Investigating the effect of oil binders on the paper supports via statistical analysis. Part 1: the factors that influence the resulting changes upon ageing

Investigating the effect of oil binders on the paper supports via statistical analysis. Part 1: the factors that influence the resulting changes upon ageing | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Article Investigating the effect of oil binders on the paper supports via statistical analysis. Part 1: the factors that influence the resulting changes upon ageing Penelope Banou, Athena Alexopoulou This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-8508604/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Under Review Version 1 posted 11 You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract Condition assessment of works of art created with oil paints and traditional oil-based inks on paper can be quite complex, especially when it comes to understanding alterations and damages resulting from the absorption of oil binders into the paper support. Recently, a comprehensive methodology was implemented to study the effect of three linseed oil formulations on colour, opacity, morphology, tensile strength, and chemical properties on a pure cellulosic and two lignocellulosic papers with alkaline buffer, using oil-impregnated mock-ups subjected to accelerated, humid-thermal ageing in air-tight vessels. The results generated a substantial amount of data, including measurements of colour, opacity, tensile strength, pH, as well as analyses using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), and Volatile Organic Compound (VOC) analysis with Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). However, a comparative study of the results was insufficient to draw definitive conclusions about the influence of main factors of research—such as ageing time, paper type, and linseed oil formulation—on the recorded changes. Statistical analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Principal Component Analysis (PCA) were employed to reveal the influence of the factors (time of ageing, paper type and linseed oil formylations) on the parameters of research, and to identify the possible correlation between the sets of the impregnated mock-ups. ANOVA testing, involving results from colourimetry, opacity and pH measurements, as well as those derived from GC-MS analysis of VOC emissions, indicated that the three factors have different inputs to many parameters of the research. PCA revealed that there is a distinct difference in the resulting changes between the mock-ups made of the pure cellulosic paper and the two lignocellulosic papers with alkaline buffer upon ageing. Both tests also showed similarities between the mock-ups impregnated with cold-pressed and refined linseed oil. Finally, time-based clustering of the various sets of mock-ups could be suggested, providing a foundation for condition assessment and rating. linseed oil cellulosic paper lignocellulosic paper alkaline buffer statistical analysis ANOVA Tuckey’s HSD test PCA colourimetry opacity pH tensile strength VOC GC-MS Full Text Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Supplementary Files Supportivefile.docx Cite Share Download PDF Status: Under Review Version 1 posted Editorial decision: Revision requested 09 Feb, 2026 Reviews received at journal 09 Feb, 2026 Reviews received at journal 01 Feb, 2026 Reviews received at journal 31 Jan, 2026 Reviewers agreed at journal 19 Jan, 2026 Reviewers agreed at journal 13 Jan, 2026 Reviewers agreed at journal 12 Jan, 2026 Reviewers invited by journal 06 Jan, 2026 Editor assigned by journal 06 Jan, 2026 Submission checks completed at journal 06 Jan, 2026 First submitted to journal 03 Jan, 2026 You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. 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Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-8508604","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":570697048,"identity":"d7b851dc-8428-448c-85d8-9b3db8d4f933","order_by":0,"name":"Penelope 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