Toward a Sensitive Sustainability Framework for Mountainous Parks Under Saudi Vision 2030:the Case of Raghadan Forest Park

Toward a Sensitive Sustainability Framework for Mountainous Parks Under Saudi Vision 2030:the Case of Raghadan Forest Park | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article Toward a Sensitive Sustainability Framework for Mountainous Parks Under Saudi Vision 2030:the Case of Raghadan Forest Park Mahmoud T. Mohamed Hammad, Naief Ali Adossary Adossary, Abdulaziz Ahmad Alzahrani Alzahrani, and 1 more This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-7917971/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Under Review Version 1 posted 11 You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract In alignment with Saudi Arabia’s Vision 2030, this study develops a context-sensitive sustainability framework tailored to the unique environmental and cultural characteristics of mountainous parks. Raghadan Forest Park in the Al-Baha region serves as a representative case for examining the practical implementation of sustainability-oriented policies within a sensitive ecological and socio-cultural context. The research critically evaluates the environmental, socio-cultural, and economic strategies applied in the park, identifying their effectiveness in addressing key challenges such as resource scarcity, biodiversity conservation, and growing recreational demands. Through comparative benchmarking with international parks, the study highlights both strengths—such as native vegetation use, terraced landscape management, and community-oriented initiatives—and persistent gaps in renewable energy integration, waste management, and visitor impact control. The findings emphasize the necessity of adopting holistic, evidence-based approaches that integrate ecological resilience, cultural heritage preservation, and economic diversification. Ultimately, the study proposes a comprehensive framework that positions Raghadan Forest Park as a pioneering model for sustainable landscape development in Saudi Arabia’s mountainous regions—balancing environmental integrity, social inclusivity, and long-term economic viability under the national sustainability vision. sensitive sustainability environmental socio-cultural mountainous parks biodiversity conservation economic diversification Full Text Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Under Review Version 1 posted Editorial decision: Revision requested 30 Nov, 2025 Reviews received at journal 27 Nov, 2025 Reviews received at journal 18 Nov, 2025 Reviews received at journal 15 Nov, 2025 Reviewers agreed at journal 06 Nov, 2025 Reviewers agreed at journal 06 Nov, 2025 Reviewers agreed at journal 05 Nov, 2025 Reviewers invited by journal 03 Nov, 2025 Editor assigned by journal 03 Nov, 2025 Submission checks completed at journal 30 Oct, 2025 First submitted to journal 21 Oct, 2025 You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. Our growing team is made up of researchers and industry professionals working together to solve the most critical problems facing scientific publishing. Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-7917971","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":541292581,"identity":"018f42d7-2b68-4e92-a7e9-7a50cf5483f4","order_by":0,"name":"Mahmoud T. Mohamed Hammad","email":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAAAuUlEQVRIiWNgGAWjYNCCAzYJIEqCONVsYC1ppGs5TIIW3fnNzz58OHM+z+AA88HbPAx18gS1mB1jM54548btYoMDbMnWPAyHDRsIa2EwZub5cDtxwwEeM2kehgOMRGhh/8z858M5oBb+b0AtdfZEaOExZma4cQBkCxtQC3MiEVpyihl7ziQXSx5mM7acY3A4mbCWw8c3M/w4ZpfHd7z54Y03FXW2BLUgADOIMCBe/SgYBaNgFIwCPAAAg1g9zwDOUugAAAAASUVORK5CYII=","orcid":"","institution":"Department of Architecture, Faculty of Engineering, Al-Baha University","correspondingAuthor":true,"prefix":"","firstName":"Mahmoud","middleName":"T. Mohamed","lastName":"Hammad","suffix":""},{"id":541292583,"identity":"f10ef553-6685-4b8a-b42c-83261a39bcbc","order_by":1,"name":"Naief Ali Adossary Adossary","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Department of Architecture, Faculty of Engineering, Al-Baha University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Naief","middleName":"Ali Adossary","lastName":"Adossary","suffix":""},{"id":541292585,"identity":"2482970d-aa21-41f8-b6d9-0782ac3ee38f","order_by":2,"name":"Abdulaziz Ahmad Alzahrani Alzahrani","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Department of Architecture, Faculty of Engineering, Al-Baha University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Abdulaziz","middleName":"Ahmad Alzahrani","lastName":"Alzahrani","suffix":""},{"id":541292586,"identity":"bc6233c0-4212-494c-931a-b3d5c3ee8e85","order_by":3,"name":"Jamal Khaled Alghamdi Alghamdi","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Department of Architecture, Faculty of Engineering, Al-Baha University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Jamal","middleName":"Khaled Alghamdi","lastName":"Alghamdi","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2025-10-22 08:13:31","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":"","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-7917971/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-7917971/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":95861543,"identity":"3f16007d-f6ab-4b5a-9132-5c0a33c8209b","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-11-13 17:57:51","extension":"docx","order_by":0,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":26668063,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Due8888888888888withfundingdeclaration.docx","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7917971/v1/c2e0814e8adf3e2a1bc19db2.docx"},{"id":96242363,"identity":"6f553ccc-f946-4739-97f2-e5d640fea732","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-11-19 07:12:48","extension":"json","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":6636,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"bf1914f513af46cf9ae7137752251185.json","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7917971/v1/51e873e61858a0466dde3d4f.json"},{"id":95861561,"identity":"bb4d38fc-aa64-4cfb-b628-375308dc32af","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-11-13 17:57:51","extension":"docx","order_by":2,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":26652164,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Figures22tables22.docx","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7917971/v1/6d38e3542be63d86b3548239.docx"},{"id":95861530,"identity":"521c81b8-9bdf-433f-befe-576e3b36f99c","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-11-13 17:57:51","extension":"xml","order_by":3,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":135307,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"bf1914f513af46cf9ae71377522511851enriched.xml","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7917971/v1/19a4c65a6797938a01c334b4.xml"},{"id":96241172,"identity":"7182abc3-8db9-4788-8dc0-a7091b06316f","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-11-19 07:10:21","extension":"jpeg","order_by":8,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":165382,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"floatimage1.jpeg","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7917971/v1/167b3239b429a35a608f410b.jpeg"},{"id":96241316,"identity":"884e26a7-84b3-461a-a6f2-9b9afd281762","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-11-19 07:10:34","extension":"jpeg","order_by":9,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":372919,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"floatimage10.jpeg","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7917971/v1/a00c17c6d9ecd6ff575c949b.jpeg"},{"id":95861532,"identity":"e55f318e-dffc-41a1-8101-a43a50512c9a","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-11-13 17:57:51","extension":"jpeg","order_by":10,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":354274,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"floatimage11.jpeg","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7917971/v1/af535fecd3d340c232bb4db6.jpeg"},{"id":96240475,"identity":"8ea613e0-0d43-446e-8bfc-95c234891b4d","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-11-19 07:08:56","extension":"jpeg","order_by":11,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":464861,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"floatimage12.jpeg","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7917971/v1/5263983f4a54f93e8d576caf.jpeg"},{"id":96240833,"identity":"f6d4cbed-f349-4987-b3a2-616ff0d8a336","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-11-19 07:09:37","extension":"jpeg","order_by":12,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":172578,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"floatimage13.jpeg","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7917971/v1/794b659d3cf7d6a9f3cf9ec8.jpeg"},{"id":96241257,"identity":"4a4e3afc-d828-4b4e-b885-2a98ac281abc","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-11-19 07:10:27","extension":"jpeg","order_by":13,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":447886,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"floatimage14.jpeg","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7917971/v1/5e0be27e83d41e14896dd359.jpeg"},{"id":95861538,"identity":"959badf7-c4bd-4793-9b42-c7927f3ea1f6","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-11-13 17:57:51","extension":"jpeg","order_by":14,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":628784,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"floatimage15.jpeg","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7917971/v1/01808f26034b1ea784047f84.jpeg"},{"id":95861541,"identity":"ae70f97c-87df-40bf-be1a-837832457279","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-11-13 17:57:51","extension":"jpeg","order_by":15,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":960177,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"floatimage16.jpeg","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7917971/v1/992654cc810fd9690059ebe4.jpeg"},{"id":95861539,"identity":"f6830043-22c9-4926-bd86-9de43b8310fe","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-11-13 17:57:51","extension":"jpeg","order_by":16,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":971950,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"floatimage17.jpeg","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7917971/v1/540b976291caa9eecbc66ea9.jpeg"},{"id":96241190,"identity":"2ce1c04f-a28a-4771-bbb1-0b39d61bc056","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-11-19 07:10:21","extension":"png","order_by":17,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":589149,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"floatimage18.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7917971/v1/ea5ddd0757f96fd0cae9abf2.png"},{"id":95861535,"identity":"923056ab-0d25-4292-878f-4afcb9f829e4","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-11-13 17:57:51","extension":"jpeg","order_by":18,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":9799,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"floatimage19.jpeg","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7917971/v1/75ac1765fa232d45befb9f92.jpeg"},{"id":95861546,"identity":"cc4d267f-65a3-4158-9195-adcab8dddb40","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-11-13 17:57:51","extension":"jpeg","order_by":19,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":313816,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"floatimage2.jpeg","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7917971/v1/7ce3d91c38eff3320e277408.jpeg"},{"id":96241321,"identity":"87d5fb8e-a624-4fdf-b2a0-e5f189f0f27f","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-11-19 07:10:35","extension":"jpeg","order_by":20,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":596441,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"floatimage20.jpeg","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7917971/v1/240c2630da0fb9ab483612c8.jpeg"},{"id":95861550,"identity":"0af46fd6-9c0f-46f4-8592-5e9f295d637c","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-11-13 17:57:51","extension":"jpeg","order_by":21,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":475070,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"floatimage21.jpeg","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7917971/v1/6f1aa1c045efcd4f9d19c67a.jpeg"},{"id":96240695,"identity":"44810973-5dde-41e9-a693-e08fcb59628e","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-11-19 07:09:22","extension":"jpeg","order_by":22,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":424091,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"floatimage22.jpeg","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7917971/v1/1afc252ad453aa949f952a9f.jpeg"},{"id":95861554,"identity":"f7fe6bf5-6b8a-4553-91f7-10ecedf79733","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-11-13 17:57:51","extension":"jpeg","order_by":23,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":548800,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"floatimage23.jpeg","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7917971/v1/c581c340695eff9b12e4146a.jpeg"},{"id":96241233,"identity":"c4926f75-bc1d-4990-8a78-0cae30de33de","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-11-19 07:10:25","extension":"jpeg","order_by":24,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":592155,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"floatimage24.jpeg","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7917971/v1/d7b2cb8403ff4be956e3b299.jpeg"},{"id":95861545,"identity":"b5a0461f-f5b6-4904-aa95-15a0d296a9b2","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-11-13 17:57:51","extension":"png","order_by":25,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":294207,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"floatimage25.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7917971/v1/3e48a6675f3ea8fd4bae32b0.png"},{"id":96241335,"identity":"47fe53eb-6928-4591-b0c2-295f0388930c","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-11-19 07:10:36","extension":"jpeg","order_by":26,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":54755,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"floatimage26.jpeg","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7917971/v1/9e5b45c819772f6b8363971b.jpeg"},{"id":96242108,"identity":"d750f22b-0ca5-4908-add3-6d216da41949","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-11-19 07:12:03","extension":"png","order_by":27,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":50083,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"floatimage27.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7917971/v1/b17896c7488a6b4d3f42ca70.png"},{"id":96241099,"identity":"f44bf6f9-4261-4e92-ad4a-c1072d6f4348","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-11-19 07:10:10","extension":"jpeg","order_by":28,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":9238,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"floatimage28.jpeg","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7917971/v1/ce430f3b76a34d602fc26b92.jpeg"},{"id":96241133,"identity":"d0b6772e-cdd3-4651-85d0-9c3b4175d39a","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-11-19 07:10:16","extension":"jpeg","order_by":29,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":9908,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"floatimage29.jpeg","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7917971/v1/54417f1730bf627a39e3ac8f.jpeg"},{"id":96241106,"identity":"e764869f-285a-4484-8088-9b7e9e901653","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-11-19 07:10:11","extension":"jpeg","order_by":30,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":364640,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"floatimage3.jpeg","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7917971/v1/3cce926a4ccfef47b7aa5982.jpeg"},{"id":96242484,"identity":"1e82a2a0-282c-424b-bdf3-6d57ad79b80e","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-11-19 07:13:14","extension":"jpeg","order_by":31,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":13766,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"floatimage30.jpeg","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7917971/v1/a1a85513582059980d3c706a.jpeg"},{"id":96241161,"identity":"3e2d762d-2fb0-468e-b053-fd2f053e1953","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-11-19 07:10:20","extension":"jpeg","order_by":32,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":7573,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"floatimage31.jpeg","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7917971/v1/3a9fe3431a1cf49e78682ee5.jpeg"},{"id":96241637,"identity":"02cfa2e1-bd18-45a7-9139-11472e2af3b8","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-11-19 07:11:10","extension":"jpeg","order_by":33,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":13010,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"floatimage32.jpeg","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7917971/v1/782f2687b4a122ffd4471f40.jpeg"},{"id":95861568,"identity":"579044ff-b0bc-4b42-aca0-843eefb51365","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-11-13 17:57:52","extension":"jpeg","order_by":34,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":5279,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"floatimage33.jpeg","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7917971/v1/54b68b35fb16e71141e7cf80.jpeg"},{"id":95861556,"identity":"df69f446-21d4-4aa9-91f3-34238b2a43aa","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-11-13 17:57:51","extension":"jpeg","order_by":35,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":8625,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"floatimage34.jpeg","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7917971/v1/5228152ece932188b761c070.jpeg"},{"id":96241695,"identity":"fead8173-6494-4aab-bc36-93617c6b908b","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-11-19 07:11:17","extension":"jpeg","order_by":36,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":573002,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"floatimage35.jpeg","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7917971/v1/3a1de64c4fc9f2397941e598.jpeg"},{"id":96242072,"identity":"bea1e5fa-467e-4e37-ae69-70f4abc59d54","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-11-19 07:11:54","extension":"png","order_by":37,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":596049,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"floatimage36.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7917971/v1/386c7765e8b29cc8928c1b7f.png"},{"id":96241181,"identity":"c173036e-ab5d-488b-8b20-dbcd5d8f49d1","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-11-19 07:10:21","extension":"jpeg","order_by":38,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":63355,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"floatimage37.jpeg","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7917971/v1/ecd4952a1359747f7fb3b04e.jpeg"},{"id":95861570,"identity":"e22b2a65-3d04-458e-b298-509c5706d9e8","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-11-13 17:57:52","extension":"png","order_by":39,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":189801,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"floatimage38.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7917971/v1/c7c980683a5fba8c675ddc09.png"},{"id":95861559,"identity":"aeb22b39-8bd3-4e92-b06c-c60a22eded88","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-11-13 17:57:51","extension":"jpeg","order_by":40,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":50780,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"floatimage39.jpeg","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7917971/v1/a2ba3426732145fb7403c705.jpeg"},{"id":96241186,"identity":"dc1b781e-639c-4901-9dde-065c81f8bb31","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-11-19 07:10:21","extension":"jpeg","order_by":41,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":883543,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"floatimage4.jpeg","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7917971/v1/aae1a8f611f22078c2af5351.jpeg"},{"id":95861565,"identity":"2d8c9935-2b84-474b-83f4-7d17725737ad","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-11-13 17:57:52","extension":"jpeg","order_by":42,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":501586,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"floatimage40.jpeg","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7917971/v1/5982f3fd4facdd5dfa089016.jpeg"},{"id":96241273,"identity":"6ae83352-213d-4c9d-8b32-f55dcbbd5859","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-11-19 07:10:29","extension":"jpeg","order_by":43,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":537601,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"floatimage41.jpeg","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7917971/v1/dae0980d70598e5f1745f556.jpeg"},{"id":96241037,"identity":"43ead20d-2346-4a5a-9bdd-cefcda3a87c1","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-11-19 07:09:54","extension":"jpeg","order_by":44,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":517837,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"floatimage42.jpeg","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7917971/v1/7821a24ce74170e88649c468.jpeg"},{"id":95861563,"identity":"f3929dcb-75dd-44d7-bec3-827be9a2a12d","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-11-13 17:57:52","extension":"jpeg","order_by":45,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":243186,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"floatimage43.jpeg","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7917971/v1/a0021046788cf59cfcb3363b.jpeg"},{"id":95861566,"identity":"e6785acf-8471-4729-bbbe-40c3907b7d00","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-11-13 17:57:52","extension":"png","order_by":46,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":624944,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"floatimage44.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7917971/v1/31774be063cba7feb8d755af.png"},{"id":95861567,"identity":"2dbc7127-6cb4-4387-a005-ede1455bc588","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-11-13 17:57:52","extension":"jpeg","order_by":47,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":9799,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"floatimage19.jpeg","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7917971/v1/1a12f8d8d005fb14662916a3.jpeg"},{"id":95861562,"identity":"237759b5-16a1-45c9-be92-7ad0a5d0f64b","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-11-13 17:57:52","extension":"jpeg","order_by":48,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":342818,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"floatimage46.jpeg","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7917971/v1/b67de7bae390737a891206b1.jpeg"},{"id":96240804,"identity":"f7bb74a6-0db9-49bc-8b5c-5286b256ed5e","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-11-19 07:09:36","extension":"jpeg","order_by":49,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":557510,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"floatimage5.jpeg","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7917971/v1/599e48526d1304b5c9befb95.jpeg"},{"id":96241581,"identity":"950b7f54-9d43-48c1-856d-e239943994de","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-11-19 07:11:02","extension":"jpeg","order_by":50,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":913313,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"floatimage6.jpeg","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7917971/v1/1b10cadf8e8af443aa391452.jpeg"},{"id":95861581,"identity":"90c6b38c-c571-427f-976c-710df64c36cb","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-11-13 17:57:52","extension":"jpeg","order_by":51,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":823767,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"floatimage7.jpeg","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7917971/v1/e203d98def512f17fb2ddadc.jpeg"},{"id":95861590,"identity":"d2c4f9ca-5a52-425e-99ed-df7b7a89a0fb","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-11-13 17:57:52","extension":"jpeg","order_by":52,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":644631,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"floatimage8.jpeg","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7917971/v1/f3246951b3bf7c405182b18c.jpeg"},{"id":95861572,"identity":"c6e704a8-6cb1-4c15-8133-2d1ea70c3ab1","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-11-13 17:57:52","extension":"jpeg","order_by":53,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":626530,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"floatimage9.jpeg","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7917971/v1/8cbb6977a042c2d48a111602.jpeg"},{"id":95861587,"identity":"de0ce2be-f9a2-400f-aa26-19bf78d670f8","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-11-13 17:57:52","extension":"png","order_by":54,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":56343,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Onlinefloatimage1.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7917971/v1/553790d82220c959a5c9767b.png"},{"id":96241673,"identity":"69ea8ea5-2a81-4dcb-ad53-b7489e441222","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-11-19 07:11:15","extension":"png","order_by":55,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":160481,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Onlinefloatimage10.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7917971/v1/1f581309ec317b2c2e1bd66b.png"},{"id":96241374,"identity":"134aa098-4ba2-46c9-bc81-64c3bdcc595a","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-11-19 07:10:39","extension":"png","order_by":56,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":140379,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Onlinefloatimage11.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7917971/v1/a26bd056016693e66265d587.png"},{"id":96241329,"identity":"6df6dbab-059d-4a5f-802f-ae9a2cc26f1b","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-11-19 07:10:35","extension":"png","order_by":57,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":157644,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Onlinefloatimage12.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7917971/v1/d70cc204574589747ca8f933.png"},{"id":95861574,"identity":"274b53f0-a0b6-4160-8a37-6dd6c87c55dc","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-11-13 17:57:52","extension":"png","order_by":58,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":38120,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Onlinefloatimage13.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7917971/v1/fb22231902447657370c91ea.png"},{"id":96242093,"identity":"9e7749d5-d421-49ec-a146-2ba90b8937ff","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-11-19 07:11:59","extension":"png","order_by":59,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":143846,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Onlinefloatimage14.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7917971/v1/b2bd0e5eb220f1b67aa52828.png"},{"id":96241638,"identity":"e25f4880-5895-46d2-8f46-69d2965c0544","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-11-19 07:11:10","extension":"png","order_by":60,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":201626,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Onlinefloatimage15.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7917971/v1/385235eab7f4f983d3d4d338.png"},{"id":96240891,"identity":"9f02df6f-8fa5-4643-a408-fdc4fee5d5b7","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-11-19 07:09:39","extension":"png","order_by":61,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":334548,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Onlinefloatimage16.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7917971/v1/8783b898d694fc2824757ac9.png"},{"id":96240759,"identity":"dee0b6b1-4f93-451a-a4c2-c2492d0e0d5b","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-11-19 07:09:30","extension":"png","order_by":62,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":366021,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Onlinefloatimage17.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7917971/v1/6118e4d12cc0de2fdb23360e.png"},{"id":95861593,"identity":"1ae21c6d-cdaa-47c3-842e-6ddfef8b6a02","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-11-13 17:57:52","extension":"png","order_by":63,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":98427,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Onlinefloatimage18.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7917971/v1/0ab51ff8d7beb91f479d7db1.png"},{"id":96240957,"identity":"223f3022-6a74-49fb-b441-053a7ebec3df","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-11-19 07:09:46","extension":"png","order_by":64,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":2785,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Onlinefloatimage19.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7917971/v1/0cd9ea83c55b5587d1fa255a.png"},{"id":96241436,"identity":"468974fd-2fcd-4927-8c31-ca7a3f983f86","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-11-19 07:10:43","extension":"png","order_by":65,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":88694,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Onlinefloatimage2.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7917971/v1/533d4a46f52d6d2888562234.png"},{"id":95861609,"identity":"986bcf22-a694-41ea-956b-ca333678e2c6","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-11-13 17:57:53","extension":"png","order_by":66,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":258734,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Onlinefloatimage20.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7917971/v1/8b775d2088e5fd917e31579a.png"},{"id":96240512,"identity":"27c8fa0b-b575-42d4-bad7-8464e7eb5d37","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-11-19 07:09:01","extension":"png","order_by":67,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":242867,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Onlinefloatimage21.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7917971/v1/10f52b8147dd46c69452c6cd.png"},{"id":96241821,"identity":"383ba930-7da0-40b1-9bac-3d3d13aeee5b","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-11-19 07:11:25","extension":"png","order_by":68,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":169177,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Onlinefloatimage22.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7917971/v1/88c56402a7e1d1e555116677.png"},{"id":95861607,"identity":"03dd4c26-7ec7-4f5a-a609-e834e76ba9c1","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-11-13 17:57:53","extension":"png","order_by":69,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":222385,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Onlinefloatimage23.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7917971/v1/a6a87101d139874537b4d154.png"},{"id":96241164,"identity":"434e85a3-8169-4291-bebe-4cfb2c17fc28","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-11-19 07:10:20","extension":"png","order_by":70,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":242379,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Onlinefloatimage24.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7917971/v1/f0e1283f3aeb632cbcca7e2e.png"},{"id":96241488,"identity":"7b8d6ea7-937e-4ea4-8e53-dd0737fb712f","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-11-19 07:10:48","extension":"png","order_by":71,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":12434,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Onlinefloatimage25.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7917971/v1/53bbffd84d80a79650b019fe.png"},{"id":95861592,"identity":"24efd3ab-825e-4f4e-bf39-548f2ac117bb","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-11-13 17:57:52","extension":"png","order_by":72,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":11254,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Onlinefloatimage26.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7917971/v1/a8b3c1a209fbe99c689f8f39.png"},{"id":96241200,"identity":"98591fd2-01c0-499a-937a-5962e4e93bab","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-11-19 07:10:21","extension":"png","order_by":73,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":8046,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Onlinefloatimage27.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7917971/v1/17d0ba57321756c3d8a085a2.png"},{"id":95861596,"identity":"f3ebaf9d-10cc-49b8-8fad-804f46d42b2b","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-11-13 17:57:52","extension":"png","order_by":74,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":5436,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Onlinefloatimage28.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7917971/v1/72a10f3686b8659ea5959c7a.png"},{"id":95861580,"identity":"099b7019-a776-4f8a-a60b-35fa86a701d0","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-11-13 17:57:52","extension":"png","order_by":75,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":11480,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Onlinefloatimage29.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7917971/v1/591a5bc13901e3845eb320ee.png"},{"id":95861628,"identity":"ae810c02-18eb-4171-8199-5fada5da3287","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-11-13 17:57:53","extension":"png","order_by":76,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":110139,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Onlinefloatimage3.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7917971/v1/3f2126f00cd166d2264f5e4b.png"},{"id":95861601,"identity":"8ee333ba-10cd-480a-b034-4cae2638367b","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-11-13 17:57:52","extension":"png","order_by":77,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":9885,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Onlinefloatimage30.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7917971/v1/3e15c6ec972e38a86e546abd.png"},{"id":96241566,"identity":"b17c12ff-9076-4880-b4b4-a944d544f305","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-11-19 07:10:57","extension":"png","order_by":78,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":22110,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Onlinefloatimage31.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7917971/v1/9e8c37f765a78a295c0331ab.png"},{"id":95861603,"identity":"b2b31f04-4232-4115-942d-34f9c073c4b5","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-11-13 17:57:53","extension":"png","order_by":79,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":9066,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Onlinefloatimage32.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7917971/v1/a909a12725f3ac4565089a52.png"},{"id":95861594,"identity":"6f2894a7-02fb-42d2-9ef6-ed3c52fe37e2","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-11-13 17:57:52","extension":"png","order_by":80,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":10198,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Onlinefloatimage33.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7917971/v1/5a761ffb7997ea0efb5e5ae6.png"},{"id":96240942,"identity":"14c16daa-51ec-48c5-ad69-f8ae6f8afc94","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-11-19 07:09:44","extension":"png","order_by":81,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":5623,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Onlinefloatimage34.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7917971/v1/576bb5918b2a407fb268b6a1.png"},{"id":96241134,"identity":"cc44630d-11bd-4be3-a35f-d01d2e96c481","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-11-19 07:10:16","extension":"png","order_by":82,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":236277,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Onlinefloatimage35.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7917971/v1/ac3bad42379e50b984c45ea7.png"},{"id":95861605,"identity":"661f36b9-1a9d-41d0-91e7-b7137e53aed8","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-11-13 17:57:53","extension":"png","order_by":83,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":71973,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Onlinefloatimage36.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7917971/v1/31cc532f1164dcb7241ab6f1.png"},{"id":96241528,"identity":"306d65e4-053a-495d-8f78-9c5711cbb36f","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-11-19 07:10:54","extension":"png","order_by":84,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":12855,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Onlinefloatimage37.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7917971/v1/2aeb7512de0eb878727231d3.png"},{"id":96241343,"identity":"195f3187-e416-4537-965a-d63755824239","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-11-19 07:10:36","extension":"png","order_by":85,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":12270,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Onlinefloatimage38.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7917971/v1/56d6a016e530f4519ac8c379.png"},{"id":95861611,"identity":"4ccf69ee-389d-413d-b07f-9ec87c8380ea","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-11-13 17:57:53","extension":"png","order_by":86,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":10546,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Onlinefloatimage39.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7917971/v1/54e86e3485137d73f12fbaa3.png"},{"id":95861614,"identity":"10e1fde8-96ab-474d-b950-25e0297876be","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-11-13 17:57:53","extension":"png","order_by":87,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":324746,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Onlinefloatimage4.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7917971/v1/a1282d38df34aea9d4078ffc.png"},{"id":96240865,"identity":"9a76aba7-bccc-40b3-9180-e9728c505d1f","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-11-19 07:09:38","extension":"png","order_by":88,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":200201,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Onlinefloatimage40.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7917971/v1/338dc6ed69915c5a91422455.png"},{"id":95861602,"identity":"d7e178e8-ae70-47e1-a619-14c6f5214849","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-11-13 17:57:53","extension":"png","order_by":89,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":181254,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Onlinefloatimage41.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7917971/v1/c96c76e1fae68d185ff5bf8d.png"},{"id":95861626,"identity":"ce6aad74-74cc-4198-bb66-389143eb3320","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-11-13 17:57:53","extension":"png","order_by":90,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":213490,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Onlinefloatimage42.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7917971/v1/e7daed53d5eea40385b3def5.png"},{"id":96241293,"identity":"aa2856d6-7381-44a9-a69e-4e063731f149","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-11-19 07:10:33","extension":"png","order_by":91,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":49124,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Onlinefloatimage43.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7917971/v1/e8cfb06a415ae5acee63f802.png"},{"id":95861627,"identity":"c1cc282b-7be3-4d68-8252-bc3ae378ba6a","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-11-13 17:57:53","extension":"png","order_by":92,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":55576,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Onlinefloatimage44.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7917971/v1/aaec22f10a29bc9f3cd72cea.png"},{"id":96240764,"identity":"d33978f9-afec-4beb-a96a-3f93731ab5b4","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-11-19 07:09:30","extension":"png","order_by":93,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":2785,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Onlinefloatimage45.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7917971/v1/1ef1ad91f5c9bd7e44d7ccb1.png"},{"id":96241314,"identity":"f7c33c14-6820-47f2-ab63-6f916e21a8d1","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-11-19 07:10:34","extension":"png","order_by":94,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":80418,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Onlinefloatimage46.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7917971/v1/d6a12e26ac4572dd5b213a5a.png"},{"id":95861599,"identity":"18ce2ab5-6d1c-44cd-8527-b1f14a6958a3","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-11-13 17:57:52","extension":"png","order_by":95,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":241356,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Onlinefloatimage5.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7917971/v1/e14c15250fa63185c2071ada.png"},{"id":96241845,"identity":"d61c8cf5-011c-4037-ae3a-cf7f567c4fa0","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-11-19 07:11:29","extension":"png","order_by":96,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":361787,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Onlinefloatimage6.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7917971/v1/d01b6e498c0d6162570b0340.png"},{"id":96240859,"identity":"1ee7e9aa-9aee-487c-af97-6e334315e1fd","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-11-19 07:09:38","extension":"png","order_by":97,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":303151,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Onlinefloatimage7.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7917971/v1/2a92e698c30db57c9d12181e.png"},{"id":95861621,"identity":"43074fd5-b2f6-441c-88cd-c0ba1fb8dd80","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-11-13 17:57:53","extension":"png","order_by":98,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":254713,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Onlinefloatimage8.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7917971/v1/98c51b7738f2ba8ffd7a5d10.png"},{"id":96241433,"identity":"17bd3dc8-cedb-4516-a228-02af8708b7bb","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-11-19 07:10:43","extension":"png","order_by":99,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":244790,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Onlinefloatimage9.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7917971/v1/1ac30dedc750d3cca4544bf5.png"},{"id":96241864,"identity":"0691b4a9-6129-48bb-8223-15628a589415","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-11-19 07:11:32","extension":"xml","order_by":100,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":130674,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"bf1914f513af46cf9ae71377522511851structuring.xml","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7917971/v1/08674cc36f216848578fffea.xml"},{"id":95861617,"identity":"25acba49-69b3-4cd5-8733-e6d1e2683a0b","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-11-13 17:57:53","extension":"html","order_by":101,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":152842,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"earlyproof.html","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7917971/v1/1082015725404359d264e98b.html"},{"id":96362718,"identity":"bd2d60c7-3ebc-47bc-8dfc-048f03613165","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-11-20 09:46:20","extension":"pdf","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":2617651,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Due8888888888888withfundingdeclaration.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7917971/v1_covered_cca21eff-edb5-4285-a357-b04fdd544092.pdf"}],"financialInterests":"No competing interests reported.","formattedTitle":"\u003cp\u003eToward a Sensitive Sustainability Framework for Mountainous Parks Under Saudi Vision 2030:the Case of Raghadan Forest Park\u003c/p\u003e","fulltext":[],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":false,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":false,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":true,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":true,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":true,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"journal-of-umm-alqura-university-for-engineering-and-architecture","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"Learn more about [Journal of Umm Al-Qura University for Engineering and Architecture](https://link.springer.com/journal/43995)","snPcode":"43995","submissionUrl":"https://submission.springernature.com/new-submission/43995/3","title":"Journal of Umm Al-Qura University for Engineering and Architecture","twitterHandle":"","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":true,"editorialSystem":"stoa","reportingPortfolio":"Springer Open","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"sensitive sustainability, environmental, socio-cultural, mountainous parks, biodiversity conservation, economic diversification","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-7917971/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-7917971/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003eIn alignment with Saudi Arabia\u0026rsquo;s Vision 2030, this study develops a context-sensitive sustainability framework tailored to the unique environmental and cultural characteristics of mountainous parks.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eRaghadan Forest Park in the Al-Baha region serves as a representative case for examining the practical implementation of sustainability-oriented policies within a sensitive ecological and socio-cultural context.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe research critically evaluates the environmental, socio-cultural, and economic strategies applied in the park, identifying their effectiveness in addressing key challenges such as resource scarcity, biodiversity conservation, and growing recreational demands.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThrough comparative benchmarking with international parks, the study highlights both strengths\u0026mdash;such as native vegetation use, terraced landscape management, and community-oriented initiatives\u0026mdash;and persistent gaps in renewable energy integration, waste management, and visitor impact control.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe findings emphasize the necessity of adopting holistic, evidence-based approaches that integrate ecological resilience, cultural heritage preservation, and economic diversification.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eUltimately, the study proposes a comprehensive framework that positions Raghadan Forest Park as a pioneering model for sustainable landscape development in Saudi Arabia\u0026rsquo;s mountainous regions\u0026mdash;balancing environmental integrity, social inclusivity, and long-term economic viability under the national sustainability vision.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"Toward a Sensitive Sustainability Framework for Mountainous Parks Under Saudi Vision 2030:the Case of Raghadan Forest Park","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2025-11-13 17:57:46","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-7917971/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0},{"type":"decision","content":"Revision requested","date":"2025-11-30T17:21:49+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvitedReview","content":"","date":"2025-11-27T17:20:19+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvitedReview","content":"","date":"2025-11-18T21:47:37+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvitedReview","content":"","date":"2025-11-15T22:30:52+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"291980538619659927179971011134067331924","date":"2025-11-07T03:15:33+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"126762908624580800671459066308764906307","date":"2025-11-06T17:26:45+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"291011217913185181884929785298543718569","date":"2025-11-05T09:50:26+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewersInvited","content":"","date":"2025-11-03T08:25:48+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorAssigned","content":"","date":"2025-11-03T08:11:04+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"checksComplete","content":"","date":"2025-10-31T00:20:01+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"submitted","content":"Journal of Umm Al-Qura University for Engineering and Architecture","date":"2025-10-21T16:35:32+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"journal-of-umm-alqura-university-for-engineering-and-architecture","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"Learn more about [Journal of Umm Al-Qura University for Engineering and Architecture](https://link.springer.com/journal/43995)","snPcode":"43995","submissionUrl":"https://submission.springernature.com/new-submission/43995/3","title":"Journal of Umm Al-Qura University for Engineering and Architecture","twitterHandle":"","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":true,"editorialSystem":"stoa","reportingPortfolio":"Springer Open","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"897abf99-5392-4ea2-bc97-3241eaea0cb7","owner":[],"postedDate":"November 13th, 2025","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"under-review","subjectAreas":[],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2026-01-29T04:54:25+00:00","versionOfRecord":[],"versionCreatedAt":"2025-11-13 17:57:46","video":"","vorDoi":"","vorDoiUrl":"","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-7917971","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-7917971","identity":"rs-7917971","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"8U1c8b4HqxoKbykW_rLl7","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}