financial Express. Accessed: Jul. 26 (2024) [Online]. Available: https://thefinancialexpress.com.bd/economy/bangladesh/export-import-thru-ctg-port-rises-on-economic-pickup 45174-001 Dhaka-Chittagong Expressway Public-Private Partnership Design Project | Asian Development Bank. Accessed: Jul. 26, 2024. [Online]. Available: https://www.adb.org/projects/45174-001/main Ferguson E, Reviews: Stuck in Traffic: Coping with Peak-Hour Traffic Congestion Anthony Downs The Brookings Institution, Washington DC, Lincoln Institute of Land Policy, Washington DC (1992) 210 pages. $ 28.95 (HB), $ 10.95 (PB, J Plan Educ Res , vol. 12, no. 3, pp. 257–259, Apr. 1993, 10.1177/0739456X9301200312 Rosenbloom S (Jun. 1978) Peak-period traffic congestion: A state-of-the-art analysis and evaluation of effective solutions. Transp (Amst) 7(2). 10.1007/BF00184638 Kittelson, Inc A (2003) Parsons Brinckerhoff Quade & Douglass Inc, and d Dr. Katherine Hunter-Zaworski, Transit capacity and quality of service manual, 2nd ed., Transit Cooperative Research Program TCRP Report 100, Washington, DC: Transportation Research Board. Thomson (1977) Great cities and their traffic . London: Gollancz, Accessed: Jul. 26, 2024. [Online]. Available: https://search.worldcat.org/title/3399920 Aftabuzzaman M (2007) Measuring Traffic Congestion- A Critical Review, in The 30th Australasian Transport Research Forum Bhuyan PK, Nayak MS (2013) A Review on Level of Service Analysis of Urban Streets, Transp Rev , vol. 33, no. 2, pp. 219–238, Mar. 10.1080/01441647.2013.779617 Sharples JM, Fletcher JP (2001) Pedestrian Perceptions on Road Crossing Facilities. Scott Exec Cent Res Unit Bandara D, Hewawasam C (2020) A Comparative Study on Effectiveness of Underpass and Overpass among Pedestrians in Different Urban Contexts in Sri Lanka. J Service Sci Manage 13(05):729–744. 10.4236/jssm.2020.135046 Additional Declarations The authors declare no competing interests. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. 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Introduction","content":"\u003cp\u003eThe transport system is a fundamental infrastructure that is essential for the socio-economic development of a country [\u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e]. The Dhaka-Chittagong National Highway (NH1) is a crucial economic corridor in Bangladesh, playing a significant role in the transportation of passengers and goods[\u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e]. According to Roads and Highways Department (RHD) the Annual Average Daily Traffic (AADT) of this highway about 35482 vehicles [\u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e]. And it is increasing every year. In between 2006 to 2014, average growth rate of vehicle was 10.3% which is alarming[\u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e3\u003c/span\u003e]. Over 90% of Bangladesh's export-import activities are handled by Chattogram seaport [\u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e4\u003c/span\u003e]. The number of motorised vehicles is anticipated to increase to a minimum of 35,000 per day in 2020, 70,000 in 2030, and over 120,000 in 2040, reliant upon the section and selected scenario for the traffic forecast [\u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e5\u003c/span\u003e]. Urban transport is significantly impacted by traffic congestion[\u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e6\u003c/span\u003e]. Traffic congestion arises when the capacity of the functioning road system is insufficient to accommodate the demand for travel [\u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e7\u003c/span\u003e]. This paper examines the factors that contribute to traffic jams on the Dhaka Chattogram highway and analyse the congestion at several important points and look into workable solutions to lessen highway traffic congestion by modification of intersections, road widening, parking space. It is predicted that by putting the suggested solutions into practice, traffic flow along this important corridor will be enhanced, allowing for easier movement of people and products, cutting down on travel time, and promoting sustainable economic growth in the area This study will shed light on the major issues causing the congestion, such as inadequate infrastructure, intersections, local bazar and unauthorized parking.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv id=\"Sec2\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003e1.1 Problem Identification\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThere are 31 congested points found on the Dhaka-Chattogram highway that need to be modified. They are given below according to order of distance from Chattogram to Dhaka : Pakkar Matha, Faujdarhat, Bhatiari Bus Stand, Kumira, Barabkunda Bazar, Mirsorai Bazar, Sonapahar Bus Stand, Bariayarhat, Chaddogram Bazar, Bissworoad Chourasta, Kotbari Bus Stop, Moynamoti Gas, Moynamoti gas Station, Cantonment Chattar, Chandina Bus Station, Harikhola Bazar, Madhaiya Bazar, Muradnagar Bus Stop, Malikhil Bus Stand, Gouripur Bus Stand, Boldakhal Bus Stand, Vaberchar Bus Stand, Anarpura Bus Stand, Mograpara Bus Stand, Sonargoan Fire Station, Shonakhali Bus Stand, Baluakandi Bus Stand, Madanpur Bus Stand, Chattogram Road Bus Stand, Sanarpara Bus Station, Signboard Bus Stop, Matuail Medical.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv id=\"Sec3\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003e1.2 Objectives of the Study\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe following objectives have been taken in account for this study.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003col\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eTo analyze traffic congestion level\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eTo improve traffic flow by minimizing traffic interruption through the entire highway.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eTo reduce the traffic congestion in busy points identified as intersections, local bazar, bus stoppage\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ol\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e"},{"header":"2. Methodology","content":" \u003cp\u003eThe Dhaka-Chattogram Highway has seen severe congestion throughout the years, especially during rush hour..The steps to carry out the study work in a sequential manner are shown in a research flow diagram. Various congestion points have been marked using Google Maps. These points were responsible for traffic congestion on the Highway.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec4\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003e2.1 Research Flow Diagram\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec5\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003e2.2 Congestion Intensity\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eThis study differentiates between different congestion intensities on the basis of Google Maps traffic analysis data. Users of Google Maps can utilize real time traffic data to find the most effective routes and navigate through congested areas. With Google Maps, one may immediately analyze the current traffic conditions using the color-coded overlays that depict the traffic intensity on the map.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec6\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003e2.3 Intensity Based on Colors\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003col\u003e \u003cspan\u003e \u003cli\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cb\u003eGreen\u003c/b\u003e: The green colour indicates that there is no substantial congestion. Traffic is moving smoothly on the roads labelled in green, and can maintain constant speeds along these routes.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/li\u003e \u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan\u003e \u003cli\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cb\u003eYellow\u003c/b\u003e: Roads that are yellow-highlighted indicate medium traffic. Along these routes, one should anticipate delays and reduced speeds.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/li\u003e \u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan\u003e \u003cli\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cb\u003eRed\u003c/b\u003e: Red denotes extremely crowded traffic. Along these routes, expect considerable delays and drastically slower speeds.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/li\u003e \u003c/span\u003e \u003c/ol\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e"},{"header":"3. Analysis","content":"\u003cp\u003eIt is evident from the current studies that the analysis of congestion at crucial spots along the Dhaka Chattogram Highway will result in a more effective solution. Many important points among them are similar kind. Therefore, it can be concluded that there are four categories of areas that require attention: intersections, bazaars, bus terminals, and bus stops. As of now, the congestion of these points is to be examined. The volume of numerous points along this highway is unavailable as a result of a data shortage. Therefore, the analysis was conducted using live traffic analysis via Google Maps.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec8\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003e3.1 Time Analysis for Data Collection\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eTo propose a better solution, it\u0026rsquo;s significant to collect data of peak hour. Public transport systems have the ability to greatly impact the level of traffic congestion during peak periods [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR8\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e8\u003c/span\u003e]. Despite the fact that the peak periods only account for a minor portion of the day, a significant number of passengers travel during these key times [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR9\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e9\u003c/span\u003e]. This traffic data from google satellite view was collected for seven days, five times a day with an interval of 3 hours time of data recording was: 10 AM, 1 PM, 4 PM, 7 PM,10 PM. We may analyse Chattogram Road Bus stand for instance,\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Fig.\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Fig2\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e3\u003c/span\u003e depicts that Chattogram Road is highly congested on Sunday. If we analyse that place for all the seven days of a week in a similar way, the result we get is shown in Fig.\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Fig3\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e4\u003c/span\u003e. Weekly data (Fig.\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Fig3\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e4\u003c/span\u003e) indicates that Chattogram Road bus stand is highly congested for five days and moderately congested for two days of a week. Simillar analysis has been conducted for all the 31 points of Dhaka Chattogram highway mentioned in the \u003cspan refid=\"Sec2\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003eproblem identification\u003c/span\u003e section\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec9\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003e3.2 Congestion Ranking Specification\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eTraditionally the utilization of level of service (LOS) has been one of the most prevalent metrics for traffic congestion[\u003cspan citationid=\"CR10\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e10\u003c/span\u003e]. LOS assesses quality of service (QOS) and is categorized into six levels for each facility type, ranging from \u0026lsquo;A\u0026rsquo; to \u0026lsquo;F\u0026rsquo;, with \u0026lsquo;A\u0026rsquo; indicating the best conditions and \u0026lsquo;F\u0026rsquo; the worst [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR11\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e11\u003c/span\u003e].However, influenced by this method, we separated congested points in a little bit different method. There are different level of congestion found along points of Dhaka Chattogram Highway. We cannot treat all the points similarly so that we ranked them based on the congestion intensity found. Ranking of any point is based on how many days that point were red, yellow or green out of seven days in a week.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cstrong\u003eRank A\u003c/strong\u003e \u003cp\u003eIf a minimum of 4 days out of seven days show a red point, then that place belongs to category A.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cb\u003eRank \u0026lsquo;B\u0026rsquo;\u003c/b\u003e : If a point of highway shows a maximum of three red with minimum of two yellow out of seven days based on weekly data, then this point can be classified into Rank \u0026lsquo;B\u0026rsquo;.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cb\u003eRank \u0026lsquo;C\u0026rsquo;\u003c/b\u003e : Minimum four green color maximum two red from weekly data shown by any points of highway is C ranked point. These are the points where congestion is not significant, so these points were not considered while proposing solution. All the points along the highway apart from rank A and rank B are classified into this group.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e"},{"header":"4. Result and Solution","content":"\u003cp\u003eAnalyzing all the 31 points like Chattogram Road Bus stand in a similar way based on weekly data ,they have been classified into any group based on ranking criterion.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e15 out of 31 points are classified into Rank A as they cause high level of congestion.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e16 points are classified into Rank B for medium level of congestion.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAll the points along Dhaka Chattogram highway apart from these 31 points can be termed Rank C points as they cause no congestion at all.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\n\u003cdiv id=\"Sec11\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003e4.1 Solution of Rank A\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eOverpass\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAn Overpass is a vertical separation crossing facility used to separate vehicle[\u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e12\u003c/span\u003e]. The city of Colombo has a significant concentration of overpasses due to high traffic flow[\u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e13\u003c/span\u003e]. It can be very good solution for Rank \u0026lsquo;A\u0026rsquo; points along the highway where the maximum congestion occurs. It lessens congestion as it separates the highway vehicle from local vehicle. So that highway vehicle doesn't need to come to halt at all these busiest points of highway which are defined as Rank \u0026lsquo;A\u0026rsquo; points.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv id=\"Sec12\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003e4.2 Solution of Rank B\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003ei) Culverts\u003c/strong\u003e: Culverts can be another solution as it allows vehicles to travel through is upper side and it has underlying space at the same time. That underlying space can be very useful for passage of local small vehicles, pedestrians in a moderately congested place,so that they don't interrupt the highway vehicles.\u003cbr /\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eii) \u003cstrong\u003eParking\u003c/strong\u003e: One of the reasons of congestion in Dhaka Chattogram highway is unauthorized parking of vehicles. This leads to reduction of velocity of other vehicles which lead to congestion. There are several points where the bus stops to drop and receive the passengers. For this purpose, if parking space can be established beside the highway, congestion due to unauthorized parking can be significantly reduced. Even the local vehicle traveling through the side lane along the highway will not get interrupted.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv id=\"Sec13\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003e4.3 Final Result\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAll the weekly data of congestion intensity of 31 points, their classification into different ranking and proposed solution have been summarized in the table below,\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"colspec\" align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"colspec\" align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003ctable id=\"Tab1\" border=\"1\"\u003e\u003ccaption\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 1\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFinal Result of Analysis\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/caption\u003e\n\u003cthead\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/th\u003e\n\u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/th\u003e\n\u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/th\u003e\n\u003cth colspan=\"3\" align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWeekly Data\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/th\u003e\n\u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/th\u003e\n\u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/th\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003c/thead\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSerial No.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eName of the point\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDistance from Chattogram (Km)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eRed\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eYellow\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eGreen\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eRank\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSolution\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePakkar Matha\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eA\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eOverpass\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFaujdarhat\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e6.2\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eA\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eOverpass\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eBhatiari Bus Stand\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e11\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eA\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eOverpass\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eKumira\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e19\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eB\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eParking\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e5\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eBarabkunda Bazar\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e28\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eA\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eOverpass\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e6\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMirsorai Bazar\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e55\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e5\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eA\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eOverpass\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e7\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSonapahar Bus Stand\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e60\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eB\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eParking\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e8\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eBaraiyarhat\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e67\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e5\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eA\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eOverpass\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e9\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eChauddogram Bazar\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e113\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eA\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eOverpass\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e10\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eBissworoad Chourasta\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e145\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eA\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eOverpass\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e11\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eKotbari Bus Stop\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e147\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eB\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCulvert \u0026amp; Parking\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e12\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMoynamoti Gas Station\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e154\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eB\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCulvert\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e13\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCantonment Chattar\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e156\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eA\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eOverpass\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e14\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eChandina Bus Station\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e164\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eB\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCulvert \u0026amp; Parking\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e15\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eHarikhola Bazar\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e166\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eB\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCulvert\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e16\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMadhaiya Bazar\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e171\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eB\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCulvert\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e17\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMuradnagar Bus Stop\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e181\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eB\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eParking\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e18\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMalikhil Bus Stand\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e183\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eB\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCulvert \u0026amp; Parking\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e19\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eGouripur Bus Stand\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e188\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eA\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eOverpass\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e20\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eBoldakhal Bus Stand\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e206\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eB\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCulvert\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e21\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eVaberchar Bus Stand\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e210\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eA\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eOverpass\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e22\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAnarpara Bus Stand\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e212\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eB\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eParking\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e23\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMograpara Bus Stand\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e213\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eA\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eOverpass\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e24\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSonargoan Fire Station\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e216\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eB\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCulvert\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e25\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eShonakhali Bus Stand\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e218\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eB\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eParking\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e26\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eBaluakandi Bus Stand\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e219\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eB\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eParking\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e27\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMadanpur Bus Stand\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e221\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eA\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eOverpass\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e28\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eChattogram Road Bus Stand\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e226\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e5\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eA\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eOverpass\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e29\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSanarpara Bus Station\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e232\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eB\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCulvert \u0026amp; Parking\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e30\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSignboard Bus Stop\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e234\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e5\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eA\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eOverpass\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e31\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMatuail Medical\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e236\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eB\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eParking\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003c/tbody\u003e\n\u003c/table\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e"},{"header":"5. Conclusion and Recommendation","content":"\u003cp\u003e \u003cb\u003e5.1 Conclusion\u003c/b\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cul\u003e \u003cli\u003e \u003cp\u003eTraffic flow in highway is found to be very smooth in the early morning hour which tends to increase by time. Traffic intensity color at 4pm of any place shows the average condition of whole day's traffic intensity color at that place\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe capacity of the highway is satisfactory enough with its traffic volume but still congestion occurs at specific points like major intersections, bazars and bus stands due to mixing of vehicles going towards different directions. So congestion can be reduced greatly by taking care of these specified points\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e \u003cp\u003eEstablishment of 15 overpasses, 9 culverts, and 11 parking spaces at specified points along the entire 265-kilometer highway can significantly reduce congestion.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e \u003cp\u003eLocal vehicles can use the underlying space of overpasses and culverts to cross the highway or to make a U-turn if needed, without interrupting the flow of highway vehicles.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/li\u003e \u003c/ul\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cb\u003e5.2 Recommendation\u003c/b\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cul\u003e \u003cli\u003e \u003cp\u003eExtra Two lanes can be added on both directions of highway for only local vehicles so that they don't interrupt the flow of highway vehicle.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e \u003cp\u003eCongestion analysis can be done based on the data of actual no. of volume rather than google maps live traffic pictures, which may show more precise results.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/li\u003e \u003c/ul\u003e \u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"References","content":"\u003col\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eChowdhury ARMM, Kunihiro Kishi, Satoh K (2002) A Study on Highway Logistics problem from Dhaka to Chittagong in Bangladesh. Japan Soc Civil Eng\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eMd Z, Uddin, Mizunoya T (2020) An economic analysis of the proposed Dhaka\u0026ndash;Chittagong Expressway in Bangladesh with the viewpoint of GHG emission reduction, \u003cem\u003eAsia-Pacific Journal of Regional Science\u003c/em\u003e, vol. 4, no. 2, pp. 285\u0026ndash;314, Jun. \u003cspan class=\"ExternalRef\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"RefSource\"\u003e10.1007/s41685-019-00136-5\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan address=\"10.1007/s41685-019-00136-5\" targettype=\"DOI\" class=\"RefTarget\"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eUddin MZ, Mizunoya T (2020) An economic analysis of the proposed Dhaka\u0026ndash;Chittagong Expressway in Bangladesh with the viewpoint of GHG emission reduction. Asia-Pacific J Reg Sci 4(2):285\u0026ndash;314. \u003cspan class=\"ExternalRef\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"RefSource\"\u003e10.1007/s41685-019-00136-5\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan address=\"10.1007/s41685-019-00136-5\" targettype=\"DOI\" class=\"RefTarget\"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eExport-import thru Ctg port rises on economic pickup | The Financial Express. Accessed: Jul. 26 (2024) [Online]. Available: \u003cspan class=\"ExternalRef\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"RefSource\"\u003ehttps://thefinancialexpress.com.bd/economy/bangladesh/export-import-thru-ctg-port-rises-on-economic-pickup\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan address=\"https://thefinancialexpress.com.bd/economy/bangladesh/export-import-thru-ctg-port-rises-on-economic-pickup\" targettype=\"URL\" class=\"RefTarget\"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003e45174-001 Dhaka-Chittagong Expressway Public-Private Partnership Design Project | Asian Development Bank. Accessed: Jul. 26, 2024. [Online]. Available: \u003cspan class=\"ExternalRef\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"RefSource\"\u003ehttps://www.adb.org/projects/45174-001/main\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan address=\"https://www.adb.org/projects/45174-001/main\" targettype=\"URL\" class=\"RefTarget\"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eFerguson E, Reviews: Stuck in Traffic: Coping with Peak-Hour Traffic Congestion Anthony Downs The Brookings Institution, Washington DC, Lincoln Institute of Land Policy, Washington DC (1992) 210 pages. \u003cspan\u003e$\u003c/span\u003e28.95 (HB), \u003cspan\u003e$\u003c/span\u003e10.95 (PB, \u003cem\u003eJ Plan Educ Res\u003c/em\u003e, vol. 12, no. 3, pp. 257\u0026ndash;259, Apr. 1993, \u003cspan class=\"ExternalRef\"\u003e \u003cspan class=\"RefSource\"\u003e10.1177/0739456X9301200312\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan address=\"10.1177/0739456X9301200312\" targettype=\"DOI\" class=\"RefTarget\"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e \u003c/span\u003e \u003c/span\u003e \u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eRosenbloom S (Jun. 1978) Peak-period traffic congestion: A state-of-the-art analysis and evaluation of effective solutions. Transp (Amst) 7(2). \u003cspan class=\"ExternalRef\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"RefSource\"\u003e10.1007/BF00184638\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan address=\"10.1007/BF00184638\" targettype=\"DOI\" class=\"RefTarget\"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eKittelson, Inc A (2003) Parsons Brinckerhoff Quade \u0026amp; Douglass Inc, and d Dr. Katherine Hunter-Zaworski, Transit capacity and quality of service manual, 2nd ed., \u003cem\u003eTransit Cooperative Research Program TCRP Report 100, Washington, DC: Transportation Research Board.\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eThomson (1977) \u003cem\u003eGreat cities and their traffic\u003c/em\u003e. London: Gollancz, Accessed: Jul. 26, 2024. [Online]. Available: \u003cspan class=\"ExternalRef\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"RefSource\"\u003ehttps://search.worldcat.org/title/3399920\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan address=\"https://search.worldcat.org/title/3399920\" targettype=\"URL\" class=\"RefTarget\"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eAftabuzzaman M (2007) Measuring Traffic Congestion- A Critical Review, in \u003cem\u003eThe 30th Australasian Transport Research Forum\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eBhuyan PK, Nayak MS (2013) A Review on Level of Service Analysis of Urban Streets, \u003cem\u003eTransp Rev\u003c/em\u003e, vol. 33, no. 2, pp. 219\u0026ndash;238, Mar. \u003cspan class=\"ExternalRef\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"RefSource\"\u003e10.1080/01441647.2013.779617\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan address=\"10.1080/01441647.2013.779617\" targettype=\"DOI\" class=\"RefTarget\"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eSharples JM, Fletcher JP (2001) Pedestrian Perceptions on Road Crossing Facilities. Scott Exec Cent Res Unit\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eBandara D, Hewawasam C (2020) A Comparative Study on Effectiveness of Underpass and Overpass among Pedestrians in Different Urban Contexts in Sri Lanka. J Service Sci Manage 13(05):729\u0026ndash;744. \u003cspan class=\"ExternalRef\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"RefSource\"\u003e10.4236/jssm.2020.135046\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan address=\"10.4236/jssm.2020.135046\" targettype=\"DOI\" class=\"RefTarget\"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003c/ol\u003e"}],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":true,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":true,"hideJournal":true,"highlight":"","institution":"Chittagong University of Engineering \u0026 Technology","isAcceptedByJournal":false,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":false,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":false,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"Dhaka Chittagong highway, Traffic congestion, Overpass, Peak hour congestion, uninterrupted traffic flow","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-5436788/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-5436788/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003eA national highway is a major road within a country that connects cities, regions and states. It facilitates the passage of people, goods, and services across the nation, serving as a vital transportation artery. Dhaka-Chattogram National Highway links the capital city of Dhaka to the port city Chattogram. Congestion on the Dhaka-Chattogram highway has become a serious issue. The traffic on the highway has exceeded 40,000 passenger car equivalents a day (PCU/day) at most of the locations. This paper addresses the problem of highway congestion and proposes ways to alleviate traffic congestion. The study begins with a comprehensive analysis of the factors contributing to congestion on the Dhaka-Chattogram highway. Analysis was more emphasized on the existing traffic conditions, peak hour congestion patterns and all the important points on highway that are mainly responsible for congestion based on data at different times of a day. This analysis depicts the busiest 31 points of highway that need to be dealt with. To mitigate the congestion based on its intensity, 15 overpasses, 9 culverts and 11 parking spaces are proposed. These solutions will lead to minimize traffic congestion by ensuring uninterrupted traffic flow and offer a reduced journey time to the road users.\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"Improving Dhaka-Chattogram Existing National Highway By Minimizing Traffic Interruption","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2024-11-13 09:23:49","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-5436788/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"a5f04316-0322-47b5-8b36-3f625fb8b9dd","owner":[],"postedDate":"November 13th, 2024","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"posted","subjectAreas":[{"id":40130827,"name":"Civil Engineering"}],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2024-11-13T09:23:49+00:00","versionOfRecord":[],"versionCreatedAt":"2024-11-13 09:23:49","video":"","vorDoi":"","vorDoiUrl":"","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-5436788","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-5436788","identity":"rs-5436788","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"qtupq5eGEP_6zYnWcrvyt","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}