Optimization of Deproteinization and Deacetylation of Shrimp Shell Waste for Chitosan Production Using Fractional Factorial Design (FFD)

Optimization of Deproteinization and Deacetylation of Shrimp Shell Waste for Chitosan Production Using Fractional Factorial Design (FFD) | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article Optimization of Deproteinization and Deacetylation of Shrimp Shell Waste for Chitosan Production Using Fractional Factorial Design (FFD) Atiqa kherbache, Fatma Youcefi, Ouahab Linda Ouided, Dehas Ouided, and 1 more This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3886776/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Under Review Version 1 posted 5 You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract Chitosan is deacetylated chitin, the second most common polysaccharide after cellulose. The diverse applications of chitosan are directly linked to the properties of the polymer, which vary depending on the extraction process. This study aimed to investigate the factors that influence the deproteinization and deacandylation of chitin and to elucidate their effect on the residual protein level, the level of deacandylation (DD), and the yield of extracted material. The selected responses were studied using a 25 − 1 fractional factorial design with five factors and two levels of variation. The factors tested were A NaOH concentration, B = reaction time, C temperature, D = Particle size, and E = Solid/Liquid ratio. Using the ANOVA regression equation gives a coefficient of determination R2 = (99.62%, 99.72%, and 99.90%) for the residual protein level, the deacandylation (DD), and yield, respectively, indicating the precision of the predicted model. The minimum of residual proteins and the maximum deacandylation DD% and yield% reached under those conditions corresponds to the concentration of NaOH (20%,40%), temperature (40°C,129.88°C), reaction time (60,15.03min), particle size of (1.00,0.3mm) and Solid/Liquid ratio of (1/15,1/10.02g/ml). After carrying out the validation test, the chitosan obtained presents a yield, ash rate, residual proteins, a DD%, solubility, crystallinity, and a molecular weight of 16.16 ± 0.22, 0.124 ± 0.002, 2.08 ± 0.05%, 87.13 ± 0.16%, 97.02 ± 0.09%, 44.32%, and 107.47 ± 0.44KDa respectively. Chitin Chitosan Deproteinization Deacandylation Experimental design Optimum conditions Full Text Cite Share Download PDF Status: Under Review Version 1 posted Reviewers agreed at journal 02 Mar, 2024 Reviewers invited by journal 02 Mar, 2024 Editor invited by journal 10 Feb, 2024 Editor assigned by journal 23 Jan, 2024 First submitted to journal 21 Jan, 2024 You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. Our growing team is made up of researchers and industry professionals working together to solve the most critical problems facing scientific publishing. Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-3886776","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":275995326,"identity":"d67d2981-6f93-4d20-868a-785cda1854f3","order_by":0,"name":"Atiqa kherbache","email":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAAA90lEQVRIiWNgGAWjYBACNmTOwQ8VQJKZuYFoLYyHJc6AtDDi14IMmA/wtoG14tfCJ91+8ePXPTZ5/GKHDxyQnFcbzd8O1PKjYhtuh8mcKZaWeZZWLDk7LeFA4bbjuTMOMzYw9py5jVuLRE6CtMSBw4kbbucYHJDcdiy3AaiFmbENr5bk3xAt+R8O8M45ljufsJb0Y5IfILYwHOBtqMndQIQtbNYMB9ISZ85OMzgscexA7kagloP4/CI/I/3xzR8HbBL7pZMff/xQU5c77/zhgw9+VODWwsDAY8DMg+AdBpMH8KgHAvYHjD8QvDr8ikfBKBgFo2BEAgByyWLB4c95lAAAAABJRU5ErkJggg==","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0697-723X","institution":"Abou Bekr Belkaid University Tlemcen: Universite Abou Bekr Belkaid Tlemcen","correspondingAuthor":true,"prefix":"","firstName":"Atiqa","middleName":"","lastName":"kherbache","suffix":""},{"id":275995327,"identity":"9a4cf52c-c91d-4493-b031-5f15f777dfbb","order_by":1,"name":"Fatma Youcefi","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Abou Bekr Belkaid University Tlemcen Faculty of Medicine: Universite Abou Bekr Belkaid Tlemcen Faculte de Medecine","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Fatma","middleName":"","lastName":"Youcefi","suffix":""},{"id":275995328,"identity":"bbdc3e67-872e-43c3-9d99-680fce1247e7","order_by":2,"name":"Ouahab Linda Ouided","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Abou Bekr Belkaid University Tlemcen: Universite Abou Bekr Belkaid Tlemcen","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Ouahab","middleName":"Linda","lastName":"Ouided","suffix":""},{"id":275995329,"identity":"d557f9bf-6533-452b-b765-e03cf8370df9","order_by":3,"name":"Dehas Ouided","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"20 August 1955 University of Skikda: Universite du 20 aout 1955 de Skikda","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Dehas","middleName":"","lastName":"Ouided","suffix":""},{"id":275995330,"identity":"4166b84e-b0b5-4db9-bbae-fda400877233","order_by":4,"name":"Achref Cherifi","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Universite Ferhat Abbas Setif 1","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Achref","middleName":"","lastName":"Cherifi","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2024-01-22 03:07:59","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":"","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-3886776/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-3886776/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":52061169,"identity":"40375aa9-6668-4e2c-8225-398f2b93be66","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2024-03-06 05:22:56","extension":"pdf","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":1294787,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"manuscript.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-3886776/v1_covered_5837aeb3-ac67-4c35-9d54-e3d87eba37db.pdf"}],"financialInterests":"","formattedTitle":"Optimization of Deproteinization and Deacetylation of Shrimp Shell Waste for Chitosan Production Using Fractional Factorial Design (FFD)","fulltext":[],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":false,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":false,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":false,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":true,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":true,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"chemical-papers","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"chpa","sideBox":"Learn more about [Chemical Papers](http://link.springer.com/journal/11696)","snPcode":"11696","submissionUrl":"https://www.editorialmanager.com/CHPA/default.aspx","title":"Chemical Papers","twitterHandle":"","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":true,"editorialSystem":"em","reportingPortfolio":"Springer Hybrid","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":false},"keywords":"Chitin, Chitosan, Deproteinization, Deacandylation, Experimental design, Optimum conditions","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-3886776/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-3886776/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003eChitosan is deacetylated chitin, the second most common polysaccharide after cellulose. The diverse applications of chitosan are directly linked to the properties of the polymer, which vary depending on the extraction process. This study aimed to investigate the factors that influence the deproteinization and deacandylation of chitin and to elucidate their effect on the residual protein level, the level of deacandylation (DD), and the yield of extracted material. The selected responses were studied using a 25\u0026thinsp;\u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;1 fractional factorial design with five factors and two levels of variation. The factors tested were A NaOH concentration, B\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;reaction time, C temperature, D\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;Particle size, and E\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;Solid/Liquid ratio. Using the ANOVA regression equation gives a coefficient of determination R2\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;(99.62%, 99.72%, and 99.90%) for the residual protein level, the deacandylation (DD), and yield, respectively, indicating the precision of the predicted model. The minimum of residual proteins and the maximum deacandylation DD% and yield% reached under those conditions corresponds to the concentration of NaOH (20%,40%), temperature (40\u0026deg;C,129.88\u0026deg;C), reaction time (60,15.03min), particle size of (1.00,0.3mm) and Solid/Liquid ratio of (1/15,1/10.02g/ml). After carrying out the validation test, the chitosan obtained presents a yield, ash rate, residual proteins, a DD%, solubility, crystallinity, and a molecular weight of 16.16\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.22, 0.124\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.002, 2.08\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.05%, 87.13\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.16%, 97.02\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.09%, 44.32%, and 107.47\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.44KDa respectively.\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"Optimization of Deproteinization and Deacetylation of Shrimp Shell Waste for Chitosan Production Using Fractional Factorial Design (FFD)","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2024-03-06 05:14:43","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-3886776/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"","date":"2024-03-03T01:08:34+00:00","index":0,"fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewersInvited","content":"","date":"2024-03-02T22:03:28+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvited","content":"Chemical Papers","date":"2024-02-10T17:13:25+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorAssigned","content":"","date":"2024-01-23T09:09:19+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"submitted","content":"Chemical Papers","date":"2024-01-21T15:05:33+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"chemical-papers","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"chpa","sideBox":"Learn more about [Chemical Papers](http://link.springer.com/journal/11696)","snPcode":"11696","submissionUrl":"https://www.editorialmanager.com/CHPA/default.aspx","title":"Chemical Papers","twitterHandle":"","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":true,"editorialSystem":"em","reportingPortfolio":"Springer Hybrid","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":false}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"dd4a2f72-a908-42fe-9e4b-b784bdf8a6fa","owner":[],"postedDate":"March 6th, 2024","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"under-review","subjectAreas":[],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2024-03-06T05:14:44+00:00","versionOfRecord":[],"versionCreatedAt":"2024-03-06 05:14:43","video":"","vorDoi":"","vorDoiUrl":"","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-3886776","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-3886776","identity":"rs-3886776","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"qtupq5eGEP_6zYnWcrvyt","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}