Mapping Potential Health Risk Vulnerability in Relation to Nitrate Pollution of Water in Gaza, Palestine

Abstract Contamination of water resources with nitrate is an increasing worldwide phenomenon that requires attention, particularly in areas with high vulnerability such as Gaza, Palestine. The study presented the areas where nitrate concentrations are expected to impose health risks using Geographic Information System (GIS) application to present the most at risk areas. The highest risk areas, located in the North and Khan Younis governorates of Gaza Strip, were shown on maps based on a proposed vulnerability criteria that consider the potential health risk (hazard quotient for nitrate >1), the level of poverty (>50%), and the level of water salinity (TDS<1000 mg/l). Residents of those areas, particularly infants, are more prone to health risks due to their higher vulnerabilities, and therefore, special advisory need to address them by the designated municipality. In addition, more strategic interventions to ensure the provision of alternative safe water supply need to be undertaken.