Dental Caries and Actual Utilization of Dental Services Among Primary School Children in Egypt: A Cross-Sectional study

Dental Caries and Actual Utilization of Dental Services Among Primary School Children in Egypt: A Cross-Sectional study | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article Dental Caries and Actual Utilization of Dental Services Among Primary School Children in Egypt: A Cross-Sectional study Mariam Osman Mohamed, Basma Elsayed Hamza, Rabaa Mahmoud Aboubakr, and 1 more This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-6194077/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Published Journal Publication published 15 Jul, 2025 Read the published version in BMC Oral Health → Version 1 posted 12 You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract Background Understanding factors influencing dental service utilization and dental caries assists dental professionals in addressing challenges within their field. Objectives Assess the prevelance of dental caries, the actual pattern of dental service utilization and factors affect them such as ( parent’ dental fear, demographic and socio demographic variables) among primary school children. Methods This cross-sectional study was carried out in two stages; first a well-structured questionnaire was used to collect data on socio-demographic variables and parental fear. Second, a clinical examination was performed to record dental caries prevalence (by DMFT and deft indices) according to WHO diagnostic criteria and the utilized dental services. A multi-stage cluster random sampling technique was used to withdraw the study sample. Data was analyzed statistically using regression analysis, Chi-square, and Fisher’s exact tests. Results The prevalence of dental caries was higher in primary teeth than in permanent teeth (59.3% vs. 35.8%). Likewise, a higher percentage of children had fillings in their primary dentition (14.1%) than in their permanent dentition (5.1%). The child's age: of 6–8 years significantly impacted dental caries prevalence and service utilization. Being in private schools significantly reduced dental caries in both types of dentitions (DMFT: B=-0.160, P = 0.032), (deft: B=-0.459, P = 0.007). Children whose father's had a higher educational level demonstrated lower dental caries scores in both dentitions (DMFT: B=-0.300, P = 0,023), (deft: B= -0.429, P = 0.035). A higher utilization rate of dental services was noted among children from families with higher incomes (OR = 2.607, P = 0.006). Parental fear was significantly correlated to an increased dental caries prevalence and reduced preventive services (P ≤ 0.05). Conclusion Despite the relatively high prevalence of dental caries among study participants, the utilization of dental services was low. Age, number of children, and parental-related factors were predictors of caries prevalence and dental service utilization. This underscores the importance of implementing nationwide educational initiatives aimed at schoolchildren's parents to improve their understanding of accessible dental care options. Children Dental Caries Dental Services Parental Fear Utilization Figures Figure 1 Figure 2 Figure 3 Introduction Dental treatment for young children is usually provided only with parental consent. Parents are the main decision-makers on matters affecting child health. Parents' cultural beliefs, awareness about preventive dental visits, the care of primary teeth, and concern for oral health affect children's oral health habits. ( 1 , 2 ) The use of health services reflects how well the healthcare system works, and this should encourage equitable access to healthcare regardless of a population's socioeconomic or social background or health in general. There are still disparities in the use of dental services in many nations. ( 3 ) Dental appointments are crucial to the use of healthcare services. Positive dental experiences allow kids and their caregivers or parents excellent opportunities to apply preventive measures and receive information about oral hygiene. ( 4 ) Different familial factors affect the utilization of dental services, such as parents’ educational level, socioeconomic status, beliefs, and perceptions about their children's dental health conditions. Age, gender, dental insurance, an d dental fear affected oral health service utilization. ( 5 , 6 ) Few studies reported the utilization rate of different restorations and preventive regimens among schoolchildren. A study in Saudi Arabia (2021) showed a 26.1% utilization rate of pit and fissure sealants versus 22.8% stainless steel crowns. ( 7 ) Another study in Brasilia (2022) showed that most of the participating parents with low educational levels preferred nonconservative dental treatments for their children, while parents with a higher educational level preferred conservative intervention. ( 8 ) The literature does not include substantial evidence regarding the impact of parental determinants such as socio-economic factors and fear on the utilization of dental services. ( 7 , 9 ) Many researchers focused on children's fear and its influence on pediatric procedures ( 10 , 11 ) so this study was conducted to Assess the prevalence and the factors affecting caries Assess the actual pattern of dental service utilization and the factors influencing this utilization. Investigate the association between parents’ dental fear, dental caries, and dental service utilization. Subjects and Methods 2.1. Study design, location, and population This cross-sectional study was carried out at primary schools in Mansoura City. The study included boys and girls aged 6 to 12, who were not undergoing orthodontic treatment and had no disabilities. 2.2. Ethical consideration The study proposal was submitted to the Ethics Committee at the Faculty of Dentistry at Mansoura University (# 0203023). The children's parents or legal guardians were informed about the aim and specific objectives of the study and the value of their participation to obtain the informed consent before the study. 2.3. Sample size Calculation: Sample size was calculated using the online program Open Epi, an open-source epidemiologic statistics for public health, ( http://openepi.com/SampleSize/SSPropor.htm ). For dental service utilization, the sample size was calculated to be 738 based on the total population number (57814), Care index: of 37.4%, Confidence level of 99%, Precision level of 5%, and Design effect of 1.2. ( 12 ) . 1500 questionnaires were distributed to compensate for non-response. 2.4. Sample selection : Sample selection 57,814 students enrolled in 19 private and 50 public schools in the 2022–2023, Mansoura. These educational institutions were distributed between the East and West districts, with 28,154 and 29,660 students respectively. A multi-stage cluster sampling method was used to select participants. Initially, 15 schools were randomly selected using a number generator: 10 from the public sector and 5 from the private sector of both districts. Then, a sample of classes was selected randomly from chosen schools to represent all primary grades; from first to sixth. Finally, a simple random sampling method was used to select 1500 children from the selected classes. 2.5. Data collection: The survey items were extracted from a published study after obtaining the permission. ( 12 ) The questionnaire language was Portuguese, the questionnaire was translated into Arabic and subsequently validated for content validity and reliability. The item validity index (I-CVI) of this questionnaire was from good to excellent and ranged from 0.80 to 1. The scale validity index. (S-CVI) was assessed to be 1.0 for parents’ dental fear scale. Overall Cronbach's alpha score was 0.8. The questionnaire comprised two sections. Section 1 :the demographic and socio-demographic characteristics of the family, including the child's age, school type, medical history, and number of siblings, as well as parental factors such as age, occupation, education, and household income. Section 2 assessed parents’ dental fear through four questions; 1) How would you feel about tomorrow’s dental appointment? 2) What are your emotions while waiting in the dentist's reception area? 3) How do you feel while sitting in the dental chair as the dentist prepares the instruments? 4) What do you feel when the dentist works near your gums? The questionnaires were distributed to the parents through school personnel. Study participants assessed their dental fear using a three-point scale (1 = relaxed, 2 = somewhat fearful, and 3 = fear). Intra-examiner consistency was examined before the study, 25 children were examined and diagnosed according to World Health Organization (WHO) criteria twice within a week interval. The results of the two examinations were compared and the Kappa agreement value was 90%. The DMFT and deft indices were used to measure dental caries in permanent and primary teeth respectively according to WHO diagnostic criteria. ( 13 ) The care index was determined using the equation ( \(\:\frac{f}{d+m+f}\) ) x100), while the restorative index was computed as ( \(\:\frac{f}{d+f}\) ) x100. The unmet treatment need index was calculated using the formula ( \(\:\frac{d}{d+f}\) ) x100. Children were screened to record the actual utilization of dental services including preventive dental services (including pit and fissure sealant, topical fluoride application, and dental scaling), restorative dental services like (composite, glass-ionomers, amalgam), pulp therapy, and stainless-steel crowns. Extractions, space maintainers, dental radiographs, and experienced general anesthesia (GA) for dental treatments were registered. Parents were asked about some dental services, such as fluoride applications, scaling, pulp therapy, dental radiographs, and general anesthesia in the questionnaire. 3.6 Statistical analysis IBM SPSS Statistics version 26 was employed to organize, tabulate, and analyze the gathered data. The demographic and socioeconomic profiles of the participants were summarized using descriptive statistics. Chi-square and Fisher's exact tests were conducted to determine the association between different dental services and parents' dental fear. Statistical significance was established at a p-value ≤ 0.05. The associations between demographic & socio-demographic and dependent variables (caries prevalence and service utilization) were examined by using univariate (unadjusted analysis) and multivariate (adjusted analysis) linear regression and binary logistic regression tests respectively. Covariates were selected based on a p-value ≤ 0.05 in the model. Results A. Participants' demographic and sociodemographic characters The study included 1,075 children with an equal split between boys (538) and girls (537). The mean age of children was 9.904 ± 1.205 years. Questionnaires were completed by 795 mothers (74%) and 280 fathers (26%). Regarding educational institutions, 336 children (31.4%) were enrolled in private schools, while the remaining 739 (68.7%) attended government schools. Family size varied from one to seven children with 40% of families having three children and a mere 1.2% having six children. An examination of birth order showed that 44.8% of children were eldest siblings, 29.2% were second in line, and a mere 0.1% were the youngest in their families. According to health, 4.9% of children had ongoing medical conditions, while 95.1% were free from illness. Maternal education levels varied with 95 (8.8%) having limited schooling, 283 (26.3%) completing high school, and 697 (64.8%) holding college degrees. Regarding maternal employment, 68.1% were stay-at-home mothers, while 31.7% worked outside the home. As for fathers, 133 (12.4%) did not progress beyond primary education, and 677 (63%) were college-educated. Employment revealed that 951 fathers (88.5%) held professional positions, while only 8 (0.7%) were unemployed. Concerning household finances, 733 (68.2%) families reported their income and their expenditures, whereas 132 (12.3%) families borrowed to meet their needs. A mere 210 (19.5%) families managed to set aside money for savings. B. Dental Caries Prevalence and The Actual Utilization of Dental Services Figure (2) shows that 54.2% of children had dental caries in their primary teeth compared to 34% in their permanent teeth. Similarly, 14.1% of children had fillings in their primary teeth, while only 5.1% had fillings in their permanent teeth. Overall, dental caries prevalence was higher in primary teeth (59.3%) than in permanent teeth (35.8%). Regarding dental services, fluoride application was the most used service (45.8%), followed by dental scaling (38.5%). Stainless steel crowns were observed in only 3% of the children, while pit and fissure sealants were the least utilized, at just 0.5%. For other dental services, extractions were the most frequently performed procedure (20%), followed by root canal treatment (2.4%) and space maintainers (0.8%). Additionally, children who performed dental X-rays or underwent general anesthesia for dental work were screened, and the results revealed that 2.7% experienced general anesthesia and 48.4% performed X-rays. (figure 3) C. Dental caries and service utilization indices among study participants regarding gender and type of school . The study revealed a care index (CI) of 12.9 % among the study sample, which was higher in females than males. Similarly, the CI was higher in private schools than in governmental ones. The restorative index (RI) was 13.1% with the same distribution in genders and schools such as CI. The unmet treatment need index (UTNI) was 89.9%; males showed a higher score (88.9%) than females (85.5%), while this score was lower in private schools than in governmental schools. (Table 1) D. The impact of parental dental fear on dental caries and dental service utilization among the study participants. Dental fear was significantly correlated with dental caries in primary and permanent dentitions (deft: r=0.258, P<0.001), (DMFT: r=0.171, P<0.001). Furthermore, a significant relationship was found between the utilization of preventive restorations and parents’ dental fear (P<0.001) (Tables 2 and 3) E. Association between demographic and sociodemographic variables and dental caries experiences in permanent and primary teeth. Regression analysis evaluated how demographic and sociodemographic factors affected DMFT and deft scores. Regarding permanent teeth, the univariate analysis revealed that age (6-8 years old (P<0.001), private school (P=0.038), and fathers with university education (P=0.032) were negative significant predictors of DMFT scores. whereas females (P<0.001) and children with birth order 3 rd to 5 th (P= 0.038) were significant positive predictors. In multivariate analysis , fathers with university education, females, and children with birth order 3 rd to 5 th remained significantly associated with DMFT scores in addition to Age (6-8 years old). (Tabe,4) Concerning primary teeth, univariate analysis revealed that 6-8 years children (P<0.001), mothers aged 20-29-year (P=0.028), fathers with age 30-39-year (P= 0.004)) mothers and fathers university education (P=0.035 and P=0.004; Respectively) demonstrated positive impact on deft scores. However, private schools (P=0.009) and 40-49-year fathers (P=0.039) were negative predictors. In multivariate analysis , 6-8-year children, private schools, fathers aged 30-39 years, and fathers with university education remained significantly associated with deft scores. Additionally, children with birth order 3 rd to 5 th or more in the family and low income (almost enough money) were significantly associated with deft scores. (Table, 5) F. The impact of demographic and sociodemographic variables on utilization of dental services. A logistic regression analysis evaluated how demographic and sociodemographic factors affected dental service utilization. Univariate analysis was used to determine the factor associated with dental service utilization (dependent variable) while other factors were controlled. Then the multivariate analysis was used to determine the factor related to the dependent variable Univariate analysis revealed that children aged 9-12 years (P<0.001) and families with substantial savings (P=0.006) were significantly positive predictors of dental service utilization. Conversely, male (P=0.02) and attending public schools were negative predictors of dental service utilization. Then in the multivariate logistic regression model, the same predictors showed a significant impact on the utilization of dental services, except for families with higher income. (Table 6) Discussion This study focused on children between 6 and 12 years old during their mixed dentition phase. The school-age period is critical for a child's growth, significantly influencing long-lasting dental health behaviors, attitudes, and beliefs. ( 14 ) The state of one's dental health typically affects overall quality of life. ( 7 ) The present study revealed a low rate of dental service utilization with fissure sealant applications being underutilized at only 0.5%. This finding is consistent with another study in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, which observed minimal use of fissure sealants. In contrast, Veiga et al. ( 15 ) reported a much higher utilization rate of 59% for pit and fissure sealants among children. The discrepancies between these studies may be attributed to variations in economic factors which are a significant contributor to the limited application of fissure sealants in children. ( 16 ) In this study, all children exhibited a very low care index (12.9%) and restorative index (13.1%), while the unmet treatment need index was high (86.9%). This result could be explained by the low socioeconomic level of most of the participants as 19.5% only can save money. The study's results align with Medina-solis et al . ( 17 ) who noted that individuals with higher socio-economic status were more likely to receive restorative care, whereas those facing greater social disadvantages have a higher likelihood of untreated dental caries. Parents’ dental fear showed a significantly negative impact on the utilization of dental services such as preventive treatments. This finding aligns with Gudipaneni et al. ( 18 ) who demonstrated that elevated levels of parental dental fear result in reduced utilization of dental services especially preventive services. This showed that parents do not seek dental treatment unless dental problems affect their quality of life. ( 19 ) Regression analysis showed that children aged 6–8 years had lower DMFT scores, higher deft scores, and higher utilization of dental services. This finding aligns with the results reported by Abbass et al. ( 20 ) They attributed the increased susceptibility of deciduous teeth to dental caries to their lower calcium content and structural differences. Additionally, caries in primary teeth may be linked to malnutrition during early childhood. ( 21 ) However, these findings contradicted Reda et al. and Clemencia ( 3 , 22 ) demonstrated that younger children use dental services less frequently compared to their older counterparts. They explained their results by misconception among some parents who suppose that dental visits were unnecessary for younger children, as their teeth were not permanent. Regarding gender, the study revealed that females had higher DMFT scores than males. Shaffer et al . ( 23 ) showed that females aged 6–11 years had better protection against dental caries than males. They attributed their results to including ethnic minorities in their sample, which may affect in this difference. Additionally, Lutifyya et al . ( 24 ) illustrated a lower rate of dental service utilization among males than females. This observation aligns with the notion that society places higher importance on girls' dental aesthetics, which explains their frequent dental visits and increased utilization of dental services. Students enrolled in private schools exhibited lower deft, DMFT scores and higher rates of dental services utilization compared to public schools. This finding is consistent with the results reported by Mohiuddin et al and Kumar et al . ( 25 , 26 ) They explained that public school students often come from families with lower socioeconomic status and possess less knowledge about oral health, leading to poorer oral hygiene habits and reduced utilization of dental services. Children with birth order third to fifth were significant predictors for higher DMFT and deft scores. This finding is consistent with the results reported by Sujlana and Pannu . ( 27 ) As the number of children in a family increases, parents face greater responsibilities, which can lead to less individual attention for each child. This reduced focus can negatively affect both dental and general health outcomes. ( 28 ) Mothers aged 20–29 years whose children had higher deft scores compared to older mothers. This finding was aligned with Gudipaneni et al . ( 18 ) who explained that parents with older age are more knowledgeable and aware of oral health that affects their attitudes towards children’s oral health. On the other hand, Shin et al . ( 29 ) showed that there were no significant differences between the mother’s age and caries prevalence of their 6-11-year-old children. Children whose parents had higher education levels showed lower DMFT and deft scores. These findings align with Abbass et al . ( 20 ) who observed an inverse significant correlation between parental education level and children's deft. They suggested that highly educated parents focus on their children's dental health from an early age. ( 30 ) Differences between studies can be attributed to varying age ranges; while our study focused on children up to 12 years old, others extended to 17 years. As children grow older, parental influence diminishes, potentially leading to a loss of control over the child's dietary habits and oral hygiene practices. According to family income, children from middle-income households, who had nearly sufficient funds, exhibited lower deft scores compared to those from low-income families who needed to borrow money. Conversely, children from high-income families, who save money, use dental services. This finding aligns with Yousaf et al and Grytten et al. ( 31 , 32 ) These relationships likely stem from low-income families facing material, social, and financial challenges that hinder their ability to care for themselves and their children. Such families encounter obstacles in accessing professional healthcare services and often fail to recognize dental issues. ( 18 , 33 ) This study seeks to implement regular health education programs for caregivers focusing on low-income backgrounds and with limited educational attainment. The present study aims to encourage a positive trend in dental care utilization at individual, household, and community levels by broadening dental coverage to include preventive and routine treatments during childhood. This approach seeks to reduce financial barriers and improve oral health outcomes. Dental health professionals enhance children's overall oral health and foster a more positive dental care experience. Conclusion The study concluded that children aged 6–8 years demonstrated significantly higher dental caries scores in their primary teeth. However, children aged 9–12 years showed a significantly higher rate of dental service utilization. Girls were a positive predictor of DMFT scores, while boys were a negative predictor of service utilization. Students from private schools and those whose fathers had university education demonstrated lower caries scores in both types of dentition and higher rates of dental service utilization. Children from families with more than 3 children exhibited higher caries rates in both types of dentitions. High-income families showed a positive predictor of service utilization. Dental fear was correlated with dental caries in primary and permanent dentitions. Moreover, it hindered the utilization of preventive treatments. Declarations Clinical trial number: Not applicable Ethics Approval and consent to participate : The study proposal was submitted to the Ethics Committee at the Faculty of Dentistry at Mansoura University (# 0203023). All methods were carried out in accordance with all relevant guidelines and regulations and the Declaration of Helsinki. Prior to their participation, the children's parents or legal guardians were informed about the aim and specific objectives of the study and the value of their participation to obtain the informed consent before the study . All participants provided written informed consent; a procedure approved by the Ethics committee. Consent of publication: Not applicable. Data availability statement : The data supporting the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request . Competing interests : The authors have declared that no competing interests exist. The authors declared no potential conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship , and or publication of this article . Funding: No funding was received for this study . ( self-funded by the corresponding author. Author details 1-Mariam Osman Mohamed:Department of Public Health and Preventive Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Mansoura University, Egypt. 2- Basma Elsayed Hamza: Department of Public Health and Preventive Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Mansoura University, Egypt. 3- Rabaa Mahmoud Aboubakr: Department of Public health and Preventive Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Mansoura University, Egypt. 4- Nasr Mohamed Attia: Department of Public health and Preventive Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Mansoura University, Egypt. References Tickle M, Milsom K, King D, Kearney-Mitchell P, Blinkhorn A. The fate of the carious primary teeth of children who regularly attend the general dental service. Br Dent J. 2002;192(4):219-223. 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Tables Table (1): The total number of decayed, missed, and filled teeth and the dental care utilization among studied children concerning gender and school type. Variables Gender School type Total Males Females Governmental Private D 153 212 269 96 365 M 3 1 3 1 4 F 19 36 32 23 55 DMFT 175 249 304 120 424 Care index 10.9% 14.5% 10.5% 19.2% 12.9% Restorative index 11.0% 14.5% 10.6% 19.3% 13.1% Unmet treatment needs index 88.9% 85.5% 89.4% 80.6% 86.9% d 314 269 423 160 583 e 62 73 110 25 135 f 78 74 96 56 152 deft 454 416 629 241 870 Care index 17.2% 17.8% 15.3% 23.2% 17.5% Restorative index 19.9% 21.6% 18.5% 25.9% 20.7% Unmet treatment needs index 80.1% 78.4% 81.5% 74.1% 79.3% Table (2): Correlation between parent’s dental fear and caries experience in permanent and deciduous teeth among study participants. Variables Parent’s dental fear Correlation coefficient (r) P-value Dental caries experience in permanent teeth (DMFT) 0.171 <0.001* Dental caries experience in deciduous teeth (deft) 0.258 <0.001* P value calculated by Spearman’s correlation test. *Significant p≤ 0.05 Table (3): Association between parents’ dental fear and dental service utilization among study participants . Dental fear Type of services Utilized dental services Did not utilize dental services Total Test of significance p-value Preventive restorations Absent 308(33.8%) 602(66.2%) 910 χ2=9.560 <0.001* Present 603(26.0%) 1712(74.0%) 2315 Total 911(28.2%) 2314(71.8%) 3225 Restorations (composite &glass ionomer &amalgam) Absent 48(5.3%) 862(94.7%) 910 χ2=9.560 0.632 Present 132(5.7%) 2182(94.3%) 2314 Total 180(5.6%) 3044(94.4%) 3224 Root canal treatment Absent 11(3.1%) 344(96.9%) 355 χ2=1.038 0.308 Present 15(2.1%) 705(97.9%) 720 Total 26 1049 1075 Stainless steel crown Absent 12(3.4%) 343(96.6%) 355 χ2=0.290 0.590 Present 22(3.1%) 698(96.9%) 720 Total 34 1041 1075 Space maintainer Absent 4(1.1%) 351(98.9%) 355 FET 0.488 Present 5(0.7%) 715(99.3%) 720 Total 9(0.8%) 1066(99.2%) 1075 Tooth extraction Absent 61(17.2%) 294(82.8%) 355 χ2=9.560 0.105 Present 154(21.4%) 566(78.6%) 720 Total 215(20.0%) 860(80.0%) 1075 General anesthesia Absent 8(2.3%) 347(97.7%) 355 χ2=9.560 0.528 Present 21(2.9%) 699(97.1%) 720 Total 29 (2.7%) 1046(97.3%) 1075 P-value calculated by Chi-square test and Fisher’s exact test. *Significant p≤ 0.05 Abbreviations: FET: Fisher’s Exact Test Preventive restoration calculated by sum of cases with pit & fissure sealants, fluoride application and dental scaling utilization. Restoration calculated by sum of cases with composite, glass ionomer and amalgam restorations. Table (4): Linear regression analysis of predictors influencing dental caries prevalence in permanent teeth among study participants. Predictors Unadjusted (univariate) analysis Adjusted (multivariate) analysis B 95% Confidence Interval P-value B 95% Confidence Interval P-value Lower Upper Lower Upper age of children 6-8 years old -0.416 -0.629 -0.204 <0.001* -0.322 -0.540 -0.105 0.004* 9-12 years old Reference Reference gender Male Reference Reference Female 0.290 0.155 0.424 <0.001* 0.248 0.111 0.385 <0.001* Chronic disease Yes Reference Reference No -0.194 -0.507 0.119 0.244 -0.230 -0.544 0.083 0.150 type of school private -0.160 -0.306 -0.014 0.032* -0.062 -0.233 0.107 0.470 Public (r) Number of children 1-2 Children Reference Reference 3-5 Children 0.145 0.008 0.283 0.038* 0.152 0.009 0.294 0.047* more than 5 0.369 -0.208 0.947 0.210 0.650 -0.021 1.278 0.078 Arrangement of children The third in order or less Reference Reference Fourth in order or more -0.095 -0.338 0.148 0.444 -0.237 -0.518 0.044 0.098 Mother’s age 20-29 years old 0.064 -0.234 0.362 0.674 0.088 -0.231 0.408 0.587 30-39 years old Reference Reference 40-49 years old 0.013 -0.139 0.165 0.865 0.022 -0.161 0.205 0.811 50 years old and above -0.166 -0.786 0.454 0.600 -0.112 -0.763 0.538 0.734 Mothers' education less than a high school education Reference Reference High school education 0.054 -0.100 0.208 0.492 0.054 -0.224 0.333 0.702 University education -0.088 -0.230 0.054 0.225 0.089 -0.205 0.384 0.552 Mothers ‘occupation Not working Reference Reference Working -0.113 -0.259 0.033 0.128 -0.050 0.208 0.107 0.523 Father's age 20-29 years old 0.678 0.629 0.765 0.092 0.608 -0.211 1.428 0.146 30-39 years old -0.089 -0.227 0.049 0.208 -0.070 -0.228 0.088 0.386 40-49 years old Reference Reference 50 years old and above -0.165 0.382 0.053 0.138 -0.236 -0.482 0.008 0.059 Father's education less than a high school education Reference Reference High school education 0.049 -0.108 0.207 0.537 -0.221 -0.472 0.030 0.085 University education -0.154 -0.294 -0.013 0.032* -0.300 -0.561 -0.039 0.023* Father's occupation Unemployed Reference Reference Manual worker -0.114 -0.347 0.120 0.339 0.049 -0.775 0.872 0.908 Professional jobs 0.143 -0.078 0.364 0.204 0.260 -0.532 1.054 0.519 Family income Borrowed money Reference Reference almost enough money 0.095 -0.050 0.241 0.199 0.096 -0.125 0.317 0.395 saved money -0.145 -0.316 0.026 0.096 0.044 -0.233 0.322 0.755 Model R 2 0.052 Model F P-value 2.692 <0.001* Dependent predictor: DMFT. *Significant p≤ 0.05 Abbreviations: B (unstandardized coefficient) Table (5): Linear regression analysis of predictors influencing dental caries prevalence in primary teeth among study participants. Predictors Unadjusted (univariate) analysis Adjusted (multivariate) analysis B 95% Confidence Interval P-value B 95% Confidence Interval P-value Lower Upper Lower Upper age of children 6-8 years old 1.109 0.698 1.521 <0.001* 1.1639 0.7423 1.5855 <0.001* 9-12 years old Reference Reference gender Male Reference Reference Female -0.251 -0.515 0.012 0.052 -0.185 -0.453 0.083 0.176 Chronic disease Yes Reference Reference No 0.251 -0.012 0.515 0.062 -0.104 -0.714 0.505 0.737 type of school private -0.379 -0.663 -0.094 0.009* -0.459 -0.795 -0.124 0.007* Public Reference Reference Number of children 1-2 Children Reference Reference 3-5 Children 0.143 -0.125 0.410 0.269 0.281 0.013 0.575 0.040* more than 5 0.734 -0.391 1.859 0.201 1.308 1.097 2.628 0.035* Arrangement of children The third in order or less Reference Reference Fourth in order or more 0.063 -0.411 0.538 0.794 -0.078 -0.627 0.470 0.779 Mother’s age 20-29 years old 0.651 0.072 1.230 0.028* 0.276 -0.353 0.906 0.390 30-39 years old Reference Reference 40-49 years old -0.311 -0.606 -0.015 0.039* -0.054 -0.415 0.307 0.769 50 years old and above 0.738 -0.460 1.956 0.244 0.899 -0.369 2.168 0.165 Mothers' education less than a high school education Reference Reference High school education 0.321 0.022 0.621 0.053 0.185 -0.365 0.735 0.510 University education -0.272 -0.549 -0.04 0.035* 0.288 -0.298 0.875 0.335 Mothers ‘occupation Not working Reference Reference Working -0.056 -0.340 0.228 0.699 0.164 -0.142 0.471 0.293 Father's age 20-29 years old 1.006 -0.530 2.542 0.199 0.732 -0.864 2.329 0.368 30-39 years old 0.400 0.131 0.668 0.004* 0.330 0.019 0.641 0.037* 40-49 years old (r) 50 years old and above -0.254 -0.678 0.170 0.239 -0.259 -0.750 0.232 0.301 Father's education less than a high school education 0.055 -0.346 0.457 0.787 -0.191 -0.687 0.304 0.449 High school education Reference Reference University education -0.396 -0.668 -0.123 0.004* -0.429 -0.827 -0.030 0.035* Father's occupation Unemployed Reference Reference Manual worker 0.179 -0.277 0.634 -0.442 0.390 -1.209 1.989 0.646 Professional jobs -0.076 -0.507 0.356 0.731 0.496 -1.043 2.037 0.527 Family income Borrowed money Reference Reference almost enough money 0.029 -0.304 0.363 0.862 -0.474 -0.913 -0.35 0.034* saved money -0.241 -0.525 0.042 0.095 -0.158 -0.707 0.390 0.571 Model R 2 0.064 F P-value 3.368 <0.001* Dependent predictor: deft. *Significant p≤ 0.05 Abbreviations: B (unstandardized coefficient) Table (6): Binary logistic regression analysis of predictors influencing the utilization of dental services among study participants. Predictors Unadjusted (univariate) analysis Adjusted(multivariate) analysis P-value 95% CI OR P-value 95% CI OR Lower Upper Lower Upper Age of children 6-8 years old Reference Reference 9-12 years old <0.001* 2.053 6.460 3.642 <0.001* 1.634 5.344 2.955 gender Female Reference Reference male 0.020* 0.562 0.951 0.731 0.050* 0.120 0.585 0.773 Chronic disease Yes Reference Reference No 0.592 0.635 2.217 1.187 0.830 0.585 1.020 1.076 type of school Private Reference Reference Public <0.001* 0.168 0.3148 0.230 5 children Reference Reference Arrangement of children The third in order or less 0.816 0.594 1.507 0.816 0.658 0.643 2.014 1.138 Fourth in order or more Reference Reference Mother’s age 20-29 years old 0.655 0.485 1.577 0.874 0.549 01.339 7.672 1.612 30-39 years old 0.206 0.638 1.102 0.838 0.565 0.367 6.253 1.515 40-49 years old 0.089 0.963 1.711 1.283 0.331 0.495 8.049 1.996 50 years old and above Reference Reference Mother’s education less than a high school education Reference Reference High school education 0.305 0.631 1.155 0.854 0.542 0.484 1.465 0.842 University education 0.677 0.805 1.396 1.060 0.802 0.597 1.950 1.079 Mother’s occupation not working 0.611 0.703 1.230 0.930 0.569 0.662 1.254 0.911 working Reference Reference Father’s age 20-29 years old Reference Reference 30-39 years old 0.352 0.672 1.152 0.880 0.207 0.083 1.714 .377 40-49 years old 0.898 0.783 1.322 1.017 0.182 0.076 1.631 0.352 50 years old and above 0.363 0.803 1.820 1.209 0.256 0.081 1.954 0.398 Father’s education less than a high school education Reference Reference High school education 0.320 0.627 1.165 0.855 0.215 0.437 1.204 0.726 University education 0.899 0.776 1.335 1.018 0.916 0.570 1.657 0.972 Father’s job Unemployed Reference Reference Manual worker 0.967 0.644 1.582 1.009 0.737 0.322 4.954 1.264 Professional jobs 0.948 0.644 1.509 0.986 0.654 0.370 4.868 1.343 family income Borrowed money 0.654 0.608 1.366 0.912 0.171 0.459 1.148 0.726 almost enough money Reference Reference saved money 0.006* 4.025 6.868 2.607 0.133 0.488 1.100 0.733 Model χ2 P-value 73.547 <0.001* Dependent predictor: utilization of dental services. P-value is significant at p≤ 0.05. Abbreviations: B (regression coefficient) and 95% CI of OR (95% confidence interval of odds ratio). Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Published Journal Publication published 15 Jul, 2025 Read the published version in BMC Oral Health → Version 1 posted Editorial decision: Revision requested 19 May, 2025 Reviewers agreed at journal 18 May, 2025 Reviews received at journal 17 May, 2025 Reviewers agreed at journal 26 Apr, 2025 Reviewers agreed at journal 20 Apr, 2025 Reviews received at journal 29 Mar, 2025 Reviewers agreed at journal 29 Mar, 2025 Reviewers invited by journal 27 Mar, 2025 Editor invited by journal 26 Mar, 2025 Editor assigned by journal 24 Mar, 2025 Submission checks completed at journal 24 Mar, 2025 First submitted to journal 10 Mar, 2025 You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. 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Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-6194077","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":441675769,"identity":"7aee6112-6842-4578-8f74-6a9c957c81bb","order_by":0,"name":"Mariam Osman Mohamed","email":"data:image/png;base64,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","orcid":"","institution":"Mansoura University","correspondingAuthor":true,"prefix":"","firstName":"Mariam","middleName":"Osman","lastName":"Mohamed","suffix":""},{"id":441675770,"identity":"33919b05-5b49-4542-a752-4ad7a9cc49d1","order_by":1,"name":"Basma Elsayed Hamza","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Mansoura University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Basma","middleName":"Elsayed","lastName":"Hamza","suffix":""},{"id":441675771,"identity":"cb13833c-3cb4-4797-bdbd-7f70f226345f","order_by":2,"name":"Rabaa Mahmoud Aboubakr","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Mansoura University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Rabaa","middleName":"Mahmoud","lastName":"Aboubakr","suffix":""},{"id":441675772,"identity":"a0291168-9edc-4805-83a2-3e5da9ebbbb5","order_by":3,"name":"Nasr Mohamed Attia","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Mansoura University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Nasr","middleName":"Mohamed","lastName":"Attia","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2025-03-10 09:38:38","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":"","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-6194077/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-6194077/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[{"content":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12903-025-06414-3","type":"published","date":"2025-07-15T15:56:51+00:00"}],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":80710016,"identity":"3371ad26-0e98-4254-a0da-6aac7143aa86","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-04-16 08:58:02","extension":"jpg","order_by":1,"title":"Figure 1","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":52117,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eStudents' Distribution at Primary Schools in Mansoura City\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"1.jpg","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-6194077/v1/6794eeaaf95c7ba320a4986a.jpg"},{"id":80711177,"identity":"927d0638-ce2b-4003-a5a0-99c53d274cee","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-04-16 09:06:02","extension":"jpg","order_by":2,"title":"Figure 2","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":50760,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003eDental Caries Experience of Primary and Permanent Teeth Among Study Participants\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"2.jpg","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-6194077/v1/aa11eef28a072c48d33736df.jpg"},{"id":80710018,"identity":"cee54bdf-5aa8-477d-9a93-410840e2fa10","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-04-16 08:58:02","extension":"jpg","order_by":3,"title":"Figure 3","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":67067,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003eDistribution of Dental Service Utilization Among Study Participants\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"3.jpg","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-6194077/v1/69060987e363466489b6b57d.jpg"},{"id":87219267,"identity":"8f3e2b58-baf2-4da5-8e4a-60aa07106407","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-07-21 16:01:47","extension":"pdf","order_by":0,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":2768524,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"manuscript.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-6194077/v1/030045b7-87d6-45f3-ac21-7670b219a976.pdf"}],"financialInterests":"No competing interests reported.","formattedTitle":"Dental Caries and Actual Utilization of Dental Services Among Primary School Children in Egypt: A Cross-Sectional study","fulltext":[{"header":"Introduction","content":"\u003cp\u003eDental treatment for young children is usually provided only with parental consent. Parents are the main decision-makers on matters affecting child health. Parents' cultural beliefs, awareness about preventive dental visits, the care of primary teeth, and concern for oral health affect children's oral health habits.\u003csup\u003e(\u003cspan citationid=\"CR1\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR2\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e)\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe use of health services reflects how well the healthcare system works, and this should encourage equitable access to healthcare regardless of a population's socioeconomic or social background or health in general. There are still disparities in the use of dental services in many nations. \u003csup\u003e(\u003cspan citationid=\"CR3\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e3\u003c/span\u003e)\u003c/sup\u003e Dental appointments are crucial to the use of healthcare services. Positive dental experiences allow kids and their caregivers or parents excellent opportunities to apply preventive measures and receive information about oral hygiene. \u003csup\u003e(\u003cspan citationid=\"CR4\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e4\u003c/span\u003e)\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDifferent familial factors affect the utilization of dental services, such as parents’ educational level, socioeconomic status, beliefs, and perceptions about their children's dental health conditions. Age, gender, dental insurance, an d dental fear affected oral health service utilization. \u003csup\u003e(\u003cspan citationid=\"CR5\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e5\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR6\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e6\u003c/span\u003e)\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFew studies reported the utilization rate of different restorations and preventive regimens among schoolchildren. A study in Saudi Arabia (2021) showed a 26.1% utilization rate of pit and fissure sealants versus 22.8% stainless steel crowns. \u003csup\u003e(\u003cspan citationid=\"CR7\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e7\u003c/span\u003e)\u003c/sup\u003e Another study in Brasilia (2022) showed that most of the participating parents with low educational levels preferred nonconservative dental treatments for their children, while parents with a higher educational level preferred conservative intervention. \u003csup\u003e(\u003cspan citationid=\"CR8\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e8\u003c/span\u003e)\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe literature does not include substantial evidence regarding the impact of parental determinants such as socio-economic factors and fear on the utilization of dental services.\u003csup\u003e(\u003cspan citationid=\"CR7\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e7\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR9\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e9\u003c/span\u003e)\u003c/sup\u003e Many researchers focused on children's fear and its influence on pediatric procedures \u003csup\u003e(\u003cspan citationid=\"CR10\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e10\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR11\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e11\u003c/span\u003e)\u003c/sup\u003e so this study was conducted to\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\u003col\u003e \u003cspan\u003e \u003cli\u003e \u003cp\u003eAssess the prevalence and the factors affecting caries\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/li\u003e \u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan\u003e \u003cli\u003e \u003cp\u003eAssess the actual pattern of dental service utilization and the factors influencing this utilization.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/li\u003e \u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan\u003e \u003cli\u003e \u003cp\u003eInvestigate the association between parents’ dental fear, dental caries, and dental service utilization.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/li\u003e \u003c/span\u003e \u003c/ol\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e "},{"header":"Subjects and Methods","content":"\u003ch2\u003e2.1. Study design, location, and population\u003c/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eThis cross-sectional study was carried out at primary schools in Mansoura City. The study included boys and girls aged 6 to 12, who were not undergoing orthodontic treatment and had no disabilities.\u003c/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003e2.2. Ethical consideration\u003c/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003e The study proposal was submitted to the Ethics Committee at the Faculty of Dentistry at Mansoura University (# 0203023). The children's parents or legal guardians were informed about the aim and specific objectives of the study and the value of their participation to obtain the informed consent before the study.\u003c/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003e2.3. Sample size Calculation:\u003c/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eSample size was calculated using the online program Open Epi, an open-source epidemiologic statistics for public health, (\u003cspan class=\"ExternalRef\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"RefSource\"\u003ehttp://openepi.com/SampleSize/SSPropor.htm\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan address=\"http://openepi.com/SampleSize/SSPropor.htm\" targettype=\"URL\" class=\"RefTarget\"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e). For dental service utilization, the sample size was calculated to be 738 based on the total population number (57814), Care index: of 37.4%, Confidence level of 99%, Precision level of 5%, and Design effect of 1.2.\u003csup\u003e(\u003cspan citationid=\"CR12\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e12\u003c/span\u003e)\u003c/sup\u003e. 1500 questionnaires were distributed to compensate for non-response.\u003c/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003e2.4. \u003cb\u003eSample selection\u003c/b\u003e:\u003c/h2\u003e\u003cb\u003eSample selection\u003c/b\u003e\u003cp\u003e57,814 students enrolled in 19 private and 50 public schools in the 2022–2023, Mansoura. These educational institutions were distributed between the East and West districts, with 28,154 and 29,660 students respectively. A multi-stage cluster sampling method was used to select participants. Initially, 15 schools were randomly selected using a number generator: 10 from the public sector and 5 from the private sector of both districts. Then, a sample of classes was selected randomly from chosen schools to represent all primary grades; from first to sixth. Finally, a simple random sampling method was used to select 1500 children from the selected classes.\u003c/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003e2.5. Data collection:\u003c/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe survey items were extracted from a published study after obtaining the permission. \u003csup\u003e(\u003cspan citationid=\"CR12\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e12\u003c/span\u003e)\u003c/sup\u003e The questionnaire language was Portuguese, the questionnaire was translated into Arabic and subsequently validated for content validity and reliability. The item validity index (I-CVI) of this questionnaire was from good to excellent and ranged from 0.80 to 1. The scale validity index. (S-CVI) was assessed to be 1.0 for parents’ dental fear scale. Overall Cronbach's alpha score was 0.8.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe questionnaire comprised two sections. \u003cb\u003eSection 1\u003c/b\u003e :the demographic and socio-demographic characteristics of the family, including the child's age, school type, medical history, and number of siblings, as well as parental factors such as age, occupation, education, and household income. \u003cb\u003eSection 2\u003c/b\u003e assessed parents’ dental fear through four questions; 1) How would you feel about tomorrow’s dental appointment? 2) What are your emotions while waiting in the dentist's reception area? 3) How do you feel while sitting in the dental chair as the dentist prepares the instruments? 4) What do you feel when the dentist works near your gums? The questionnaires were distributed to the parents through school personnel. Study participants assessed their dental fear using a three-point scale (1 = relaxed, 2 = somewhat fearful, and 3 = fear).\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eIntra-examiner consistency was examined before the study, 25 children were examined and diagnosed according to World Health Organization (WHO) criteria twice within a week interval. The results of the two examinations were compared and the Kappa agreement value was 90%.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe DMFT and deft indices were used to measure dental caries in permanent and primary teeth respectively according to WHO diagnostic criteria. \u003csup\u003e(\u003cspan citationid=\"CR13\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e13\u003c/span\u003e)\u003c/sup\u003e The care index was determined using the equation ( \u003cspan class=\"InlineEquation\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"mathinline\"\u003e\\(\\:\\frac{f}{d+m+f}\\)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e) x100), while the restorative index was computed as ( \u003cspan class=\"InlineEquation\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"mathinline\"\u003e\\(\\:\\frac{f}{d+f}\\)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e) x100. The unmet treatment need index was calculated using the formula ( \u003cspan class=\"InlineEquation\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"mathinline\"\u003e\\(\\:\\frac{d}{d+f}\\)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e) x100.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eChildren were screened to record the actual utilization of dental services including preventive dental services (including pit and fissure sealant, topical fluoride application, and dental scaling), restorative dental services like (composite, glass-ionomers, amalgam), pulp therapy, and stainless-steel crowns. Extractions, space maintainers, dental radiographs, and experienced general anesthesia (GA) for dental treatments were registered. Parents were asked about some dental services, such as fluoride applications, scaling, pulp therapy, dental radiographs, and general anesthesia in the questionnaire.\u003c/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003e3.6 Statistical analysis\u003c/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eIBM SPSS Statistics version 26 was employed to organize, tabulate, and analyze the gathered data. The demographic and socioeconomic profiles of the participants were summarized using descriptive statistics. Chi-square and Fisher's exact tests were conducted to determine the association between different dental services and parents' dental fear. Statistical significance was established at a p-value ≤ 0.05. The associations between demographic \u0026amp; socio-demographic and dependent variables (caries prevalence and service utilization) were examined by using univariate (unadjusted analysis) and multivariate (adjusted analysis) linear regression and binary logistic regression tests respectively. Covariates were selected based on a p-value ≤ 0.05 in the model.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Results","content":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eA.\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;Participants\u0026apos; demographic and sociodemographic characters\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe study included 1,075 children with an equal split between boys (538) and girls (537). The mean age of children was 9.904 \u0026plusmn; 1.205 years. Questionnaires were completed by 795 mothers (74%) and 280 fathers (26%). Regarding educational institutions, 336 children (31.4%) were enrolled in private schools, while the remaining 739 (68.7%) attended government schools. Family size varied from one to seven children with 40% of families having three children and a mere 1.2% having six children. An examination of birth order showed that 44.8% of children were eldest siblings, 29.2% were second in line, and a mere 0.1% were the youngest in their families. According to health, 4.9% of children had ongoing medical conditions, while 95.1% were free from illness. Maternal education levels varied with 95 (8.8%) having limited schooling, 283 (26.3%) completing high school, and 697 (64.8%) holding college degrees. Regarding maternal employment, 68.1% were stay-at-home mothers, while 31.7% worked outside the home. As for fathers, 133 (12.4%) did not progress beyond primary education, and 677 (63%) were college-educated. Employment revealed that 951 fathers (88.5%) held professional positions, while only 8 (0.7%) were unemployed. Concerning household finances, 733 (68.2%) families reported their income and their expenditures, whereas 132 (12.3%) families borrowed to meet their needs. A mere 210 (19.5%) families managed to set aside money for savings.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eB.\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;Dental Caries Prevalence and The Actual Utilization of Dental Services\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFigure (2) shows that 54.2% of children had dental caries in their primary teeth compared to 34% in their permanent teeth. Similarly, 14.1% of children had fillings in their primary teeth, while only 5.1% had fillings in their permanent teeth. Overall, dental caries prevalence was higher in primary teeth (59.3%) than in permanent teeth (35.8%).\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eRegarding dental services, fluoride application was the most used service (45.8%),\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003efollowed by dental scaling (38.5%). Stainless steel crowns were observed in only 3% of the children, while pit and fissure sealants were the least utilized, at just 0.5%. For other dental services, extractions were the most frequently performed procedure (20%), followed by root canal treatment (2.4%) and space maintainers (0.8%). \u0026nbsp;Additionally, children who performed dental X-rays or underwent general anesthesia for dental work were screened, and the results revealed that 2.7% experienced general anesthesia and 48.4% performed X-rays. (figure 3)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eC.\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDental caries and service utilization indices among study participants regarding gender and type of school\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e.\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe study revealed a care index (CI) of 12.9 % among the study sample, which was higher in females than males. Similarly, the CI was higher in private schools than in governmental ones. The restorative index (RI) was 13.1% with the same distribution in genders and schools such as CI. The unmet treatment need index (UTNI) was 89.9%; males showed a higher score (88.9%) than females (85.5%), while this score was lower in private schools than in governmental schools.\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e (Table 1)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eD.\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;The impact of parental dental fear on dental caries and dental service utilization among the study participants.\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDental fear was significantly correlated with dental caries in primary and permanent dentitions (deft: r=0.258, P\u0026lt;0.001), (DMFT: r=0.171, P\u0026lt;0.001). Furthermore, a significant relationship was found between the utilization of preventive restorations and parents\u0026rsquo; dental fear (P\u0026lt;0.001) (Tables 2 and 3)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eE.\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;Association between demographic and sociodemographic variables and dental caries experiences in permanent and primary teeth.\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eRegression analysis evaluated how demographic and sociodemographic factors affected DMFT and deft scores. Regarding permanent teeth, \u003cstrong\u003ethe univariate analysis\u003c/strong\u003e revealed that age (6-8 years old (P\u0026lt;0.001), private school (P=0.038), and fathers with university education (P=0.032) were negative significant predictors of DMFT scores. whereas females (P\u0026lt;0.001) and children with birth order 3\u003csup\u003erd\u003c/sup\u003e to 5\u003csup\u003eth\u003c/sup\u003e (P= 0.038) were significant positive predictors. \u003cstrong\u003eIn multivariate analysis\u003c/strong\u003e, fathers with university education, females, and children with birth order 3\u003csup\u003erd\u003c/sup\u003e to 5\u003csup\u003eth\u003c/sup\u003e remained significantly associated with DMFT scores in addition to Age (6-8 years old). (Tabe,4)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eConcerning primary teeth, \u003cstrong\u003eunivariate analysis\u003c/strong\u003e revealed that 6-8 years children (P\u0026lt;0.001), mothers aged 20-29-year (P=0.028), fathers with age 30-39-year (P= 0.004)) mothers and fathers university education (P=0.035 and P=0.004; Respectively) demonstrated positive impact on deft scores. However, private schools (P=0.009) and 40-49-year fathers (P=0.039) were negative predictors. \u003cstrong\u003eIn multivariate analysis\u003c/strong\u003e, 6-8-year children, private schools, fathers aged 30-39 years, and fathers with university education remained significantly associated with deft scores. Additionally, children with birth order 3\u003csup\u003erd\u003c/sup\u003e to 5\u003csup\u003eth\u003c/sup\u003e or more in the family and low income (almost enough money) were significantly associated with deft scores. (Table, 5)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eF.\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;The impact of demographic and sociodemographic variables on utilization of dental services.\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eA logistic regression analysis evaluated how demographic and sociodemographic factors affected dental service utilization. \u003cstrong\u003eUnivariate analysis\u003c/strong\u003e was used to determine the factor associated with dental service utilization (dependent variable) while other factors were controlled. Then \u003cstrong\u003ethe multivariate analysis\u003c/strong\u003e was used to determine the factor related to the dependent variable\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eUnivariate analysis\u003c/strong\u003e revealed that children aged 9-12 years (P\u0026lt;0.001) and families with substantial savings (P=0.006) were significantly positive predictors of dental service utilization. Conversely, male (P=0.02) and attending public schools were negative predictors of dental service utilization. Then \u003cstrong\u003ein the multivariate logistic\u003c/strong\u003e regression model, the same predictors showed a significant impact on the utilization of dental services, except for families with higher income. (Table 6)\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Discussion","content":"\u003cp\u003eThis study focused on children between 6 and 12 years old during their mixed dentition phase. The school-age period is critical for a child's growth, significantly influencing long-lasting dental health behaviors, attitudes, and beliefs. \u003csup\u003e\u003cb\u003e(\u003cspan citationid=\"CR14\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e14\u003c/span\u003e)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e The state of one's dental health typically affects overall quality of life. \u003csup\u003e(\u003cspan citationid=\"CR7\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e7\u003c/span\u003e)\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe present study revealed a low rate of dental service utilization with fissure sealant applications being underutilized at only 0.5%. This finding is consistent with another study in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, which observed minimal use of fissure sealants. In contrast, \u003cb\u003eVeiga et al.\u003c/b\u003e \u003csup\u003e(\u003cspan citationid=\"CR15\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e15\u003c/span\u003e)\u003c/sup\u003e reported a much higher utilization rate of 59% for pit and fissure sealants among children. The discrepancies between these studies may be attributed to variations in economic factors which are a significant contributor to the limited application of fissure sealants in children.\u003csup\u003e(\u003cspan citationid=\"CR16\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e16\u003c/span\u003e)\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e In this study, all children exhibited a very low care index (12.9%) and restorative index (13.1%), while the unmet treatment need index was high (86.9%). This result could be explained by the low socioeconomic level of most of the participants as 19.5% only can save money. The study's results align with \u003cb\u003eMedina-solis et al\u003c/b\u003e. \u003csup\u003e(\u003cspan citationid=\"CR17\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e17\u003c/span\u003e)\u003c/sup\u003e who noted that individuals with higher socio-economic status were more likely to receive restorative care, whereas those facing greater social disadvantages have a higher likelihood of untreated dental caries.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eParents\u0026rsquo; dental fear showed a significantly negative impact on the utilization of dental services such as preventive treatments. This finding aligns with \u003cb\u003eGudipaneni et al.\u003c/b\u003e \u003csup\u003e(\u003cspan citationid=\"CR18\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e18\u003c/span\u003e)\u003c/sup\u003e who demonstrated that elevated levels of parental dental fear result in reduced utilization of dental services especially preventive services. This showed that parents do not seek dental treatment unless dental problems affect their quality of life. \u003csup\u003e(\u003cspan citationid=\"CR19\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e19\u003c/span\u003e)\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eRegression analysis showed that children aged 6\u0026ndash;8 years had lower DMFT scores, higher deft scores, and higher utilization of dental services. This finding aligns with the results reported by \u003cb\u003eAbbass et al.\u003c/b\u003e \u003csup\u003e(\u003cspan citationid=\"CR20\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e20\u003c/span\u003e)\u003c/sup\u003e They attributed the increased susceptibility of deciduous teeth to dental caries to their lower calcium content and structural differences. Additionally, caries in primary teeth may be linked to malnutrition during early childhood.\u003csup\u003e(\u003cspan citationid=\"CR21\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e21\u003c/span\u003e)\u003c/sup\u003e However, these findings contradicted \u003cb\u003eReda et al. and Clemencia\u003c/b\u003e \u003csup\u003e(\u003cspan citationid=\"CR3\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e3\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR22\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e22\u003c/span\u003e)\u003c/sup\u003e demonstrated that younger children use dental services less frequently compared to their older counterparts. They explained their results by misconception among some parents who suppose that dental visits were unnecessary for younger children, as their teeth were not permanent.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eRegarding gender, the study revealed that females had higher DMFT scores than males. \u003cb\u003eShaffer et al\u003c/b\u003e. \u003csup\u003e(\u003cspan citationid=\"CR23\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e23\u003c/span\u003e)\u003c/sup\u003e showed that females aged 6\u0026ndash;11 years had better protection against dental caries than males. They attributed their results to including ethnic minorities in their sample, which may affect in this difference. Additionally, \u003cb\u003eLutifyya et al\u003c/b\u003e. \u003csup\u003e(\u003cspan citationid=\"CR24\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e24\u003c/span\u003e)\u003c/sup\u003e illustrated a lower rate of dental service utilization among males than females. This observation aligns with the notion that society places higher importance on girls' dental aesthetics, which explains their frequent dental visits and increased utilization of dental services.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eStudents enrolled in private schools exhibited lower deft, DMFT scores and higher rates of dental services utilization compared to public schools. This finding is consistent with the results reported by \u003cb\u003eMohiuddin et al and Kumar et al\u003c/b\u003e. \u003csup\u003e(\u003cspan citationid=\"CR25\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e25\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR26\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e26\u003c/span\u003e)\u003c/sup\u003e They explained that public school students often come from families with lower socioeconomic status and possess less knowledge about oral health, leading to poorer oral hygiene habits and reduced utilization of dental services.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eChildren with birth order third to fifth were significant predictors for higher DMFT and deft scores. This finding is consistent with the results reported by \u003cb\u003eSujlana and Pannu\u003c/b\u003e. \u003csup\u003e(\u003cspan citationid=\"CR27\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e27\u003c/span\u003e)\u003c/sup\u003e As the number of children in a family increases, parents face greater responsibilities, which can lead to less individual attention for each child. This reduced focus can negatively affect both dental and general health outcomes. \u003csup\u003e(\u003cspan citationid=\"CR28\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e28\u003c/span\u003e)\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMothers aged 20\u0026ndash;29 years whose children had higher deft scores compared to older mothers. This finding was aligned with \u003cb\u003eGudipaneni et al\u003c/b\u003e. \u003csup\u003e(\u003cspan citationid=\"CR18\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e18\u003c/span\u003e)\u003c/sup\u003e who explained that parents with older age are more knowledgeable and aware of oral health that affects their attitudes towards children\u0026rsquo;s oral health. On the other hand, \u003cb\u003eShin et al\u003c/b\u003e. \u003csup\u003e(\u003cspan citationid=\"CR29\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e29\u003c/span\u003e)\u003c/sup\u003e showed that there were no significant differences between the mother\u0026rsquo;s age and caries prevalence of their 6-11-year-old children.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eChildren whose parents had higher education levels showed lower DMFT and deft scores. These findings align with \u003cb\u003eAbbass et al\u003c/b\u003e.\u003csup\u003e(\u003cspan citationid=\"CR20\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e20\u003c/span\u003e)\u003c/sup\u003e who observed an inverse significant correlation between parental education level and children's deft. They suggested that highly educated parents focus on their children's dental health from an early age. \u003csup\u003e(\u003cspan citationid=\"CR30\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e30\u003c/span\u003e)\u003c/sup\u003e Differences between studies can be attributed to varying age ranges; while our study focused on children up to 12 years old, others extended to 17 years. As children grow older, parental influence diminishes, potentially leading to a loss of control over the child's dietary habits and oral hygiene practices.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAccording to family income, children from middle-income households, who had nearly sufficient funds, exhibited lower deft scores compared to those from low-income families who needed to borrow money. Conversely, children from high-income families, who save money, use dental services. This finding aligns with \u003cb\u003eYousaf et al and Grytten et al.\u003c/b\u003e\u003csup\u003e(\u003cspan citationid=\"CR31\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e31\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR32\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e32\u003c/span\u003e)\u003c/sup\u003e These relationships likely stem from low-income families facing material, social, and financial challenges that hinder their ability to care for themselves and their children. Such families encounter obstacles in accessing professional healthcare services and often fail to recognize dental issues. \u003csup\u003e(\u003cspan citationid=\"CR18\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e18\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR33\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e33\u003c/span\u003e)\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThis study seeks to implement regular health education programs for caregivers focusing on low-income backgrounds and with limited educational attainment. The present study aims to encourage a positive trend in dental care utilization at individual, household, and community levels by broadening dental coverage to include preventive and routine treatments during childhood. This approach seeks to reduce financial barriers and improve oral health outcomes. Dental health professionals enhance children's overall oral health and foster a more positive dental care experience.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Conclusion","content":"\u003cp\u003eThe study concluded that children aged 6\u0026ndash;8 years demonstrated significantly higher dental caries scores in their primary teeth. However, children aged 9\u0026ndash;12 years showed a significantly higher rate of dental service utilization. Girls were a positive predictor of DMFT scores, while boys were a negative predictor of service utilization. Students from private schools and those whose fathers had university education demonstrated lower caries scores in both types of dentition and higher rates of dental service utilization. Children from families with more than 3 children exhibited higher caries rates in both types of dentitions. High-income families showed a positive predictor of service utilization. Dental fear was correlated with dental caries in primary and permanent dentitions. Moreover, it hindered the utilization of preventive treatments.\u003c/p\u003e "},{"header":"Declarations","content":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eClinical trial number:\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eNot applicable\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eEthics Approval\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eand consent to participate\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e:\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe study proposal was submitted to the Ethics Committee at the Faculty of Dentistry at Mansoura University (# 0203023).\u0026nbsp;All methods were carried out in accordance with all relevant guidelines and regulations and\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003ethe\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003eDeclaration of Helsinki. Prior to their participation,\u0026nbsp;the children\u0026apos;s parents or legal guardians were informed about the aim and specific objectives of the study and the value of their participation to obtain the informed consent before the study\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e. All participants provided written informed consent; a procedure approved by the Ethics committee.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eConsent of publication:\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003eNot applicable.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eData availability statement\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e:\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe data supporting the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request\u003cstrong\u003e.\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCompeting\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003einterests\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e:\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe authors have declared that no competing interests exist. The authors declared no potential conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e,\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003eand or publication of this article\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eFunding:\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003eNo funding was received for this study\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e. (\u003c/span\u003eself-funded by the corresponding author.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAuthor details\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1-Mariam Osman Mohamed:Department of Public Health and Preventive Dentistry, Faculty of\u0026nbsp;Dentistry, Mansoura University, Egypt.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e2- Basma Elsayed Hamza: Department of Public Health and Preventive Dentistry, Faculty of\u0026nbsp;Dentistry, Mansoura University, Egypt.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e3- Rabaa Mahmoud Aboubakr: Department of Public health and Preventive Dentistry, Faculty of\u0026nbsp;Dentistry, Mansoura University, Egypt.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e4- Nasr Mohamed Attia: Department of Public health and Preventive Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Mansoura University, Egypt.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"References","content":"\u003col\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eTickle M, Milsom K, King D, Kearney-Mitchell P, Blinkhorn A. The fate of the carious primary teeth of children who regularly attend the general dental service. Br Dent J. 2002;192(4):219-223.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAl-Batayneh OB, Al-Khateeb HO, Ibrahim WM, Khader YS. Parental Knowledge and Acceptance of Different Treatment Options for Primary Teeth Provided by Dental Practitioners. Front Public Health. 2019;7:322.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eReda SF, Reda SM, Thomson WM, Schwendicke F. Inequality in utilization of dental services: a systematic review and meta-analysis. American journal of public health. 2018;108(2):e1-e7.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eFelgner S, Handrock J-F, Schroll CC, Sch\u0026uuml;tte F, Henschke C. Decision-making regarding dental treatments\u0026ndash;What factors matter from patients\u0026rsquo; perspective and does Covid-19 influence patients\u0026rsquo; behavior? A systematic review. 2023.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eBaldani MH, Mendes YB, Lawder JA, de Lara AP, Rodrigues MM, Antunes JL. Inequalities in dental services utilization among Brazilian low-income children: the role of individual determinants. J Public Health Dent. 2011;71(1):46-53.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eNaidu R, Nunn J, Forde M. Oral healthcare of preschool children in Trinidad: a qualitative study of parents and caregivers. BMC Oral Health. 2012;12:27.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAboubakr RM, Elkwatehy W. The Pattern of Dental Care Utilization Among Saudi School Children. Al-Azhar Dental Journal for Girls. 2021;8(3-C):507-515.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eDiel LC, Abanto J, Ferreira Antunes JL, Pettorossi Imparato JC, Franco Ramos L, Guinot Jimeno F, Butini Oliveira L. Parental preferences for dental caries treatment in preschool children according to socio-demographic conditions and beliefs about the primary dentition. Eur J Paediatr Dent. 2022;23(2):147-152.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCarter A, Carter G, George R. Pathways of fear and anxiety in endodontic patients. International endodontic journal. 2015;48(6):528-532.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCianetti S, Lombardo G, Lupatelli E, Pagano S, Abraha I, Montedori A, et al. Dental fear/anxiety among children and adolescents. A systematic review. Eur J Paediatr Dent. 2017;18(2):121-130.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eShim Y-S, Kim A-H, Jeon E-Y, An S-Y. Dental fear \u0026amp; anxiety and dental pain in children and adolescents; a systemic review. Journal of dental anesthesia and pain medicine. 2015;15(2):53-61.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eDiel L, Abanto J, JL FA, JC PI, Ramos F. Parental preferences for dental caries treatment in preschool children according to socio-demographic conditions and beliefs about the primary dentition. European Journal of Paediatric Dentistry. 2022;23(2):147-152.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePetersen PE, Baez RJ, World Health O. Oral health surveys: basic methods. 5th ed. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2013 2013.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePriya PG, Asokan S, Janani R, Kandaswamy D. Effectiveness of school dental health education on the oral health status and knowledge of children: A systematic review. Indian Journal of Dental Research. 2019;30(3):437-449.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eVeiga NJ, Pereira CM, Ferreira PC, Correia IJ. Prevalence of dental caries and fissure sealants in a Portuguese sample of adolescents. PloS one. 2015;10(3):e0121299.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSan Martin L, Casta\u0026ntilde;o A, Bravo M, Tavares M, Niederman R, Ogunbodede EO. Dental sealant knowledge, opinion, values and practice of Spanish dentists. BMC Oral Health. 2013;13:1-8.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMedina-Sol\u0026iacute;s C, Pontigo-Loyola A, Mendoza-Rodr\u0026iacute;guez M, Lucas-Rinc\u0026oacute;n S, M\u0026aacute;rquez-Rodr\u0026iacute;guez S, Navarrete-Hernandez J, Maupom\u0026eacute; G. Treatment needs for Dental Caries, Restorative Care Index, and Index of Extractions in adolescents 12 and 15 years old. 2013.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eGudipaneni RK, Alzabni KMD, Alrashedi FFA, Alruwaili DHJ, Albalawi FA, Alanazi AH, et al. The impact of parental dental anxiety and oral health literacy on child oral health and dental-visit patterns: a cross-sectional study. BMC Oral Health. 2024;24(1):853.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMurali K, Shanmugam S. Influence of mothers\u0026rsquo; dental anxiety and perception of child\u0026rsquo;s OHRQoL towards utilization of dental services\u0026minus; A questionnaire study. Journal of Indian Association of Public Health Dentistry. 2017;15(1):17-22.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAbbass MM, Mahmoud SA, El Moshy S, Rady D, AbuBakr N, Radwan IA, et al. The prevalence of dental caries among Egyptian children and adolescences and its association with age, socioeconomic status, dietary habits and other risk factors. A cross-sectional study. F1000Research. 2019;8.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eJain A, Jain V, Suri SM, Jain R. Prevalence of dental caries in male children from 3 to 14 years of age of Bundelkhand region, India. Int J Community Med Public Health. 2016;3(4):787-790.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eVargas CM, Ronzio CR. Relationship between children\u0026rsquo;s dental needs and dental care utilization: United States, 1988\u0026ndash;1994. American Journal of public health. 2002;92(11):1816-1821.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eShaffer JR, Leslie EJ, Feingold E, Govil M, McNeil DW, Crout RJ, et al. Caries experience differs between females and males across age groups in Northern Appalachia. International journal of dentistry. 2015;2015(1):938213.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eLutfiyya MN, Gross AJ, Soffe B, Lipsky MS. Dental care utilization: examining the associations between health services deficits and not having a dental visit in past 12 months. BMC public health. 2019;19:1-13.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMohiuddin S, Nisar N, Dawani N. Dental caries status among 6 and 12 years old school children of Karachi city. J Pak Dent Assoc. 2015;24(1):39-45.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eKumar V, Raina R, Narayanaswamy R, Pavithran VK. Access and dental health service utilization by children of government schools in Bangalore, India: A parent perspective. Journal of Indian Association of Public Health Dentistry. 2020;18(4):302-307.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSujlana A, Pannu PK. Family related factors associated with caries prevalence in the primary dentition of five-year-old children. Journal of Indian Society of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry. 2015;33(2):83-87.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eBehal R, Lone N, Shah AF, Yousuf A, Jan SM. Oral health status of 6-12 year old children attending a Government Hospital in Kashmir. IAIM. 2016;3(3):139-146.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eShin BM, Park DY. Association between the prevalence of dental caries in children and factors related to their mothers. International journal of dental hygiene. 2017;15(4):e173-e179.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePieper K, Dressler S, Heinzel-Gutenbrunner M, Neuh\u0026auml;user A, Krecker M, Wunderlich K, Jablonski-Momeni A. The influence of social status on pre-school children\u0026rsquo;s eating habits, caries experience and caries prevention behavior. International journal of public health. 2012;57:207-215.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eYousaf M, Aslam T, Saeed S, Sarfraz A, Sarfraz Z, Cherrez-Ojeda I. Individual, family, and socioeconomic contributors to dental caries in children from low-and middle-income countries. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2022;19(12):7114.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eGrytten J, Holst D, Skau I. Demand for and utilization of dental services according to household income in the adult population in Norway. Community dentistry and oral epidemiology. 2012;40(4):297-305.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eDeVoe JE, Graham AS, Angier H, Baez A, Krois L. Obtaining health care services for low-income children: A hierarchy of needs. Journal of health care for the poor and underserved. 2008;19(4):1192-1211.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ol\u003e"},{"header":"Tables","content":"\u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTable (1):\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eThe total number of decayed, missed, and filled teeth and the dental care utilization among studied children concerning gender and school type.\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ctable border=\"1\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\"\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 123px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eVariables\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 139px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eGender\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 195px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSchool type\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 96px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTotal\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 66px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMales\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 72px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eFemales\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 124px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eGovernmental\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 71px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePrivate\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 123px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003eD\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 66px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e153\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 72px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e212\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 124px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e269\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 71px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e96\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 96px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e365\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 123px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003eM\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 66px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 72px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 124px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 71px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 96px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 123px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003eF\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 66px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e19\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 72px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e36\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 124px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e32\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 71px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e23\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 96px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e55\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 123px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003eDMFT\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 66px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e175\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 72px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e249\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 124px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e304\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 71px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e120\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 96px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e424\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 123px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003eCare index\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 66px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e10.9%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 72px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e14.5%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 124px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e10.5%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 71px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e19.2%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 96px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e12.9%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 123px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003eRestorative index\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 66px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e11.0%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 72px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e14.5%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 124px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e10.6%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 71px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e19.3%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 96px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e13.1%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 123px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003eUnmet treatment needs index\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 66px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e88.9%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 72px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e85.5%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 124px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e89.4%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 71px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e80.6%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 96px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e86.9%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 123px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003ed\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 66px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e314\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 72px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e269\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 124px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e423\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 71px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e160\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 96px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e583\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 123px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003ee\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 66px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e62\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 72px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e73\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 124px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e110\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 71px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e25\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 96px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e135\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 123px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003ef\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 66px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e78\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 72px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e74\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 124px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e96\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 71px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e56\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 96px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e152\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 123px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003edeft\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 66px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e454\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 72px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e416\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 124px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e629\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 71px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e241\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 96px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e870\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 123px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003eCare index\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 66px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e17.2%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 72px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e17.8%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 124px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e15.3%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 71px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e23.2%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 96px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e17.5%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 123px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003eRestorative index\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 66px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e19.9%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 72px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e21.6%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 124px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e18.5%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 71px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e25.9%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 96px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e20.7%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 123px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003eUnmet treatment needs index\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 66px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e80.1%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 72px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e78.4%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 124px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e81.5%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 71px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e74.1%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 96px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e79.3%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n\u003c/table\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTable (2): Correlation between parent\u0026rsquo;s dental fear and caries experience in permanent and deciduous teeth among study participants.\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ctable border=\"1\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\" width=\"618\"\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 245px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eVariables\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 373px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eParent\u0026rsquo;s dental fear\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 205px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCorrelation coefficient (r)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 168px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eP-value\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 245px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;Dental caries experience in permanent \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; teeth (DMFT)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 205px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e0.171\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 168px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u0026lt;0.001*\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 245px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;Dental caries experience in deciduous teeth (deft)\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 205px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e0.258\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 168px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u0026lt;0.001*\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n\u003c/table\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003eP value calculated by Spearman\u0026rsquo;s correlation test. *Significant p\u0026le; 0.05\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTable (3): Association between parents\u0026rsquo; dental fear and dental service utilization among study participants\u003c/strong\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ctable border=\"1\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\"\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 81px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDental fear\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"6\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 472px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eType of services\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 101px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003eUtilized dental services\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 108px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003eDid not utilize dental services\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 84px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003eTotal\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 102px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003eTest of significance\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 77px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003ep-value\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"7\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 553px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003ePreventive restorations\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 81px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003eAbsent\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 101px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e308(33.8%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 108px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e602(66.2%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 84px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e910\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"3\" style=\"width: 102px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u0026chi;2=9.560\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" rowspan=\"3\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 77px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u0026lt;0.001*\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 81px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003ePresent\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 101px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e603(26.0%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 108px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e1712(74.0%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 84px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e2315\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 81px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003eTotal\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 101px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e911(28.2%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 108px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e2314(71.8%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 84px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e3225\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"6\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 553px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003eRestorations (composite \u0026amp;glass ionomer \u0026amp;amalgam)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 0px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 81px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003eAbsent\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 101px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e48(5.3%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 108px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e862(94.7%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 84px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e910\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"3\" style=\"width: 102px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u0026chi;2=9.560\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" rowspan=\"3\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 77px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e0.632\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 81px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003ePresent\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 101px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e132(5.7%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 108px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e2182(94.3%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 84px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e2314\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 81px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003eTotal\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 101px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e180(5.6%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 108px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e3044(94.4%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 84px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e3224\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"6\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 553px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003eRoot canal treatment \u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 0px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 81px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003eAbsent\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 101px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e11(3.1%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 108px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e344(96.9%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 84px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e355\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"3\" style=\"width: 102px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u0026chi;2=1.038\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" rowspan=\"3\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 77px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e0.308\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 81px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003ePresent\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 101px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e15(2.1%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 108px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e705(97.9%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 84px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e720\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 81px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003eTotal\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 101px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e26\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 108px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e1049\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 84px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e1075\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"6\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 553px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003eStainless steel crown \u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 0px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 81px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003eAbsent\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 101px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e12(3.4%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 108px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e343(96.6%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 84px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e355\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"3\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 102px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u0026chi;2=0.290\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" rowspan=\"3\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 77px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e0.590\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 81px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003ePresent\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 101px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e22(3.1%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 108px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e698(96.9%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 84px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e720\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 81px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003eTotal\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 101px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e34\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 108px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e1041\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 84px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e1075\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"6\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 553px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003eSpace maintainer\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 0px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 81px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003eAbsent\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 101px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e4(1.1%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 108px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e351(98.9%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 84px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e355\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"3\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 102px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003eFET\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" rowspan=\"3\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 77px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e0.488\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 81px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003ePresent\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 101px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e5(0.7%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 108px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e715(99.3%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 84px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e720\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 81px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003eTotal\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 101px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e9(0.8%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 108px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e1066(99.2%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 84px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e1075\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"6\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 553px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003eTooth extraction\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 0px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 81px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003eAbsent\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 101px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e61(17.2%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 108px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e294(82.8%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 84px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e355\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"3\" style=\"width: 102px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u0026chi;2=9.560\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" rowspan=\"3\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 77px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e0.105\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 81px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003ePresent\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 101px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e154(21.4%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 108px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e566(78.6%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 84px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e720\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 81px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003eTotal\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 101px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e215(20.0%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 108px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e860(80.0%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 84px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e1075\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"6\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 553px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003eGeneral anesthesia\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 0px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 81px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003eAbsent\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 101px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e8(2.3%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 108px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e347(97.7%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 84px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e355\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"3\" style=\"width: 102px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u0026chi;2=9.560\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" rowspan=\"3\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 77px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e0.528\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 81px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003ePresent\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 101px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e21(2.9%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 108px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e699(97.1%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 84px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e720\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 81px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003eTotal\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 101px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e29 (2.7%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 108px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e1046(97.3%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 84px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e1075\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 81px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 101px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 108px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 84px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 102px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 77px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 0px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n\u003c/table\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003eP-value calculated by Chi-square test and Fisher\u0026rsquo;s exact test. *Significant p\u0026le; 0.05\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003eAbbreviations: FET: Fisher\u0026rsquo;s Exact Test\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003ePreventive restoration calculated by sum of cases with pit \u0026amp; fissure sealants, fluoride application and dental scaling utilization. Restoration calculated by sum of cases with composite, glass ionomer and amalgam restorations.\u003cstrong\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTable (4): Linear regression\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eanalysis of predictors influencing dental caries prevalence in permanent teeth among study participants.\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003ctable border=\"1\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\" width=\"660\"\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"3\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 117px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePredictors\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"4\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 270px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; Unadjusted (univariate) analysis \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"4\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 273px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAdjusted (multivariate) analysis\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 67px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; B\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 133px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e95% Confidence Interval\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 69px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eP-value\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 58px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eB\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 125px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e95% Confidence Interval\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 89px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eP-value\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 59px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eLower\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 74px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eUpper\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 67px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eLower\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 58px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eUpper\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"9\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 660px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;age of children\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 117px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e6-8 years old\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 67px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e-0.416\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 59px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e-0.629\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 74px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e-0.204\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 69px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u0026lt;0.001*\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 58px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e-0.322\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 67px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e-0.540\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 58px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e-0.105\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 89px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e0.004*\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 117px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;9-12 years old\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"4\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 270px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003eReference \u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"4\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 273px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003eReference \u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"9\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 660px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u003cstrong\u003egender\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 117px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003eMale\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"4\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 270px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; Reference \u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"4\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 273px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003eReference \u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 117px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003eFemale\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 67px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e0.290\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 59px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e0.155\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 74px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e0.424\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 69px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u0026lt;0.001*\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 58px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e0.248\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 67px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e0.111\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 58px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e0.385\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 89px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u0026lt;0.001*\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"9\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 660px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u003cstrong\u003eChronic disease\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 117px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003eYes\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"4\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 270px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;Reference \u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"4\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 273px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003eReference \u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 117px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003eNo\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 67px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e-0.194\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 59px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e-0.507\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 74px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e0.119\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 69px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e0.244\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 58px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e-0.230\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 67px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e-0.544\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 58px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e0.083\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 89px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e0.150\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"9\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 660px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;\u003cstrong\u003etype of school\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 117px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003eprivate\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 67px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e-0.160\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 59px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e-0.306\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 74px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e-0.014\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 69px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e0.032*\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 58px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e-0.062\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 67px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e-0.233\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 58px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e0.107\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 89px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e0.470\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 117px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003ePublic (r)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 67px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 59px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 74px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 69px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 58px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 67px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 58px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 89px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"9\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 660px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;Number of children\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 117px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e1-2 Children\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"4\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 270px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;Reference \u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"4\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 273px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003eReference \u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 117px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e3-5 Children\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 67px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e0.145\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 59px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e0.008\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 74px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e0.283\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 69px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e0.038*\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 58px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e0.152\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 67px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e0.009\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 58px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e0.294\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 89px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e0.047*\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 117px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003emore than 5\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 67px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e0.369\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 59px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e-0.208\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 74px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e0.947\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 69px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e0.210\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 58px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e0.650\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 67px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e-0.021\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 58px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e1.278\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 89px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e0.078\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"9\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 660px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u003cstrong\u003eArrangement of children\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 117px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;The third in order or less\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"4\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 270px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003eReference \u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"4\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 273px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;Reference \u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 117px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003eFourth in order or more\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 67px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e-0.095\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 59px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e-0.338\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 74px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e0.148\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 69px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e0.444\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 58px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e-0.237\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 67px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e-0.518\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 58px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e0.044\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 89px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e0.098\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"9\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 660px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u003cstrong\u003eMother\u0026rsquo;s age\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 117px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e20-29 years old\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 67px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e0.064\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 59px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e-0.234\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 74px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e0.362\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 69px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e0.674\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 58px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e0.088\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 67px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e-0.231\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 58px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e0.408\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 89px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e0.587\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 117px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e30-39 years old\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"4\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 270px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003eReference \u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"4\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 273px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;Reference \u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 117px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e40-49 years old\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 67px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e0.013\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 59px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e-0.139\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 74px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e0.165\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 69px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e0.865\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 58px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e0.022\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 67px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e-0.161\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 58px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e0.205\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 89px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e0.811\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 117px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e50 years old and above\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 67px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e-0.166\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 59px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e-0.786\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 74px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e0.454\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 69px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e0.600\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 58px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e-0.112\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 67px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e-0.763\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 58px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e0.538\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 89px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e0.734\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"9\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 660px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u003cstrong\u003eMothers\u0026apos; education\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 117px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003eless than a high school education\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"4\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 270px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003eReference \u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"4\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 273px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003eReference\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 117px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003eHigh school education\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 67px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e0.054\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 59px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e-0.100\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 74px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e0.208\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 69px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e0.492\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 58px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e0.054\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 67px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e-0.224\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 58px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e0.333\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 89px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e0.702\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 117px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003eUniversity education\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 67px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e-0.088\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 59px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e-0.230\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 74px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e0.054\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 69px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e0.225\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 58px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e0.089\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 67px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e-0.205\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 58px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e0.384\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 89px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e0.552\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"9\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 660px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;Mothers \u0026lsquo;occupation\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 117px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003eNot working\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"4\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 270px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;Reference \u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"4\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 273px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;Reference \u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 117px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003eWorking\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 67px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e-0.113\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 59px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e-0.259\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 74px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e0.033\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 69px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e0.128\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 58px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e-0.050\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 67px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e0.208\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 58px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e0.107\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 89px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e0.523\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"9\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 660px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u003cstrong\u003eFather\u0026apos;s age \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 117px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e20-29 years old\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 67px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e0.678\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 59px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e0.629\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 74px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e0.765\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 69px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e0.092\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 58px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e0.608\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 67px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e-0.211\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 58px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e1.428\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 89px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e0.146\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 117px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e30-39 years old\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 67px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e-0.089\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 59px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e-0.227\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 74px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e0.049\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 69px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e0.208\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 58px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e-0.070\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 67px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e-0.228\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 58px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e0.088\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 89px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e0.386\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 117px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e40-49 years old\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"4\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 270px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;Reference \u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"4\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 273px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;Reference \u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 117px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e50 years old and above\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 67px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e-0.165\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 59px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e0.382\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 74px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e0.053\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 69px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e0.138\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 58px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e-0.236\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 67px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e-0.482\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 58px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e0.008\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 89px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e0.059\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"9\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 660px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u003cstrong\u003eFather\u0026apos;s education\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 117px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003eless than a high school education\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"4\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 270px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;Reference \u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"4\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 273px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;Reference \u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 117px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003eHigh school education\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 67px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e0.049\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 59px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e-0.108\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 74px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e0.207\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 69px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e0.537\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 58px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e-0.221\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 67px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e-0.472\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 58px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e0.030\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 89px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e0.085\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 117px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003eUniversity education\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 67px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e-0.154\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 59px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e-0.294\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 74px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e-0.013\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 69px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e0.032*\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 58px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e-0.300\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 67px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e-0.561\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 58px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e-0.039\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 89px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e0.023*\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"9\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 660px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;\u003cstrong\u003eFather\u0026apos;s occupation\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 117px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003eUnemployed\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"4\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 270px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;Reference \u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"4\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 273px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;Reference \u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 117px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003eManual worker\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 67px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e-0.114\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 59px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e-0.347\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 74px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e0.120\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 69px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e0.339\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 58px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e0.049\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 67px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e-0.775\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 58px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e0.872\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 89px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e0.908\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 117px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003eProfessional jobs\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 67px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e0.143\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 59px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e-0.078\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 74px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e0.364\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 69px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e0.204\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 58px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e0.260\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 67px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e-0.532\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 58px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e1.054\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 89px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e0.519\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"9\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 660px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u003cstrong\u003eFamily income\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 117px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003eBorrowed money\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"4\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 270px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;Reference \u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"4\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 273px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;Reference \u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 117px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003ealmost enough money\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 67px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e0.095\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 59px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e-0.050\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 74px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e0.241\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 69px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e0.199\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 58px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e0.096\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 67px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e-0.125\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 58px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e0.317\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 89px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e0.395\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 117px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003esaved money\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 67px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e-0.145\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 59px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e-0.316\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 74px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e0.026\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 69px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e0.096\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 58px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e0.044\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 67px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e-0.233\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 58px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e0.322\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 89px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e0.755\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 117px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003eModel R\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"4\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 270px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"4\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 273px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; 0.052\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 117px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003eModel F\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003eP-value\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"4\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 270px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"4\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 273px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;2.692\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026lt;0.001*\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n \u003c/table\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003eDependent predictor: DMFT. \u0026nbsp;*Significant p\u0026le; 0.05\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003eAbbreviations: B (unstandardized coefficient)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTable (5): Linear regression\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eanalysis of predictors influencing dental caries prevalence in primary teeth among study participants.\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003ctable border=\"1\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\" width=\"690\"\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"3\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 147px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePredictors\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"4\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 270px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; Unadjusted (univariate) analysis \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"4\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 273px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAdjusted (multivariate) analysis\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 67px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; B\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 133px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e95%\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eConfidence Interval\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 69px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eP-value\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 58px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eB\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 125px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e95% Confidence Interval\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 89px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eP-value\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 59px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eLower\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 74px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eUpper\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 67px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eLower\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 58px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eUpper\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"9\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 690px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;age of children\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 147px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e6-8 years old\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 67px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e1.109\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 59px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e0.698\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 74px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e1.521\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 69px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u0026lt;0.001*\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 58px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e1.1639\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 67px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e0.7423\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 58px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e1.5855\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 89px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u0026lt;0.001*\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 147px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;9-12 years old\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"4\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 270px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003eReference \u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"4\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 273px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;Reference \u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"9\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 690px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u003cstrong\u003egender\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 147px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003eMale\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"4\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 270px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003eReference \u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"4\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 273px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003eReference \u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 147px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003eFemale\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 67px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e-0.251\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 59px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e-0.515\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 74px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e0.012\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 69px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e0.052\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 58px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e-0.185\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 67px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e-0.453\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 58px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e0.083\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 89px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e0.176\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"9\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 690px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u003cstrong\u003eChronic disease\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 147px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003eYes\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"4\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 270px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;Reference \u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"4\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 273px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003eReference \u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 147px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003eNo\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 67px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e0.251\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 59px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e-0.012\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 74px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e0.515\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 69px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e0.062\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 58px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e-0.104\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 67px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e-0.714\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 58px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e0.505\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 89px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e0.737\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"9\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 690px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;\u003cstrong\u003etype of school\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 147px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003eprivate\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 67px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e-0.379\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 59px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e-0.663\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 74px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e-0.094\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 69px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e0.009*\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 58px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e-0.459\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 67px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e-0.795\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 58px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e-0.124\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 89px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e0.007*\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 147px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003ePublic\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"4\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 270px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003eReference \u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"4\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 273px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003eReference \u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"9\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 690px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;Number of children\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 147px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e1-2 Children\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"4\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 270px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003eReference \u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"4\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 273px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;Reference \u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 147px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e3-5 Children\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 67px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e0.143\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 59px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e-0.125\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 74px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e0.410\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 69px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e0.269\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 58px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e0.281\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 67px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e0.013\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 58px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e0.575\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 89px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e0.040*\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 147px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003emore than 5\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 67px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e0.734\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 59px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e-0.391\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 74px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e1.859\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 69px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e0.201\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 58px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e1.308\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 67px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e1.097\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 58px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e2.628\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 89px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e0.035*\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"9\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 690px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u003cstrong\u003eArrangement of children\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 147px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;The third in order or less\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"4\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 270px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003eReference \u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"4\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 273px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;Reference \u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 147px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003eFourth in order or more\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 67px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e0.063\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 59px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e-0.411\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 74px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e0.538\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 69px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e0.794\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 58px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e-0.078\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 67px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e-0.627\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 58px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e0.470\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 89px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e0.779\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"9\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 690px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u003cstrong\u003eMother\u0026rsquo;s age\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 147px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e20-29 years old\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 67px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e0.651\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 59px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e0.072\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 74px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e1.230\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 69px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e0.028*\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 58px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e0.276\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 67px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e-0.353\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 58px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e0.906\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 89px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e0.390\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 147px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e30-39 years old\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"4\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 270px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;Reference \u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"4\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 273px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;Reference \u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 147px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e40-49 years old\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 67px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e-0.311\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 59px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e-0.606\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 74px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e-0.015\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 69px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e0.039*\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 58px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e-0.054\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 67px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e-0.415\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 58px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e0.307\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 89px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e0.769\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 147px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e50 years old and above\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 67px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e0.738\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 59px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e-0.460\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 74px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e1.956\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 69px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e0.244\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 58px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e0.899\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 67px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e-0.369\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 58px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e2.168\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 89px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e0.165\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"9\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 690px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u003cstrong\u003eMothers\u0026apos; education\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 147px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003eless than a high school education\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"4\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 270px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003eReference \u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"4\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 273px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003eReference \u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 147px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003eHigh school education\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 67px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e0.321\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 59px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e0.022\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 74px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e0.621\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 69px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e0.053\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 58px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e0.185\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 67px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e-0.365\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 58px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e0.735\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 89px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e0.510\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 147px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003eUniversity education\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 67px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e-0.272\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 59px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e-0.549\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 74px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e-0.04\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 69px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e0.035*\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 58px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e0.288\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 67px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e-0.298\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 58px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e0.875\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 89px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e0.335\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"9\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 690px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;Mothers \u0026lsquo;occupation\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 147px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003eNot working\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"4\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 270px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;Reference \u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"4\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 273px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;Reference \u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 147px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003eWorking\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 67px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e-0.056\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 59px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e-0.340\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 74px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e0.228\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 69px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e0.699\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 58px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e0.164\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 67px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e-0.142\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 58px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e0.471\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 89px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e0.293\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"9\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 690px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u003cstrong\u003eFather\u0026apos;s age \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 147px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e20-29 years old\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 67px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e1.006\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 59px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e-0.530\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 74px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e2.542\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 69px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e0.199\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 58px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e0.732\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 67px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e-0.864\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 58px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e2.329\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 89px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e0.368\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 147px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e30-39 years old\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 67px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e0.400\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 59px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e0.131\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 74px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e0.668\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 69px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e0.004*\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 58px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e0.330\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 67px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e0.019\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 58px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e0.641\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 89px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e0.037*\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 147px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e40-49 years old (r)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 67px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 59px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 74px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 69px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 58px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 67px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 58px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 89px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 147px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e50 years old and above\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 67px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e-0.254\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 59px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e-0.678\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 74px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e0.170\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 69px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e0.239\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 58px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e-0.259\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 67px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e-0.750\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 58px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e0.232\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 89px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e0.301\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"9\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 690px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u003cstrong\u003eFather\u0026apos;s education\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 147px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003eless than a high school education\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 67px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e0.055\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 59px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e-0.346\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 74px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e0.457\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 69px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e0.787\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 58px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e-0.191\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 67px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e-0.687\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 58px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e0.304\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 89px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e0.449\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 147px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003eHigh school education\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"4\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 270px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003eReference \u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"4\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 273px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;Reference \u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 147px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003eUniversity education\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 67px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e-0.396\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 59px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e-0.668\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 74px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e-0.123\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 69px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e0.004*\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 58px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e-0.429\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 67px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e-0.827\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 58px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e-0.030\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 89px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e0.035*\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"9\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 690px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;\u003cstrong\u003eFather\u0026apos;s occupation\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 147px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003eUnemployed\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"4\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 270px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;Reference \u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"4\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 273px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;Reference \u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 147px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003eManual worker\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 67px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e0.179\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 59px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e-0.277\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 74px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e0.634\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 69px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e-0.442\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 58px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e0.390\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 67px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e-1.209\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 58px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e1.989\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 89px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e0.646\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 147px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003eProfessional jobs\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 67px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e-0.076\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 59px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e-0.507\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 74px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e0.356\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 69px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e0.731\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 58px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e0.496\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 67px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e-1.043\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 58px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e2.037\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 89px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e0.527\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"9\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 690px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u003cstrong\u003eFamily income\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 147px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003eBorrowed money \u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"4\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 270px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;Reference \u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"4\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 273px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003eReference \u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 147px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003ealmost enough money\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 67px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e0.029\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 59px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e-0.304\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 74px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e0.363\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 69px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e0.862\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 58px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e-0.474\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 67px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e-0.913\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 58px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e-0.35\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 89px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e0.034*\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 147px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003esaved money\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 67px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e-0.241\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 59px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e-0.525\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 74px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e0.042\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 69px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e0.095\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 58px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e-0.158\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 67px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e-0.707\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 58px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e0.390\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 89px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e0.571\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 147px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003eModel R\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"4\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 270px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"4\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 273px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;0.064\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 147px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003eF\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003eP-value\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"4\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 270px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"4\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 273px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;3.368\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026lt;0.001*\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n \u003c/table\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003eDependent predictor: deft. *Significant p\u0026le; 0.05\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003eAbbreviations: B (unstandardized coefficient)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTable (6): Binary logistic regression analysis of predictors influencing the utilization of dental services among study participants.\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003ctable border=\"1\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\" width=\"642\"\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"3\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 100px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePredictors\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"4\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 243px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eUnadjusted (univariate) analysis\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"4\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 298px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAdjusted(multivariate) analysis\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eP-value\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;95% CI\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eOR\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eP-value\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; 95% CI\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eOR\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eLower\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eUpper\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eLower\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eUpper\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"9\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 642px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;Age of children\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 100px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e6-8 years old\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"4\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 243px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003eReference \u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"4\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 298px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003eReference \u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e9-12 years old\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u0026lt;0.001*\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e2.053\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e6.460\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e3.642\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u0026lt;0.001*\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e1.634\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e5.344\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e2.955\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"9\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 642px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u003cstrong\u003egender\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 100px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003eFemale\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"4\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 243px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003eReference\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"4\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 298px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003eReference\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003emale\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e0.020*\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e0.562\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e0.951\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e0.731\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e0.050*\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e0.120\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e0.585\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e0.773\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"9\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 642px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;\u003cstrong\u003eChronic disease\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 100px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003eYes\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"4\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 243px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003eReference\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"4\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 298px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003eReference\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003eNo\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e0.592\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e0.635\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e2.217\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e1.187\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e0.830\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e0.585\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e1.020\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e1.076\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"9\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 642px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;\u003cstrong\u003etype of school\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 100px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003ePrivate\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"4\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 243px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003eReference\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"4\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 298px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003eReference\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003ePublic\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u0026lt;0.001*\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e0.168\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e0.3148\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e0.230\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u0026lt;0.001*\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e0.1756\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e0.3644\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e0.253\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"9\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 642px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u003cstrong\u003eNumber of children\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e1-2 Children\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e0.882\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e0.782\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e1.332\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e1.020\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e0.416\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e0.173\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e2.064\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e0.598\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e3-5 Children\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e0.622\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e0.718\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e1.219\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e0.936\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e0.269\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e0.151\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e1.691\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e0.506\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 100px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u0026gt;5 children\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"4\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 243px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003eReference \u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"4\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 298px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003eReference \u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"9\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 642px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;Arrangement of children\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;The third in order or less\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e0.816\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e0.594\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e1.507\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e0.816\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e0.658\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e0.643\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e2.014\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e1.138\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 100px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003eFourth in order or more\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"4\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 243px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003eReference \u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"4\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 298px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003eReference\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"9\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 642px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;Mother\u0026rsquo;s age\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e20-29 years old\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e0.655\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e0.485\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e1.577\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e0.874\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e0.549\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e01.339\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e7.672\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e1.612\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e30-39 years old\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e0.206\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e0.638\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e1.102\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e0.838\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e0.565\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e0.367\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e6.253\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e1.515\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e40-49 years old\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e0.089\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e0.963\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e1.711\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e1.283\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e0.331\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e0.495\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e8.049\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e1.996\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 100px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e50 years old and above\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"4\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 243px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;Reference \u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"4\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 298px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003eReference\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"9\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 642px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;\u003cstrong\u003eMother\u0026rsquo;s education\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 100px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003eless than a high school education\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"4\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 243px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003eReference\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"4\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 298px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003eReference\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003eHigh school education\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e0.305\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e0.631\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e1.155\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e0.854\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e0.542\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e0.484\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e1.465\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e0.842\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003eUniversity education\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e0.677\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e0.805\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e1.396\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e1.060\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e0.802\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e0.597\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e1.950\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e1.079\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"9\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 642px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;\u003cstrong\u003eMother\u0026rsquo;s occupation\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003enot working\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e0.611\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e0.703\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e1.230\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e0.930\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e0.569\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e0.662\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e1.254\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e0.911\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 100px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003eworking\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"4\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 243px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003eReference \u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"4\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 298px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003eReference \u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"9\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 642px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u003cstrong\u003eFather\u0026rsquo;s age\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 100px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e20-29 years old\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"4\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 243px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003eReference\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"4\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 298px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003eReference \u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e30-39 years old\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e0.352\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e0.672\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e1.152\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e0.880\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e0.207\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e0.083\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e1.714\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e.377\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e40-49 years old\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e0.898\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e0.783\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e1.322\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e1.017\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e0.182\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e0.076\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e1.631\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e0.352\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e50 years old and above\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e0.363\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e0.803\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e1.820\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e1.209\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e0.256\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e0.081\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e1.954\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e0.398\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"9\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 642px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;\u003cstrong\u003eFather\u0026rsquo;s education\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 100px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003eless than a high school education\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"4\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 243px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003eReference\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"4\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 298px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003eReference\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003eHigh school education\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e0.320\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e0.627\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e1.165\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e0.855\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e0.215\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e0.437\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e1.204\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e0.726\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003eUniversity education\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e0.899\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e0.776\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e1.335\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e1.018\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e0.916\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e0.570\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e1.657\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e0.972\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"9\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 642px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;\u003cstrong\u003eFather\u0026rsquo;s job\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 100px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003eUnemployed\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"4\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 243px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003eReference \u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"4\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 298px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003eReference\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003eManual worker\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e0.967\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e0.644\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e1.582\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e1.009\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e0.737\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e0.322\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e4.954\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e1.264\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003eProfessional jobs\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e0.948\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e0.644\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e1.509\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e0.986\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e0.654\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e0.370\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e4.868\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e1.343\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"9\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 642px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003efamily income\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003eBorrowed money\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e0.654\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e0.608\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e1.366\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e0.912\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e0.171\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e0.459\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e1.148\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e0.726\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 100px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003ealmost enough money\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"4\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 243px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003eReference\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"4\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 298px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003eReference\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003esaved money\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e0.006*\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e4.025\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e6.868\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e2.607\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e0.133\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e0.488\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e1.100\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e0.733\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 100px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003eModel \u0026chi;2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; P-value\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"4\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 243px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"4\" style=\"width: 298px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; 73.547\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;\u0026lt;0.001*\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n \u003c/table\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003eDependent predictor: utilization of dental services. P-value is significant at p\u0026le; 0.05.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;Abbreviations: B (regression coefficient) and 95% CI of OR (95% confidence interval of odds ratio).\u003c/p\u003e"}],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":true,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":false,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":true,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":false,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":false,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"bmc-oral-health","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"ohea","sideBox":"Learn more about [BMC Oral Health](http://bmcoralhealth.biomedcentral.com/)","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"https://www.editorialmanager.com/ohea/default.aspx","title":"BMC Oral Health","twitterHandle":"BMC_series","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"em","reportingPortfolio":"BMC Series","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"Children, Dental Caries, Dental Services, Parental Fear, Utilization","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-6194077/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-6194077/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003ch2\u003eBackground\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eUnderstanding factors influencing dental service utilization and dental caries assists dental professionals in addressing challenges within their field.\u003c/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eObjectives\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eAssess the prevelance of dental caries, the actual pattern of dental service utilization and factors affect them such as ( parent\u0026rsquo; dental fear, demographic and socio demographic variables) among primary school children.\u003c/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eMethods\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eThis cross-sectional study was carried out in two stages; first a well-structured questionnaire was used to collect data on socio-demographic variables and parental fear. Second, a clinical examination was performed to record dental caries prevalence (by DMFT and deft indices) according to WHO diagnostic criteria and the utilized dental services. A multi-stage cluster random sampling technique was used to withdraw the study sample. Data was analyzed statistically using regression analysis, Chi-square, and Fisher\u0026rsquo;s exact tests.\u003c/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eResults\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe prevalence of dental caries was higher in primary teeth than in permanent teeth (59.3% vs. 35.8%). Likewise, a higher percentage of children had fillings in their primary dentition (14.1%) than in their permanent dentition (5.1%). The child's age: of 6\u0026ndash;8 years significantly impacted dental caries prevalence and service utilization. Being in private schools significantly reduced dental caries in both types of dentitions (DMFT: B=-0.160, P\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.032), (deft: B=-0.459, P\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.007). Children whose father's had a higher educational level demonstrated lower dental caries scores in both dentitions (DMFT: B=-0.300, P\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0,023), (deft: B= -0.429, P\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.035). A higher utilization rate of dental services was noted among children from families with higher incomes (OR\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;2.607, P\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.006). Parental fear was significantly correlated to an increased dental caries prevalence and reduced preventive services (P\u0026thinsp;\u0026le;\u0026thinsp;0.05).\u003c/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eConclusion\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eDespite the relatively high prevalence of dental caries among study participants, the utilization of dental services was low. Age, number of children, and parental-related factors were predictors of caries prevalence and dental service utilization. This underscores the importance of implementing nationwide educational initiatives aimed at schoolchildren's parents to improve their understanding of accessible dental care options.\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"Dental Caries and Actual Utilization of Dental Services Among Primary School Children in Egypt: A Cross-Sectional study","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2025-04-16 08:57:57","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-6194077/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0},{"type":"decision","content":"Revision requested","date":"2025-05-19T14:02:37+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"156318154463939903068608392799541723141","date":"2025-05-18T06:45:45+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvitedReview","content":"","date":"2025-05-17T13:16:31+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"254826146926066327986929891963334817921","date":"2025-04-26T08:13:40+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"82951069447390325942056207758642109943","date":"2025-04-20T06:25:37+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvitedReview","content":"","date":"2025-03-29T11:29:32+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"339478915461972247432450142965532849577","date":"2025-03-29T10:27:46+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewersInvited","content":"","date":"2025-03-27T10:07:02+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvited","content":"","date":"2025-03-26T08:55:19+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorAssigned","content":"","date":"2025-03-24T13:13:07+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"checksComplete","content":"","date":"2025-03-24T13:11:50+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"submitted","content":"BMC Oral Health","date":"2025-03-10T09:32:26+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"bmc-oral-health","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"ohea","sideBox":"Learn more about [BMC Oral Health](http://bmcoralhealth.biomedcentral.com/)","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"https://www.editorialmanager.com/ohea/default.aspx","title":"BMC Oral Health","twitterHandle":"BMC_series","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"em","reportingPortfolio":"BMC Series","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"a883f158-ba9b-4869-b557-9d3cc28c84ee","owner":[],"postedDate":"April 16th, 2025","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"published-in-journal","subjectAreas":[],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2025-07-21T15:58:21+00:00","versionOfRecord":{"articleIdentity":"rs-6194077","link":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12903-025-06414-3","journal":{"identity":"bmc-oral-health","isVorOnly":false,"title":"BMC Oral Health"},"publishedOn":"2025-07-15 15:56:51","publishedOnDateReadable":"July 15th, 2025"},"versionCreatedAt":"2025-04-16 08:57:57","video":"","vorDoi":"10.1186/s12903-025-06414-3","vorDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12903-025-06414-3","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-6194077","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-6194077","identity":"rs-6194077","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"8U1c8b4HqxoKbykW_rLl7","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}