Real-time non-invasive monitoring of acute pulmonary embolism based on dynamic EIT technology: A new approach

Real-time non-invasive monitoring of acute pulmonary embolism based on dynamic EIT technology: A new approach | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article Real-time non-invasive monitoring of acute pulmonary embolism based on dynamic EIT technology: A new approach Junyao Li, Mingxu Zhu, Yitong Guo, Weichen Li, Qing He, Yu Wang, and 6 more This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-5067647/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Published Journal Publication published 08 Jan, 2025 Read the published version in Respiratory Research → Version 1 posted 9 You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract Background Acute pulmonary embolism is the third most prevalent cardiovascular pathology, following coronary artery disease and hypertension. It is not only frequently misdiagnosed and underdiagnosed, but also carries an untreated mortality rate of 20–30%. In view of the lack of real-time monitoring technology for acute pulmonary embolism, this study investigates the feasibility of using the newly developed high-performance electrical impedance tomography (EIT) system for the detection and real-time monitoring of acute pulmonary embolism through the acquisition and imaging of pulsed pulmonary blood flow signals. Methods A total of 12 domestic pigs (20.75 ± 2.56 kg) were used in a before-and-after self-control experiment. The changes in pulmonary perfusion induced before and after acute pulmonary embolism (artificially induced) were monitored in real time by applying the vascular pulsatility method. The Amplitude , Forward (Negative) Slope , and S ARC were extracted from the data for the purpose of assessing the status of local pulmonary perfusion. Furthermore, the degree of ventilation/perfusion matching in the lungs was evaluated concurrently with the analysis of lung ventilation areas. A conventional invasive hypertonic saline (5ml of 10% NaCl) contrast technique was employed for the purpose of control validation. Results The perfusion alterations subsequent to embolisation via the vascular pulsatile method exhibited a high degree of consistency with those observed following the administration of hypertonic saline. In particular, the perfusion area on the embolised side was markedly diminished, as were the perfusion indexes, with the most pronounced alterations observed in Amplitude (P < 0.001) and S ARC (P < 0.001). Furthermore, the extracted V/Q and other indexes, in conjunction with regional ventilation, demonstrated notable discrepancies. The V/Q match% (P < 0.001) and Dead Space% (P < 0.001) exhibited the greatest sensitivity to alterations in acute. Furthermore, a high degree of concordance was observed between the two methods in the detection of acute pulmonary embolism when compared with the hypertonic saline method (Kappa = 0.75, P < 0.05). Conclusions The vascular beat-based EIT imaging method has the potential to reflect changes in pulmonary perfusion status before and after embolisation in real time. This could prove to be an effective non-invasive real-time bedside monitoring method for acute pulmonary embolism. Electrical impedance tomography Acute pulmonary embolism Pulmonary perfusion Vascular pulsatile method Hypertonic saline contrast technique V/Q Full Text Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Published Journal Publication published 08 Jan, 2025 Read the published version in Respiratory Research → Version 1 posted Editorial decision: Revision requested 25 Nov, 2024 Reviews received at journal 25 Nov, 2024 Reviews received at journal 11 Nov, 2024 Reviewers agreed at journal 29 Oct, 2024 Reviewers agreed at journal 06 Oct, 2024 Reviewers invited by journal 29 Sep, 2024 Editor assigned by journal 12 Sep, 2024 Submission checks completed at journal 11 Sep, 2024 First submitted to journal 10 Sep, 2024 You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. 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Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-5067647","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":382478115,"identity":"e2e05610-e5e2-4885-b0f9-5cc17c3c4473","order_by":0,"name":"Junyao Li","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Shaanxi Provincial key Laboratory of Bioelectromagnetic Detection and Intelligent Perception, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Air Force Medical 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reported.","formattedTitle":"Real-time non-invasive monitoring of acute pulmonary embolism based on dynamic EIT technology: A new approach","fulltext":[],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":false,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":false,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":true,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":true,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":true,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"respiratory-research","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"rere","sideBox":"Learn more about [Respiratory Research](http://respiratory-research.biomedcentral.com/)","snPcode":"12931","submissionUrl":"https://submission.nature.com/new-submission/12931/3","title":"Respiratory Research","twitterHandle":"@RespiratoryBMC","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":true,"editorialSystem":"em","reportingPortfolio":"BMC/SO AJ","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"Electrical impedance tomography, Acute pulmonary embolism, Pulmonary perfusion, Vascular pulsatile method, Hypertonic saline contrast technique, V/Q","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-5067647/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-5067647/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003ch2\u003eBackground\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eAcute pulmonary embolism is the third most prevalent cardiovascular pathology, following coronary artery disease and hypertension. It is not only frequently misdiagnosed and underdiagnosed, but also carries an untreated mortality rate of 20\u0026ndash;30%. In view of the lack of real-time monitoring technology for acute pulmonary embolism, this study investigates the feasibility of using the newly developed high-performance electrical impedance tomography (EIT) system for the detection and real-time monitoring of acute pulmonary embolism through the acquisition and imaging of pulsed pulmonary blood flow signals.\u003c/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eMethods\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eA total of 12 domestic pigs (20.75\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;2.56 kg) were used in a before-and-after self-control experiment. The changes in pulmonary perfusion induced before and after acute pulmonary embolism (artificially induced) were monitored in real time by applying the vascular pulsatility method. The \u003cem\u003eAmplitude\u003c/em\u003e, \u003cem\u003eForward (Negative) Slope\u003c/em\u003e, and \u003cem\u003eS\u003c/em\u003e\u003csub\u003e\u003cem\u003eARC\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/sub\u003e were extracted from the data for the purpose of assessing the status of local pulmonary perfusion. Furthermore, the degree of ventilation/perfusion matching in the lungs was evaluated concurrently with the analysis of lung ventilation areas. A conventional invasive hypertonic saline (5ml of 10% NaCl) contrast technique was employed for the purpose of control validation.\u003c/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eResults\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe perfusion alterations subsequent to embolisation via the vascular pulsatile method exhibited a high degree of consistency with those observed following the administration of hypertonic saline. In particular, the perfusion area on the embolised side was markedly diminished, as were the perfusion indexes, with the most pronounced alterations observed in \u003cem\u003eAmplitude\u003c/em\u003e (P\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.001) and \u003cem\u003eS\u003c/em\u003e\u003csub\u003e\u003cem\u003eARC\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/sub\u003e (P\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.001). Furthermore, the extracted V/Q and other indexes, in conjunction with regional ventilation, demonstrated notable discrepancies. The \u003cem\u003eV/Q match%\u003c/em\u003e (P\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.001) and \u003cem\u003eDead Space%\u003c/em\u003e (P\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.001) exhibited the greatest sensitivity to alterations in acute. Furthermore, a high degree of concordance was observed between the two methods in the detection of acute pulmonary embolism when compared with the hypertonic saline method (Kappa\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.75, P\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.05).\u003c/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eConclusions\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe vascular beat-based EIT imaging method has the potential to reflect changes in pulmonary perfusion status before and after embolisation in real time. This could prove to be an effective non-invasive real-time bedside monitoring method for acute pulmonary embolism.\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"Real-time non-invasive monitoring of acute pulmonary embolism based on dynamic EIT technology: A new approach","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2024-12-10 06:02:57","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-5067647/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0},{"type":"decision","content":"Revision requested","date":"2024-11-25T17:01:21+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvitedReview","content":"","date":"2024-11-25T14:26:19+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvitedReview","content":"","date":"2024-11-11T14:41:01+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"213668834461909632286816832446952351515","date":"2024-10-29T08:15:34+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"240243217259409861604425760196245896464","date":"2024-10-07T03:24:17+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewersInvited","content":"","date":"2024-09-29T11:08:58+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorAssigned","content":"","date":"2024-09-12T17:56:48+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"checksComplete","content":"","date":"2024-09-12T00:00:43+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"submitted","content":"Respiratory Research","date":"2024-09-11T02:29:13+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"respiratory-research","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"rere","sideBox":"Learn more about [Respiratory Research](http://respiratory-research.biomedcentral.com/)","snPcode":"12931","submissionUrl":"https://submission.nature.com/new-submission/12931/3","title":"Respiratory Research","twitterHandle":"@RespiratoryBMC","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":true,"editorialSystem":"em","reportingPortfolio":"BMC/SO AJ","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"ed796081-ecc7-47a9-aeeb-c72c9805e0d3","owner":[],"postedDate":"December 10th, 2024","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"published-in-journal","subjectAreas":[],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2025-01-13T16:04:30+00:00","versionOfRecord":{"articleIdentity":"rs-5067647","link":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12931-024-03090-9","journal":{"identity":"respiratory-research","isVorOnly":false,"title":"Respiratory Research"},"publishedOn":"2025-01-08 15:58:00","publishedOnDateReadable":"January 8th, 2025"},"versionCreatedAt":"2024-12-10 06:02:57","video":"","vorDoi":"10.1186/s12931-024-03090-9","vorDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12931-024-03090-9","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-5067647","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-5067647","identity":"rs-5067647","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"qtupq5eGEP_6zYnWcrvyt","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}