An obstetrical and gynaecological insight to measure the gender specific issues including menstrual disorders in patients with scoliosis – A genuine step towards empowering women’s inclusive health

An obstetrical and gynaecological insight to measure the gender specific issues including menstrual disorders in patients with scoliosis – A genuine step towards empowering women’s inclusive health | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article An obstetrical and gynaecological insight to measure the gender specific issues including menstrual disorders in patients with scoliosis – A genuine step towards empowering women’s inclusive health Tejaswin Jha, Bhavuk Garg, Buddhadev Chowdhury, JB Sharma, Smita Manchanda This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-8467097/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract Study Design: Ambispective observational study Objective: Scoliosis has systemic implications beyond musculoskeletal changes. Its potential impact on hormonal, menstrual, reproductive, and obstetrical health in females remains underexplored. The objective of this study is to evaluate and compare the menstrual, reproductive, and obstetrical health of females with different subtypes of scoliosis and to identify associated gynaecological abnormalities. Methods: The study was conducted at a tertiary care centre between January 2021 and November 2022. A total of 292 female scoliosis patients and 50 age matched controls were included. Participants were assessed through clinical evaluation, questionnaires, and ultrasonographic examination. Parameters studied included age at menarche, cycle regularity, bleeding characteristics, physical/psychological symptoms, and ultrasonographic findings (endometrial thickness, ovarian morphology) and obstetric outcomes. Statistical tests included Fisher’s exact test and Bartlett’s test for variance. Results: Mean age at menarche was delayed in scoliosis patients, especially in congenital scoliosis compared to controls. Menstrual irregularities, menorrhagia, and dysmenorrhea were significantly higher in congenital and syndromic scoliosis groups. Physical complaints were significantly more common in scoliosis groups than controls (p = 0.003), but psychological symptoms showed no statistical difference. Endometrial thickness and incidence of follicular cysts/bulky ovaries were significantly elevated in congenital and syndromic scoliosis groups. 13 out of 15 patients had unplanned caesarean sections; no cases of spontaneous abortion or infertility were recorded. Conclusions: Scoliosis, particularly of congenital and syndromic origin, is associated with delayed menarche, menstrual irregularities, and gynaecological abnormalities. Although obstetrical data were limited, trends suggest potential complications that merit further investigation. Scoliosis Menstrual irregularities Reproductive health Obstetric outcomes Full Text Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Ethical clearance has been taken for this study by AIIMS New Delhi Institutional Research Ethics Committee (Approval No. - IECPG-673/23.12.2020) on 24/12/2020. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. Our growing team is made up of researchers and industry professionals working together to solve the most critical problems facing scientific publishing. Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-8467097","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":571931295,"identity":"019b40f5-f7cc-462c-ad4e-76548893bf23","order_by":0,"name":"Tejaswin Jha","email":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAAA8ElEQVRIiWNgGAWjYHCCBCCWYGCcwcD4AMji4SOkngdJC7MBSICNCC1QIMHAJgGiCWqxZ294+PFnm0Ue8+zmZ5Vfc+xk2BiYHz66gc8WngPJ0rxtEsWMc46Z3Zbdlgx0GJuxcQ4+LRIJCdKM2yQSG2ckmN2W3MYM1MLDJo1Xi/yD5J8/wVrSvxVLbqsnQosEQ5oEL1hLjhnjx22HidByJiHNmvcfWEsx0IXHediYCfiFvf1M8s0fZ+oSN85I3/jx57Zqe3725oeP8WkB2pMApgwbGBiYwbHEjFc52J4DYEoeiBl/EFQ9CkbBKBgFIxEAAHgRRVcPiGIeAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC","orcid":"","institution":"All India Institute of Medical Sciences","correspondingAuthor":true,"prefix":"","firstName":"Tejaswin","middleName":"","lastName":"Jha","suffix":""},{"id":571931296,"identity":"e4e268fd-ad5d-4d1d-88f1-b278a2e2ff32","order_by":1,"name":"Bhavuk Garg","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"All India Institute of Medical Sciences","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Bhavuk","middleName":"","lastName":"Garg","suffix":""},{"id":571931298,"identity":"78a282d1-aa28-4227-975b-ee599727e2f2","order_by":2,"name":"Buddhadev Chowdhury","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"All India Institute of Medical Sciences","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Buddhadev","middleName":"","lastName":"Chowdhury","suffix":""},{"id":571931299,"identity":"bbe7f599-8ec2-49bc-ad2c-e818290a8726","order_by":3,"name":"JB Sharma","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"All India Institute of Medical Sciences","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"JB","middleName":"","lastName":"Sharma","suffix":""},{"id":571931302,"identity":"9a3432f9-05d7-4ec5-85c2-8c599f6db087","order_by":4,"name":"Smita Manchanda","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"All India Institute of Medical Sciences","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Smita","middleName":"","lastName":"Manchanda","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2025-12-28 17:23:25","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":"","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-8467097/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-8467097/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":106640951,"identity":"c77cc7a1-1df4-47cb-8cf0-fa0756615a55","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-04-10 18:10:02","extension":"pdf","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":707691,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"ThesisDoC.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8467097/v1_covered_456f28f6-1a0b-41ea-8019-81b3e5118e17.pdf"}],"financialInterests":"\u003cp\u003eNo competing interests reported.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eEthical clearance has been taken for this study by AIIMS New Delhi Institutional Research Ethics Committee (Approval No. - IECPG-673/23.12.2020) on 24/12/2020.\u003c/p\u003e","formattedTitle":"An obstetrical and gynaecological insight to measure the gender specific issues including menstrual disorders in patients with scoliosis – A genuine step towards empowering women’s inclusive health","fulltext":[],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":false,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":true,"hideJournal":true,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":false,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":true,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":true,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"Scoliosis, Menstrual irregularities, Reproductive health, Obstetric outcomes","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-8467097/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-8467097/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003eStudy Design: Ambispective observational study Objective: Scoliosis has systemic implications beyond musculoskeletal changes. Its potential impact on hormonal, menstrual, reproductive, and obstetrical health in females remains underexplored. The objective of this study is to evaluate and compare the menstrual, reproductive, and obstetrical health of females with different subtypes of scoliosis and to identify associated gynaecological abnormalities.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMethods: The study was conducted at a tertiary care centre between January 2021 and November 2022. A total of 292 female scoliosis patients and 50 age matched controls were included. Participants were assessed through clinical evaluation, questionnaires, and ultrasonographic examination. Parameters studied included age at menarche, cycle regularity, bleeding characteristics, physical/psychological symptoms, and ultrasonographic findings (endometrial thickness, ovarian morphology) and obstetric outcomes. Statistical tests included Fisher’s exact test and Bartlett’s test for variance.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eResults: Mean age at menarche was delayed in scoliosis patients, especially in congenital scoliosis compared to controls. Menstrual irregularities, menorrhagia, and dysmenorrhea were significantly higher in congenital and syndromic scoliosis groups. Physical complaints were significantly more common in scoliosis groups than controls (p = 0.003), but psychological symptoms showed no statistical difference. Endometrial thickness and incidence of follicular cysts/bulky ovaries were significantly elevated in congenital and syndromic scoliosis groups. 13 out of 15 patients had unplanned caesarean sections; no cases of spontaneous abortion or infertility were recorded.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eConclusions: Scoliosis, particularly of congenital and syndromic origin, is associated with delayed menarche, menstrual irregularities, and gynaecological abnormalities. Although obstetrical data were limited, trends suggest potential complications that merit further investigation.\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"An obstetrical and gynaecological insight to measure the gender specific issues including menstrual disorders in patients with scoliosis – A genuine step towards empowering women’s inclusive health","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2026-04-10 18:09:50","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-8467097/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"0f2eab86-4152-4c91-aa36-ea08b5415974","owner":[],"postedDate":"April 10th, 2026","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"posted","subjectAreas":[],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2026-04-10T18:09:50+00:00","versionOfRecord":[],"versionCreatedAt":"2026-04-10 18:09:50","video":"","vorDoi":"","vorDoiUrl":"","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-8467097","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-8467097","identity":"rs-8467097","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"XKTyCvWXoU3ODBz1xrDgd","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}