Effectiveness of Clinical and Hormonal Interventions for Managing Sub-fertility in Crossbreed Dairy Cattle in North Shoa Zone, Ethiopia

Effectiveness of Clinical and Hormonal Interventions for Managing Sub-fertility in Crossbreed Dairy Cattle in North Shoa Zone, Ethiopia | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Article Effectiveness of Clinical and Hormonal Interventions for Managing Sub-fertility in Crossbreed Dairy Cattle in North Shoa Zone, Ethiopia Tewodros Bereded, Tilaye Demissie, Tefera Yilma, Berhan Tamir This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-8742328/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract The purpose of this study was to evaluate estrus response and pregnancy rate in repeat breeder crossbred dairy cattle that were treated by exogenous reproductive hormones. Ninety-two repeat breeder cows/heifers with regular estrus cycle, no detectable reproductive tract infections, and no cystic ovary (rectal palpation and transrectal ultrasonography examination) were assigned to the treatment group, as GnRH *PGF2α group, single PGF2α, and double PGF2α injection group. The estrus response rate in repeat breeder dairy cows/heifers were significantly different (P < 0.05) by hormone treatment regimens, and it was 48.3% for the GnRH-PGF2α group, 72.7% for the single PGF2α and 86.7%, for double PGF2α. The estrus response rate was higher in cows aged 5 to 6 years than in cows aged ≤ 4 years and cows aged seven and above years old. Cows/heifers aged ≤ 4 years had a 6.1 (OR) times higher chance of responding, and those of 5 to 6 years old had a 19.5 times higher chance of responding to hormones compared to cows aged seven and above years old. The pregnancy rate was significantly (P < 0.05) greater in repeat breeder cows or heifers treated with the GnRH PGF2α regime than those in double and single PGF2α regimens. When compared to untreated cow or heifers, the chance of getting pregnant in repeat breeder cow/heifers treated with GnRH PGF2α, double, and single PGF2α regimen was respectively 13.9, 8.7, and 5.4 times higher (P < 0.05). Also, the chance of getting pregnant was 6.9 and 1.9 times greater (P < 0.05) in cows/heifers aged 5 to 6 and 2 to 4 years, respectively, compared to cows aged ≥ 7 years old. BCS of cows/heifers also had a significant influence (P < 0.05) on estrus response and pregnancy rate. According to the findings of this study, using exogenous hormone (GnRH with PGF2α or PGF2α alone) together with ultrasound scanning of ovarian status significantly improved estrus response and pregnancy rate. Health sciences/Endocrinology Biological sciences/Physiology Biological sciences/Zoology Cow Heifers Estrus response Hormone Pregnancy rate Repeat Breeder Full Text Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. Our growing team is made up of researchers and industry professionals working together to solve the most critical problems facing scientific publishing. Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-8742328","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":597296639,"identity":"86dc9c1e-c3b6-4270-995d-4db6a9b10d53","order_by":0,"name":"Tewodros Bereded","email":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAAA1klEQVRIiWNgGAWjYHACAwbGBgYGfhAzoYAI9TxQLRKSDSAtBqRoMTgAsZEwsGdv3ib5c4dNnfH51YkfHhgwyPOLHSBgC8+xMmneM2kSZjfebpYAOsxw5uwEAlokcsykGdsOA7Wc3QDSkmBwm5AW+Tdmkj/b/ksYzzi7+QdxWiR4zCR42w5IGPD3biPSljNpxda8bcmSM27wbrNIMJAg7Bf29sMbb/5ss+Pn7z+7+eaPCht5fmkCWoCARQJMSYBVShBUDgLMH8AU/wGiVI+CUTAKRsEIBADXgkFnBx7nbgAAAABJRU5ErkJggg==","orcid":"","institution":"Debre Berhan University","correspondingAuthor":true,"prefix":"","firstName":"Tewodros","middleName":"","lastName":"Bereded","suffix":""},{"id":597296641,"identity":"d14dd44b-b29c-4e28-89c7-d2dc35543faa","order_by":1,"name":"Tilaye Demissie","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Addis Ababa University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Tilaye","middleName":"","lastName":"Demissie","suffix":""},{"id":597296643,"identity":"168a5a11-5b66-495b-bb6f-73c714cbb69f","order_by":2,"name":"Tefera Yilma","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Addis Ababa University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Tefera","middleName":"","lastName":"Yilma","suffix":""},{"id":597296645,"identity":"38648fda-7c48-4636-980f-f72ef62d7fbe","order_by":3,"name":"Berhan Tamir","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Addis Ababa University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Berhan","middleName":"","lastName":"Tamir","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2026-01-30 14:53:14","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":"","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-8742328/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-8742328/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":106278171,"identity":"ec6e73fd-1194-40d6-ad60-786456331c3f","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-04-07 04:56:02","extension":"pdf","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":487151,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"TewodrosEsheteRevisedManuscript.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8742328/v1_covered_89579c52-5574-42fa-ab1b-bb1c1691e473.pdf"}],"financialInterests":"No competing interests reported.","formattedTitle":"Effectiveness of Clinical and Hormonal Interventions for Managing Sub-fertility in Crossbreed Dairy Cattle in North Shoa Zone, Ethiopia","fulltext":[],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":false,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":true,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":false,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":true,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":true,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"Cow, Heifers, Estrus response, Hormone, Pregnancy rate, Repeat Breeder","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-8742328/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-8742328/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003eThe purpose of this study was to evaluate estrus response and pregnancy rate in repeat breeder crossbred dairy cattle that were treated by exogenous reproductive hormones. Ninety-two repeat breeder cows/heifers with regular estrus cycle, no detectable reproductive tract infections, and no cystic ovary (rectal palpation and transrectal ultrasonography examination) were assigned to the treatment group, as GnRH *PGF2α group, single PGF2α, and double PGF2α injection group. The estrus response rate in repeat breeder dairy cows/heifers were significantly different (P\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.05) by hormone treatment regimens, and it was 48.3% for the GnRH-PGF2α group, 72.7% for the single PGF2α and 86.7%, for double PGF2α. The estrus response rate was higher in cows aged 5 to 6 years than in cows aged\u0026thinsp;\u0026le;\u0026thinsp;4 years and cows aged seven and above years old. Cows/heifers aged\u0026thinsp;\u0026le;\u0026thinsp;4 years had a 6.1 (OR) times higher chance of responding, and those of 5 to 6 years old had a 19.5 times higher chance of responding to hormones compared to cows aged seven and above years old. The pregnancy rate was significantly (P\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.05) greater in repeat breeder cows or heifers treated with the GnRH PGF2α regime than those in double and single PGF2α regimens. When compared to untreated cow or heifers, the chance of getting pregnant in repeat breeder cow/heifers treated with GnRH PGF2α, double, and single PGF2α regimen was respectively 13.9, 8.7, and 5.4 times higher (P\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.05). Also, the chance of getting pregnant was 6.9 and 1.9 times greater (P\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.05) in cows/heifers aged 5 to 6 and 2 to 4 years, respectively, compared to cows aged\u0026thinsp;\u0026ge;\u0026thinsp;7 years old. BCS of cows/heifers also had a significant influence (P\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.05) on estrus response and pregnancy rate. According to the findings of this study, using exogenous hormone (GnRH with PGF2α or PGF2α alone) together with ultrasound scanning of ovarian status significantly improved estrus response and pregnancy rate.\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"Effectiveness of Clinical and Hormonal Interventions for Managing Sub-fertility in Crossbreed Dairy Cattle in North Shoa Zone, Ethiopia","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2026-03-02 17:56:12","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-8742328/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"49a00f34-64a6-4564-b109-e46aceffe024","owner":[],"postedDate":"March 2nd, 2026","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"posted","subjectAreas":[{"id":63558184,"name":"Health sciences/Endocrinology"},{"id":63558185,"name":"Biological sciences/Physiology"},{"id":63558186,"name":"Biological sciences/Zoology"}],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2026-04-07T04:55:38+00:00","versionOfRecord":[],"versionCreatedAt":"2026-03-02 17:56:12","video":"","vorDoi":"","vorDoiUrl":"","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-8742328","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-8742328","identity":"rs-8742328","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"XKTyCvWXoU3ODBz1xrDgd","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}