Early Warning of Drug-Induced Cardiotoxicity: Quantitative Analysis of Mfn2 Biomarker via Electrochemical Immunosensing Technology

Early Warning of Drug-Induced Cardiotoxicity: Quantitative Analysis of Mfn2 Biomarker via Electrochemical Immunosensing Technology | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article Early Warning of Drug-Induced Cardiotoxicity: Quantitative Analysis of Mfn2 Biomarker via Electrochemical Immunosensing Technology Zixia Wang, Diaoguo Li, Mian Chen, Bolu Sun, Jiali Kang, Haiying He, and 4 more This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-6833535/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Published Journal Publication published 17 Sep, 2025 Read the published version in Microchimica Acta → Version 1 posted 9 You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract Drug-induced cardiotoxicity (DIC) poses a significant challenge in both drug development and clinical practice, making early and accurate assessment crucial. Existing studies have shown that mitochondrial fusion mediated by mitochondrial fusion protein 2 (Mfn2) is closely associated with DIC, and that up-regulation of Mfn2 reduces drug-induced cardiomyocyte damage and apoptosis, suggesting that Mfn2 could be a potential biomarker for early warning assessment of DIC. Due to the defects of cumbersome operation, limited sensitivity, high cost, and difficulty in popularization of existing detection technologies, this study has developed a novel electrochemical immunosensor for highly sensitive detection of Mfn2, enabling early risk assessment of DIC. The sensor utilizes a composite material consisting of sodium titanate nanorods (prepared via MXene oxidation and alkalization) and multi-walled carbon nanotubes (M-NTO-MWCNT) as the sensing substrate. The M-NTO component, with its unique nanorod structure, abundant active sites, and high surface area, significantly enhances sensitivity and provides ample antibody immobilization sites. Meanwhile, MWCNTs improve electron transfer efficiency and selectivity due to their superior conductivity and interconnected network. Under optimized conditions, the sensor achieves a detection limit as low as 1.85 ng mL − 1 and a linear range of 9.38×10 − 1 –2.40×10 2 ng mL⁻¹. Serum sample testing demonstrated excellent reproducibility (RSD < 5%), outperforming conventional ELISA methods. This study provides a new rapid and portable test solution for the early warning of drug-derived cardiotoxicity, and provides technical support and scientific reference for the safety assessment of new drug development. electrochemical immunosensor MXene drug-induced cardiotoxicity Mfn2 Full Text Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Supplementary Files SupplementaryMaterials.docx Cite Share Download PDF Status: Published Journal Publication published 17 Sep, 2025 Read the published version in Microchimica Acta → Version 1 posted Editorial decision: Revision requested 10 Jul, 2025 Reviews received at journal 06 Jul, 2025 Reviewers agreed at journal 24 Jun, 2025 Reviews received at journal 22 Jun, 2025 Reviewers agreed at journal 16 Jun, 2025 Reviewers invited by journal 16 Jun, 2025 Editor assigned by journal 09 Jun, 2025 Submission checks completed at journal 08 Jun, 2025 First submitted to journal 06 Jun, 2025 You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. 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Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-6833535","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":473148281,"identity":"43382db6-437c-4f5e-8456-316e37f83d4c","order_by":0,"name":"Zixia Wang","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Zixia","middleName":"","lastName":"Wang","suffix":""},{"id":473148283,"identity":"546c9d48-670a-4f62-bfd1-a42672fd8777","order_by":1,"name":"Diaoguo Li","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Lanzhou University of 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Existing studies have shown that mitochondrial fusion mediated by mitochondrial fusion protein 2 (Mfn2) is closely associated with DIC, and that up-regulation of Mfn2 reduces drug-induced cardiomyocyte damage and apoptosis, suggesting that Mfn2 could be a potential biomarker for early warning assessment of DIC. Due to the defects of cumbersome operation, limited sensitivity, high cost, and difficulty in popularization of existing detection technologies, this study has developed a novel electrochemical immunosensor for highly sensitive detection of Mfn2, enabling early risk assessment of DIC. The sensor utilizes a composite material consisting of sodium titanate nanorods (prepared via MXene oxidation and alkalization) and multi-walled carbon nanotubes (M-NTO-MWCNT) as the sensing substrate. The M-NTO component, with its unique nanorod structure, abundant active sites, and high surface area, significantly enhances sensitivity and provides ample antibody immobilization sites. 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