Amorphous-to-Crystalline Transition Strategy Boosting Copper-Nickel Bimetallic Anchored Hollow Covalent Organic Framework Nanozyme for Colorimetric Sensing of Epinephrine

Amorphous-to-Crystalline Transition Strategy Boosting Copper-Nickel Bimetallic Anchored Hollow Covalent Organic Framework Nanozyme for Colorimetric Sensing of Epinephrine | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article Amorphous-to-Crystalline Transition Strategy Boosting Copper-Nickel Bimetallic Anchored Hollow Covalent Organic Framework Nanozyme for Colorimetric Sensing of Epinephrine Ran Na, Yuying Yuan, Ziyi Yang, Jianliang Chen, Yixi Gu, Ting Bao, and 3 more This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-7188031/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Published Journal Publication published 01 Nov, 2025 Read the published version in Microchimica Acta → Version 1 posted 11 You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract Hollow covalent organic framework (HCOF) with well-ordered pore structure can provide robust platform for the anchoring of metal nanoparticles to design an innovative and potent nanozyme. Herein, an amorphous-to-crystalline transition strategy was utilized to synthesize the uniform HCOF, which was used as effective nanocarrier for the anchoring of Cu-Ni bimetallic nanoparticles to prepared Cu-Ni/HCOF nanozyme with laccase-mimicking activity. By integrating the morphological control of amorphous covalent organic polymer (COP) and the crystallization-induced hollowing out, the synthesized HCOF increased the substrate enrichment and diffusion, superadding the massive loading of Cu-Ni nanoparticles, which significantly promoted the catalytic activity. Taking advantage of the laccase-mimicking activity of the Cu-Ni/HCOF nanozyme, simple and efficient detection of epinephrine was achieved with a detection limit of 0.14 µg/mL. This colorimetric sensing strategy offered an efficient approach for epinephrine detection in complex matrix, exhibiting potential application in early diagnosis of disease. Cu-Ni/HCOF nanozyme Amorphous-to-crystalline transition strategy laccase-mimicking activity Colorimetric sensing platform Epinephrine Full Text Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Supplementary Files Supportinginformation.docx Cite Share Download PDF Status: Published Journal Publication published 01 Nov, 2025 Read the published version in Microchimica Acta → Version 1 posted Editorial decision: Revision requested 08 Aug, 2025 Reviews received at journal 07 Aug, 2025 Reviews received at journal 06 Aug, 2025 Reviews received at journal 03 Aug, 2025 Reviewers agreed at journal 31 Jul, 2025 Reviewers agreed at journal 29 Jul, 2025 Reviewers agreed at journal 29 Jul, 2025 Reviewers invited by journal 29 Jul, 2025 Editor assigned by journal 24 Jul, 2025 Submission checks completed at journal 24 Jul, 2025 First submitted to journal 22 Jul, 2025 You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. Our growing team is made up of researchers and industry professionals working together to solve the most critical problems facing scientific publishing. Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-7188031","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":492529222,"identity":"1c84d37c-1858-4646-8675-e83b9adde68a","order_by":0,"name":"Ran Na","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Hubei University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Ran","middleName":"","lastName":"Na","suffix":""},{"id":492529224,"identity":"e33615c2-077f-44f7-a5b7-5702491dc435","order_by":1,"name":"Yuying Yuan","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Hubei University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Yuying","middleName":"","lastName":"Yuan","suffix":""},{"id":492529226,"identity":"51832d66-7667-477c-be12-28be87baa20e","order_by":2,"name":"Ziyi Yang","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Hubei University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Ziyi","middleName":"","lastName":"Yang","suffix":""},{"id":492529228,"identity":"9851abb4-04cc-4944-bab9-d735cd5cb47b","order_by":3,"name":"Jianliang Chen","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Hubei University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Jianliang","middleName":"","lastName":"Chen","suffix":""},{"id":492529230,"identity":"84b21d94-ff2f-4eeb-898c-426c5bf794f8","order_by":4,"name":"Yixi Gu","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Wuhan Institute of Technology","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Yixi","middleName":"","lastName":"Gu","suffix":""},{"id":492529231,"identity":"4f5a6bcd-6cae-4464-a18e-d60cb92cabc7","order_by":5,"name":"Ting Bao","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Hubei University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Ting","middleName":"","lastName":"Bao","suffix":""},{"id":492529232,"identity":"298ce369-a474-495b-be4d-bbcc26e738ae","order_by":6,"name":"Xiuhua Zhang","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Hubei University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Xiuhua","middleName":"","lastName":"Zhang","suffix":""},{"id":492529233,"identity":"b0cba079-e6c7-4525-af9f-1776a7e472d6","order_by":7,"name":"Shengfu Wang","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Hubei University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Shengfu","middleName":"","lastName":"Wang","suffix":""},{"id":492529234,"identity":"7411928f-e6d5-4fc8-b48c-b5d148b5254e","order_by":8,"name":"Wei Wen","email":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAAAw0lEQVRIiWNgGAWjYNACA5sEBgkQg414LWkka2E4TIIWg+O9xyQ+FJzPM7jdY8DwoewwA//sBgJazpxLk5xhcLvY4M4ZA8YZ5w4zSNw5gF+L2Y0cs9s8BrcTN9zIMWDmbTvMYCCRQEDL/Tdmt/8YnINo+UuUlhs8ZrcZDA5AtDASo8X+TI75zx6D5MSZd44VHOw5l84jcYOAFsn2M8YGP/7YJfbdbt744EeZtRz/DAJaUMABIOYhQf0oGAWjYBSMAlwAANuNSAYatR50AAAAAElFTkSuQmCC","orcid":"","institution":"Hubei University","correspondingAuthor":true,"prefix":"","firstName":"Wei","middleName":"","lastName":"Wen","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2025-07-22 14:23:11","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":"","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-7188031/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-7188031/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[{"content":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00604-025-07597-w","type":"published","date":"2025-11-01T15:57:47+00:00"}],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":95040637,"identity":"06b13552-32a9-4fdd-af15-9f7523a20edf","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-11-03 16:10:04","extension":"pdf","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":1027346,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Manuscript.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7188031/v1_covered_949e0071-8437-4c36-8b07-f8b5d270f316.pdf"},{"id":87952789,"identity":"b49d97e8-e77f-4007-a7fd-fc2cccf22172","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-07-30 17:59:52","extension":"docx","order_by":0,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"supplement","size":3443891,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Supportinginformation.docx","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7188031/v1/2364c5c60349607aa9c8548e.docx"}],"financialInterests":"No competing interests reported.","formattedTitle":"Amorphous-to-Crystalline Transition Strategy Boosting Copper-Nickel Bimetallic Anchored Hollow Covalent Organic Framework Nanozyme for Colorimetric Sensing of Epinephrine","fulltext":[],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":false,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":false,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":true,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":true,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":true,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"microchimica-acta","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"miac","sideBox":"Learn more about [Microchimica Acta](https://link.springer.com/journal/604)","snPcode":"604","submissionUrl":"https://submission.springernature.com/new-submission/604/3","title":"Microchimica Acta","twitterHandle":"","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":true,"editorialSystem":"stoa","reportingPortfolio":"Springer Hybrid","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":false},"keywords":"Cu-Ni/HCOF nanozyme, Amorphous-to-crystalline transition strategy, laccase-mimicking activity, Colorimetric sensing platform, Epinephrine","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-7188031/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-7188031/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003eHollow covalent organic framework (HCOF) with well-ordered pore structure can provide robust platform for the anchoring of metal nanoparticles to design an innovative and potent nanozyme. Herein, an amorphous-to-crystalline transition strategy was utilized to synthesize the uniform HCOF, which was used as effective nanocarrier for the anchoring of Cu-Ni bimetallic nanoparticles to prepared Cu-Ni/HCOF nanozyme with laccase-mimicking activity. By integrating the morphological control of amorphous covalent organic polymer (COP) and the crystallization-induced hollowing out, the synthesized HCOF increased the substrate enrichment and diffusion, superadding the massive loading of Cu-Ni nanoparticles, which significantly promoted the catalytic activity. Taking advantage of the laccase-mimicking activity of the Cu-Ni/HCOF nanozyme, simple and efficient detection of epinephrine was achieved with a detection limit of 0.14 \u0026micro;g/mL. This colorimetric sensing strategy offered an efficient approach for epinephrine detection in complex matrix, exhibiting potential application in early diagnosis of disease.\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"Amorphous-to-Crystalline Transition Strategy Boosting Copper-Nickel Bimetallic Anchored Hollow Covalent Organic Framework Nanozyme for Colorimetric Sensing of Epinephrine","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2025-07-30 17:59:47","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-7188031/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0},{"type":"decision","content":"Revision requested","date":"2025-08-08T18:43:21+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvitedReview","content":"","date":"2025-08-08T02:12:46+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvitedReview","content":"","date":"2025-08-06T08:07:02+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvitedReview","content":"","date":"2025-08-03T04:01:07+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"291234632079727311344798338170248741401","date":"2025-07-31T06:29:06+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"300354793922240038874222915659746193248","date":"2025-07-29T10:34:28+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"276101804818136723151914740810695611981","date":"2025-07-29T07:57:00+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewersInvited","content":"","date":"2025-07-29T05:48:08+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorAssigned","content":"","date":"2025-07-25T03:10:22+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"checksComplete","content":"","date":"2025-07-25T03:08:24+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"submitted","content":"Microchimica Acta","date":"2025-07-22T14:09:57+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"microchimica-acta","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"miac","sideBox":"Learn more about [Microchimica Acta](https://link.springer.com/journal/604)","snPcode":"604","submissionUrl":"https://submission.springernature.com/new-submission/604/3","title":"Microchimica Acta","twitterHandle":"","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":true,"editorialSystem":"stoa","reportingPortfolio":"Springer Hybrid","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":false}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"a1247bdd-cfb1-4793-8f46-909c61ed1417","owner":[],"postedDate":"July 30th, 2025","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"published-in-journal","subjectAreas":[],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2025-11-03T16:06:43+00:00","versionOfRecord":{"articleIdentity":"rs-7188031","link":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00604-025-07597-w","journal":{"identity":"microchimica-acta","isVorOnly":false,"title":"Microchimica Acta"},"publishedOn":"2025-11-01 15:57:47","publishedOnDateReadable":"November 1st, 2025"},"versionCreatedAt":"2025-07-30 17:59:47","video":"","vorDoi":"10.1007/s00604-025-07597-w","vorDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00604-025-07597-w","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-7188031","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-7188031","identity":"rs-7188031","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"8U1c8b4HqxoKbykW_rLl7","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}