Research on Stability of Covered Karst Foundation Under Vehicle Loads

Research on Stability of Covered Karst Foundation Under Vehicle Loads | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article Research on Stability of Covered Karst Foundation Under Vehicle Loads Qibo Wang, Leiliang Guo, Wenqiang Jia, Jianlin Zi, Xinghao Li, and 2 more This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-7974651/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract Covered karst geological conditions pose significant geotechnical hazards in highway construction, including karst roof collapse, ground subsidence, and differential foundation settlement. This study investigates these risks through a numerical simulation analysis of a highway project in Yulin City. We systematically examined the influence mechanisms of vehicular loads on the stress distribution within the bedrock surrounding karst cavities and the resulting vertical and lateral displacement responses of the subgrade, considering various configurations of covered karst. An evaluation framework was developed based on the safety factor against instability and the subgrade deformation coefficient to quantitatively assess the stability of covered karst foundations. The results reveal distinct stress and displacement patterns. Tensile stress concentrations occur primarily at the roof and floor of the cavity, as well as at the upper corners of the cavity roof. Conversely, shear stress accumulates predominantly at the haunches (sidewalls) of the cavity. Crucially, both tensile and shear stresses exhibit a continuous increase with rising vehicular loads. Consequently, the stability safety factor demonstrates a corresponding decreasing trend. Displacement analysis shows a characteristic "horn-shaped" symmetric distribution of lateral displacement along the embankment centerline. Specifically, lateral displacement increases from the embankment toe towards the shoulder, reaching a peak near the shoulder, and subsequently decreases towards the centerline. Vertical displacement, however, displays a symmetric "concave basin-shaped" distribution along the centerline, with maximum values at the centerline itself and minima at the embankment toes. Both lateral and vertical displacements amplify significantly with increasing vehicular loads, leading to a synchronous rise in the subgrade deformation coefficient. Ultimately, the stability state of the covered karst foundation is comprehensively evaluated by analyzing the coupled variation patterns of these dual coefficients (safety factor and deformation coefficient). This research provides critical theoretical foundations and technical support for the planning, design, and construction of highway projects in covered karst regions. vehicle loads covered karst stress distribution foundation deformation stability evaluation Full Text Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. Our growing team is made up of researchers and industry professionals working together to solve the most critical problems facing scientific publishing. Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-7974651","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":542016971,"identity":"224b562a-246e-46c8-afdf-dcba8f67457f","order_by":0,"name":"Qibo Wang","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Shandong Road and Bridge Group Co., Ltd","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Qibo","middleName":"","lastName":"Wang","suffix":""},{"id":542016974,"identity":"101c3337-a3f5-49c9-a53a-c0ff6ea0b2d9","order_by":1,"name":"Leiliang Guo","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Shandong Road and Bridge Group Co., 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Loads","fulltext":[],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":false,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":true,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":false,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":true,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":true,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"vehicle loads, covered karst, stress distribution, foundation deformation, stability evaluation","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-7974651/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-7974651/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003eCovered karst geological conditions pose significant geotechnical hazards in highway construction, including karst roof collapse, ground subsidence, and differential foundation settlement. This study investigates these risks through a numerical simulation analysis of a highway project in Yulin City. We systematically examined the influence mechanisms of vehicular loads on the stress distribution within the bedrock surrounding karst cavities and the resulting vertical and lateral displacement responses of the subgrade, considering various configurations of covered karst. An evaluation framework was developed based on the safety factor against instability and the subgrade deformation coefficient to quantitatively assess the stability of covered karst foundations. The results reveal distinct stress and displacement patterns. Tensile stress concentrations occur primarily at the roof and floor of the cavity, as well as at the upper corners of the cavity roof. Conversely, shear stress accumulates predominantly at the haunches (sidewalls) of the cavity. Crucially, both tensile and shear stresses exhibit a continuous increase with rising vehicular loads. Consequently, the stability safety factor demonstrates a corresponding decreasing trend. Displacement analysis shows a characteristic \"horn-shaped\" symmetric distribution of lateral displacement along the embankment centerline. Specifically, lateral displacement increases from the embankment toe towards the shoulder, reaching a peak near the shoulder, and subsequently decreases towards the centerline. Vertical displacement, however, displays a symmetric \"concave basin-shaped\" distribution along the centerline, with maximum values at the centerline itself and minima at the embankment toes. Both lateral and vertical displacements amplify significantly with increasing vehicular loads, leading to a synchronous rise in the subgrade deformation coefficient. Ultimately, the stability state of the covered karst foundation is comprehensively evaluated by analyzing the coupled variation patterns of these dual coefficients (safety factor and deformation coefficient). This research provides critical theoretical foundations and technical support for the planning, design, and construction of highway projects in covered karst regions.\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"Research on Stability of Covered Karst Foundation Under Vehicle Loads","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2025-11-12 23:23:46","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-7974651/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"68b79701-ba7e-41d6-93c4-c2a624ecc48c","owner":[],"postedDate":"November 12th, 2025","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"posted","subjectAreas":[],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2026-03-26T18:54:31+00:00","versionOfRecord":[],"versionCreatedAt":"2025-11-12 23:23:46","video":"","vorDoi":"","vorDoiUrl":"","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-7974651","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-7974651","identity":"rs-7974651","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"8U1c8b4HqxoKbykW_rLl7","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}