Percieved Quality of Nursing Care and Associated Factors Among Nurse Working at Public Hospitals, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 2024

Percieved Quality of Nursing Care and Associated Factors Among Nurse Working at Public Hospitals, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 2024 | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article Percieved Quality of Nursing Care and Associated Factors Among Nurse Working at Public Hospitals, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 2024 Sindew Ahmed This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-5138462/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract BACKGROUND: Poor quality nursing care services are not merely harmful but also lead to waste of the economy of the country which will help improve the lives of citizens which leads to, disorganization of the service, conflicting roles, medication error, poor disease prognosis, readmission, dissatisfaction with the care provided, and increased mortality. OBJECTIVE: To assess perceived quality of nursing care and associated factors among nurse working in public hospitals of Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 2024 METHODS : An institutional based cross-sectional study was conducted in four selected hospitals of Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. A total of 563 nurses were included in this study. Study participants were selected using simple random sampling. Self-administered questionnaire was used. Pre-test questionnaire was done at another site and data were checked for completeness, clean and enter into Epi-Data version 3.1and export into SPSS version 27 for analysis. The descriptive part was presented using narration, in tables and figures. A Bivariable logistic regression was used to identify potential candidate variables. To control potential confounding variables, principal component analysis was done; the regression result was presented using AOR with 95% CI and p value less than 0.05 as level of significance. RESULT: The overall perceived quality of nursing care among nurses working in public hospitals of Addis Ababa was 46.5%, 95%CI :( 42.4%-50.4%). The finding identified that age group 30-39 years and 40-49 years AOR=6.31, 95%CI: (3.75,10.62) and AOR=8.66,95%CI: (4.88,15.37) respectively, having >=5 years AOR= 2.17, 95%CI:(1.43, 3.29) and working department( nurse working in surgical and obstetrics and gynecology department) AOR=.49,95%CI:(0.29,0.82) and AOR=.29,95%CI:(0.17,0.51) respectively were factors significantly associated with perceived quality of nursing care. CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION : The finding of this study indicates more than half of nurses perceived as quality nursing care was poor. Age, year of experience and working department were factors associated with quality of nursing care. Hospital managers and other concerned bodies are recommended to take intervention on those identified factors in these studies. Donabedian perceived quality of nursing care Addis Ababa quality of care Figures Figure 1 Figure 2 Figure 3 Figure 4 Figure 5 INTODUCTION Quality of health care defined as “giving care more than patient expectation to increase health benefit by minimizing risk aiming achieving best clinical outcome with available resource (1).In any health care system nurse is basic because they spent their time with patient and 80% of primary care provided by them (2) and they expected to provide preventative, promotive, curative, and rehabilitative care to patients (3).In nursing, the process of giving care to patient should be based on scientific principles to meet the need of each individual patient satisfaction(4,5). Quality of service evaluation differs from demand side (patient) and supply side (Nurse) perspectives. Patient measure QNC based on overall perception following their use while supplier(nurse) evaluate based on process of delivering care and design feature(6,7). Based on Donabedian model quality can be measured in three ways:-structure, process and outcome perspectives. The structures include human resources, material resources and organizational structure. The processes is nursing activities to identify problem (diseases ) and to suggest treatment or solution while outcome refers to clinical results of patient care(8).The models showed the interaction between the system, nurse and the clients(9).Process had technical and interpersonal parts while outcome the impact of the process on patient health such as improved from impairment, satisfaction with treatment gained (10).Implementing nursing process effectively hospitalization reduced, medical errors minimized, waiting time and cost of treatment reduced finally patient satisfaction will be maximized (11,12). In developing countries (LMICs 5.7 to 8.4 million death ( over 15% of overall death) were due to poor quality(13).In Ethiopia QNC was low and client dissatisfied with nursing care service the gained(14,15). Concerning the severity of problem ,minors mistakes made by nurse while giving treatment in the patient's death(3).Furthermore regarding the impact of poor quality of nursing care, Poor quality of nursing care not only harmful but also affect the cost of patient care as well as the country economy as a whole (16).Furthermore it results in disorganization of the service, conflicting roles, medication error, poor diseases prognosis, readmission, dissatisfaction with the care provided, and increased mortality(17,18).When compared high income country with low income countries like Ethiopia regarding hospitalization seven in one hundred in high income countries affected by nosocomial infection while ten in one hundred patients in low income country affected by the same case (19).This leads to increase stress and sadness and worsen their emotional state (20). There are different initiatives to improve poor quality of nursing care. The Ethiopian Federal Ministry of Health (FMOH) is working hard to increase the standard of quality of nursing care to enhance better health outcomes (21).Furthermore the Ethiopian government and FMOH jointly conducting a sector-wide reform to increase the standard and accessibility of nursing care at all levels by implementing hospital reform guidelines(22,23). Additionally, after adoption of Health Sector Transformation Plan (HSTP)'s the government aimed to improve quality of service in terms of efficacy and safety in different area of service, including maternity, neonatal, inpatient, and outpatient services(24). As Ethiopian Demographic Health Survey (EDHS) report revealed even if some progress has been made in quality of nursing care it has been noted that there is a significant in the equity and quality of nursing care provided throughout the country (21).Even if different initiatives and efforts have been made to improve the quality of nursing care in public health institution still lack some sort of quality of nursing care related issue(24). Therefore identifying the problem and analyzing how to develop and gain a better knowledge on quality of nursing care and forecasting how to limit the occurrence, effect, and severity of service failure is very important to enhance future service(25,26).So that identifying factors for poor quality of nursing care are useful to measure and needed to focus on for improving the quality of their healthcare services. The aim of this study was therefore to assess the quality of nursing care and to identify factors affecting quality of care in the study area. MATERIALS AND METHODS Study area and period This research was carried out in Addis Ababa's public hospitals. Study design An Institutional based cross-sectional study was conducted. Population the source and study population for this study was all nurse working in those public hospitals of Addis Ababa and All nurse working in those selected public hospitals of Addis Ababa, during study period and satisfying the inclusion criteria respectively. Eligibility Criteria Inclusion Criteria : All nurses currently working public hospitals of Addis Ababa was included. Exclusion Criteria : Those nurses on month off and birth leave during data collection was excluded from this study and Those nurse with less than six month experience and those gave free service Sample Size Determination and Sampling Procedure Sample size was determined using single population proportion formula by considering the study done on quality of nursing care at SPHMMC and by taking highest score, which was in nurse carryout orders as 66.7% (1) and with Assumption of 95% two-sided confidence interval and 5% margin of error was used to determine the sample size Therefore, by entering the above assumptions in to a formula:, since the study utilized multi-stage sampling, this sample size was multiplied by 1.5 for the design effect. 1.5*341=512 then by adding non-response rate of 10%, the sample size was 563 .A multistage sampling technique was implemented. Out of fourteen public hospitals found in Addis Ababa city by including 30 % (4) hospitals were selected by simple random sampling method. Then the study participants were allocated proportionally based on the number of nurses in each hospital. Dependent Variable:- Perceived quality of nursing care 4.7.1. Independent Variable s and dimensions Socio-demographic characteristics: Age, sex, marital status, educational level, work experience, employment status, working department, residence, monthly income. Structural dimension of QNC: Availability of basic &necessary material &equipment’s, Availability of adequate nurse, Professionals’ development, Nursing service system Process dimension of QNC :- Task-oriented activities, human-oriented activities,staff characteristics, process related Physical environment , Precondition, patient outcomes Operational definitions Quality nursing care : It is the nursing care that meets patients‟ needs and expectations and also meets the professional standards(27). Good perceived on overall quality of nursing care –The structure and process related dimension with yes and no question will be added, After calculating the mean score , those nurse who score above the mean score(48.6%) was considered as having good perception on quality of nursing care(1). Structure s refers to the attributes of the setting where health care occurs and proces s denotes what is actually done in giving and receiving care; and “outcome” indicates the effect of care(27). Good perception on structural aspect : Was measured by adding items regarding availability of basic &necessary material &equipment’s, availability of adequate human resource , Professionals development and availability of Nursing service system and by calculating mean score, those who score above the mean score(>47.5%) were considered as having good perception on structural aspect(1). Good perception on process related dimension : Was assessed by adding the six process related component such as Physical environment, Staff characteristic, Human-oriented activities, Task-oriented activities, Precondition and Patient outcomes and calculating means core those nurse who score above mean score(>49%) was considered as having good perception on process aspect(27). Staff characteristics: refers to nurses being cautious, careful, friendly, and patient and upholds team spirit to provide nursing service, Human-oriented activities: refers to nurses being empathetic and showing respect, encouragement and psychological support to the patients(27). Task-oriented activities: refers to nurses providing appropriate information, communication, right nursing care, and health education to patients, and willing to provide service as soon as possible(27). Precondition: indicates that QNC can be achieved if nurses have practice skills, up-to-date knowledge, experience and participation(1). Patient outcomes: refers to the results of the nursing care that meets patients’ needs, satisfaction and safety requirements(1). Data collection tool and procedure The quality of nursing care assessment tools adapted by reviewing different literature(1,27–29).It is a 38-item questionnaire with assesses six domains of process and (Physical environment, Staff characteristic, Human-oriented activities, Task-oriented activities, Precondition and Patient outcomes).The tool was first validated in a study on development and psychometric evaluation of a quality nursing care scale from nurses’ perspective with cronbachs alpha >0.89(30).The questionnaire was divided into three parts. Part one socio demographic characteristics, part two structural related question and, part three process related factors. Data was collected by using self-administered structured questionnaires. The study participants were invited to participate voluntarily by explaining the rational of the study at the time of data collection. Trained data collectors were used to administer pretested questioners. Data was collected by three trained data collectors and one supervisor. Data collectors were diploma holder/BSc nurses/ nurse working in other hospital other than data collection site. Data quality assurance Data collection process was closely supervised. The adapted tool was checked for internal consistence of each question for composite variable by Cronbach Alpha (α). To evaluate the understandability and the applicability of the instruments, the questionnaire was pretested out of the study area on 5 %(28) of sample size at Menelik II referral hospital before actual data collection period. Based on the findings there was some modifications and arrangements on the respective questions. Measurements and responses were cross checked for missed values, irregularities, inconsistencies, and corrective measures were taken as required. Two-day training on data collection was provided for both data collectors and supervisors. Principal investigator and supervisors made spot-checking. Data Processing and Analysis After the data collection, data was checked manually for its completeness every day. The data was edited, coded, entered using Epi data version 3.1 on daily basis and after complete entry of data it was exported to SPSS version 27 for analysis. Data exploration was done to see the characteristics of data. Frequency distribution was done to check for outliers, inconsistencies and to identify missing values. Descriptive statistics such as frequencies, percentage, summary measures, tables and graphs were used to describe the results of the respondents according to the type of data. Then bivariable logistic regression at p value ≤ 0.25 was considered as candidate variables for multivariate determine the potential determinants of quality of nursing care. Then significant variables with p value ≤ 0.25 was considered as candidate variables for multivariable analysis. A statistically significant association was declared at p-value of <0.05. AOR with its 95% confidence level was used to identify predictors of quality of nursing care. RESULTS Socio-demographic characteristics The mean ages of participant were 34.51(SD + 7.1 years, 234((42%) of study participants were found with age group of 30–39 years and most of them 285(51.2%) were female with 324(58.2%) of them are unmarried and almost one third (27%) of them reside out of Addis Ababa. Regarding educational and employment status, the majority of them only 67(12%) were diploma and 70(12.6%) were not permanent. Concerning their current working department 242(43.4%) were working in medical department and more than half (55.7%) of the nurse had > = 5years of experience. Furthermore among 557 nurses only 267(47.9%) of them the got monthly income greater than 7380 birr/month ( Table 1 ). Table 1 Socio-demographic characteristics of nurse working in public hospitals of Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 2024 Variable__Cathagory frequency Percent Age in years 20–29 years 172 30.9 30–39 years 234 42.0 40–49 years 151 27.1 Sex Male 272 48.8 Female 285 51.2 Marital status married 324 58.2 single 197 35.4 divorced 18 3.2 widowed 10 1.8 separated 8 1.4 Educational status diploma 67 12.0 degree 382 68.6 Masters 108 19.4 Work experience =5 years 310 55.7 Employments status Permanent 487 87.4 Contract 70 12.6 Work departments Medical 242 43.4 Surgical 131 23.5 Gynobs 35 6.3 Pediatrics 70 12.6 Emergence 31 5.6 ICU 20 3.6 ENT 15 2.7 others 13 2.3 current residence Addis Ababa 405 72.7 Out of Addis Ababa 152 27.3 Average monthly income =7380 267 47.9 Nurse perception on structural related components Regarding structural factors nurse were had good perception on professional development and nursing care system related items with magnitude of 314(56.4%) and 312(56%) while most of nurse 329(59.1%) perceive as in adequate nurse in the hospitals but 291(52.2%) of them perceive as adequate material available in the hospitals to give required service (Fig. 1 ) Overall perception of nurse on structural aspect of the hospitals Among participants 324 (58.2%) of them were perceive overall the hospitals’ structure were adequate while the rest perceive as inadequate (Fig. 2 ). Dimension of Process related factors This study found that 297(53.3%) of nurses perceive as they had made effort to have good physical environmental for their patient. Regarding Staff characteristics, about 263(47.2%) of the nurse perceive as having good staff activity. Moreover, out of 557 nurses 308(54.8%) of them perceive as having good human-oriented activity. Furthermore, this finding showed 252(45.2%) of the nurses had perception as they had task-oriented activity. Precondition another process related dimension. This finding indicated that two hundred seventy-six nurses%) of nurse perceive as having a good precondition. Two hundred fourteen (38.4%) of nurses perceive as give a good patient outcome (Fig. 3 ). Overall perception of nurse on process aspect This finding showed that 241(43.3%) of the nurses perceive as overall nurse activity in the hospital was good while the rest perceive overall bad (Fig. 4 ). 5.5: Perception of nurse on quality of nursing care Among 557 nurse 259(46.5%),95%CI:(42.4%-50.4%) were perceive as good quality of nursing care(above mean score of 48.6%)but majority of them 298(53.5%) were perceive as poor quality of nursing care (below mean score of 48.6%) as shown in Fig. 5 . Factor associated with nurse perception toward quality of nursing care To determine the factors that affect the quality of nursing care, the first bivariable logistic regression was fit for each independent variable with the dependent variable to identify the candidate variables. Those variables with p-value less than or equal to 0.25 were selected for the final model. Age in years, Sex, Educational status, work experience, employments status, Work departments and Average monthly Income pass the cutoff point binary regression (p value ≤ 0.25). These variables were included in the multivariable logistic regression model and for those variables with p < = 0.05 considered as having significant association with perception of quality of nursing care. On the final model nurses with the age group of 30–39 AOR = 6.3, CI (3.75–1062) and 40–49 years AOR = 8.66, CI (4.88–15.37) were positively and significantly associated with quality of nursing care. Moreover, nurse with > = 5 years’ experience AOR = 2.17, 95%CI :( 1.43, 3.29) were positively and significantly associated with nurse perception toward quality of nursing care. Furthermore, those nurse working in surgical and obstetrics and gynecology department, AOR = .49,95%CI:(0.29,0.82) and AOR = .29,95%CI:(0.17,0.51) were negatively and significantly associated with quality of nursing care. Table 2 Bivariable and multivariable regression table on nurse perception toward quality of nursing care among nurse working in public hospitals of Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 2024 Variables _ PQNC COR 95%CI P AOR95%CI P value Good Poor Age in years 20–29 years 31 141 1 1 30–39 years 127 107 5.40(3.39,8.61) .000 6.31(3.75,10.62)* .001 40–49 years 101 50 9.19(5.49,15.39) .000 8.66(4.88,15.37)* .001 Sex Male 114 158 1 1 Female 145 140 1.44(1.03,2.01) .034 1.39(0.94,2.05) .096 Educational status diploma 28 39 1 1 degree 193 189 1.42(0.84,2.41) .189 .69(0.37,1.28) .239 Masters 38 70 .77(0.40,1.41) .381 .52(0.25,1.08) .079 work experience =5 years 171 139 2.22(1.58,3.13) .000 2.17(1.43,3.29)* .001 Employments status Permanent 228 259 1.11(0.67,1.83) .691 1.34(0.75,2.42) .323 Contract 31 39 1 1 Work departments Medical 116 126 1 1 Surgical 57 74 .84(0.55,1.28) .414 .49(0.29,0.82)* .007 Pediatrics 44 26 1.84(1.06,3.18) .029 1.10(0.58,2.11) .764 Gynobs and others 42 72 .63(0.40,1.00) .050 .29(0.17,0.51)* .001 Average monthly Income =7380 146 121 1.8900(1.35,2.6) .000 1.42(0.96,2.08) .076 *=p value < = 0.05 DISCUSION This study assessed perceived quality of nursing care and associated factors among nurse working in public hospitals of Addis Ababa. The overall perceived quality of nursing care among nurse working in public hospitals of Addis Ababa was 46.5%, 95%CI :( 42.4%-50.4%).This finding indicate that most of nurse working in public hospitals had poor perception toward QNC. Almost 58.2% and 43.3% of nurse were had good perception toward hospital structure and overall process. Regarding structural factors nurse were had good perception(59.1%) on adequacy of nurse in the hospitals but relatively low perception (52.2%) on adequate material availability in the hospitals to give required service. Concerning process related components, most of nurse (54.8%) them perceive as having good human oriented activity while only 38.4% of nurse perceive as give a good patient outcome. This study finding higher than the study done at a cross-sectional study done for assessing health care service in the East Gojjam Zone of Northwest Ethiopia revealed that the overall quality of nursing care was rated at 40% which was below national standard(28) and a study done in South Gondar revealed 11.99% had good nursing care practice (31).The reason for discrepancy of the result might be due to methodological variations, study tool difference ,study period and infrastructure difference may contribute for the discrepancy. Regarding factors associated with perceived quality of nursing care age, year of experience and working department were factors associated with QNC. Those nurse with age group 30–39 years and 40–49 years were 6.3 and 8.7 times more likely to have good perception on quality of nursing care. This might be due to older age group were had more knowledge about working process and more responsible for the outcome. More over most of them in this age group were seniors the render more responsibility than those fresh nurse. Compared to those nurse with = 5 years’ experience were 2.17 times more likely to have a good perception on quality of nursing care. The reason might be due to those experienced know detail about structural aspect of their hospitals as well as activity which is done by the hospitals regarding human oriented activity, task oriented activity and so on. This finding supported by the study done South Gondar identified the respondents who had work experience of more than 5 years’ experience had positive impact toward QNC (31).Furthermore those nurse working in surgical and obstetrics and gynecology department were by 51% and 61%less likely to have good perception toward quality of nursing care. The reason behind might be the nature of work in these department were more unpredictable outcome as compared with others so that nurse working on those department needs strict follow up of their patient so that quality of nursing care might be poor nurse in adequacy and others. LIMMITATION OF THE STUDY Quality is a subjective construct and is not limited to the perceptions of any one specific profession and health care activity is teamwork, quality of nursing care is not only rendered in nurse but other health professionals as well. lastly the study was based on self-administered not on observation not free from bias such as recall bias and desirability bias and social desirability bias. CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS CONCLUSION From this finding, it can be concluded only less than half of nurses had good perception toward quality of nursing care. Older age group (30–49) years, year of experience (having > = 5 years) and working department (surgical and obstetrics and gynecology department) were factors which had statistical association with perception on quality of nursing care. RECOMMENDATION Based upon the findings the following recommendations are forwarded: Since the overall perception of nurse on quality of nursing care is low (below 50%) FMOH was expected to work hard on quality nursing care aspect The Hospitals Should do strict follow up on nurse who are working in surgical and obygyn department. And should make appropriate rotation based on their experience. Those less experienced nurse and young age group should work under supervision of senior’s nurse. Researchers Should support by qualitative study such as in-depth interview and observation to explore in detail and to minimize bias Abbreviations ALERT……………. All African Leprosy Rehabilitation and training centers AOR…………………………… Adjusted odd ratio COR ………………………… Crude odd ratio ETB…………………………. Ethiopian birr FMOH………………………. Federal ministry of health HSTP ………………………. Health sector transformation plan QNC ………………………. Quality of nursing care SPSS ………………………. Statistical package for social sciences TASH………………………… Tikur Anbessa Specialized hospitals WHO ……………………… World health organization ZMGH………………………….Zewditu Memorial General Hospital Declarations Ethics approval and consent to participate. Ethical approval was obtained from Kea-med medical college of publication office for approval and Ethical clearance was obtained from Addis Ababa public health Research and Emergency management directorate then to selected hospitals. The data was collected after written informed consent was obtained. Any personal identifying variables of each participant were kept confidential. • Consent for publication Not applicable • Availability of data and materials Available and can be submitted upon request. • Competing interests The author declared that there is no conflict of interest • Funding There is no funding • Authors' contributions SA, designed the study, facilitated data collection and conducted data analysis. • Acknowledgements We acknowledge kea-medical college for supporting and facilitating the data collection. Study participants and respective Hospital manager. References Weldetsadik AY, Gishu T, Tekleab AM, Mekonnen Asfaw Y, Girma Legesse T, Demas T. Quality of nursing care and nurses’ working environment in Ethiopia: Nurses’ and physicians’ perception. Int J Africa Nurs Sci. 2019;10(December 2021):131–5. Mulugeta H, Wagnew F, Dessie G, Biresaw H, Habtewold TD. Patient satisfaction with nursing care in Ethiopia: A systematic review and meta-analysis. 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Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-5138462","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":365857828,"identity":"fe53baea-9723-41b6-bfb1-3bf821640ebd","order_by":0,"name":"Sindew Ahmed","email":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAABFklEQVRIiWNgGAWjYDACZgYGCRBtAMQSHwwkePhBvIQCIrVIzqiwkJFsAGkxwG8RXIs0z5kKG4MDMC4OIN/Oe/DGx7Zt8uZiZwxv8LZJ8BifX5344YEBgzy/2AGsWgwO8yVbzmy7bbhzdo6xhSRQi9mNt5slgA4znDk7AbsWZh4zad5ttxk33M4xkzAEazm7AaQlweA2di3yzUAtf7fdtgdrSQQ5bMbZzT/waWE4DNTCuO12IljLgTMSPAb8vdvw2mJwmMfYsvff7eQNt9OKLRsqJHgkbvBus0gwkMDpF/l+YED9OHPbdsPt5I23/xjU2fP3n91880eFjTy/NA6HYQIJsEoJYpWDAP8BUlSPglEwCkbBCAAACPVgkczvZ/8AAAAASUVORK5CYII=","orcid":"","institution":"Menelik II Medical and Health Science College","correspondingAuthor":true,"prefix":"","firstName":"Sindew","middleName":"","lastName":"Ahmed","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2024-09-23 13:26:26","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":"","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-5138462/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-5138462/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":71001334,"identity":"47842855-0cd6-45ba-a53c-ccde790c4c6a","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2024-12-10 05:42:40","extension":"png","order_by":1,"title":"Figure 1","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":85812,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003eNurse Perception on structural related factors working in public hospitals of Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 2024\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"1.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-5138462/v1/bd939a87f190f2d86186b7ef.png"},{"id":71000324,"identity":"ad83c6fb-881c-4fc1-a4a7-5a3f264e9428","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2024-12-10 05:34:40","extension":"png","order_by":2,"title":"Figure 2","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":29428,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003eOverall perception of nurse on structural aspect of the hospitals, working in public hospitals of Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 2024\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"2.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-5138462/v1/85d9ece4be086ed505013245.png"},{"id":71002431,"identity":"1c223b20-ee4a-4e81-a52e-5763c16152d1","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2024-12-10 05:58:40","extension":"png","order_by":3,"title":"Figure 3","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":106683,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003eDimension of Process related factors among nurse on working in public hospitals of Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 2024\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"3.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-5138462/v1/414e1c1a5ffed1c1ef6ee8b0.png"},{"id":71002432,"identity":"1d226496-ff1c-44c8-bf6b-5539514e4d4a","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2024-12-10 05:58:40","extension":"png","order_by":4,"title":"Figure 4","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":27801,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003eOverall perception of nurse on process aspect in public hospitals of Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 2024\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"4.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-5138462/v1/f00c4d3d1ea657edec3c04fd.png"},{"id":71000326,"identity":"e09e1ee9-25fa-4b00-a55b-686b48520002","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2024-12-10 05:34:40","extension":"png","order_by":5,"title":"Figure 5","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":22920,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003ePerception of nurse on quality of nursing care in public hospitals of Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 2024\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"5.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-5138462/v1/c0cc8f93f432c710d3d0fed0.png"},{"id":71003713,"identity":"901d001d-db1c-47bb-998b-8f08f2d85056","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2024-12-10 06:06:42","extension":"pdf","order_by":0,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":994575,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"manuscript.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-5138462/v1/22e47443-7184-44ca-9689-1c84e3dfe32c.pdf"}],"financialInterests":"No competing interests reported.","formattedTitle":"\u003cp\u003ePercieved Quality of Nursing Care and Associated Factors Among Nurse Working at Public Hospitals, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 2024\u003c/p\u003e","fulltext":[{"header":"INTODUCTION","content":"\u003cp\u003eQuality of health care defined as \u0026ldquo;giving care more than patient expectation to increase health benefit by minimizing risk aiming achieving best clinical outcome with available resource (1).In any health care system nurse is basic because they spent their time with patient and 80% of primary care provided by them (2) and they expected to provide preventative, promotive, curative, and rehabilitative care to patients (3).In nursing, the process of giving care to patient should be based on scientific principles to meet the need of each individual patient satisfaction(4,5).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eQuality of service evaluation differs from demand side (patient) and supply side (Nurse) perspectives. Patient measure QNC based on overall perception following their use while supplier(nurse) evaluate based on process of delivering care and design feature(6,7).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBased on Donabedian model quality can be measured in three ways:-structure, process and outcome perspectives. The structures include human resources, material resources and organizational structure. The processes is nursing activities to identify problem (diseases ) and to suggest treatment or solution while outcome refers to clinical results of patient care(8).The models showed the interaction between the system, nurse and the clients(9).Process had technical and interpersonal parts while outcome the impact of the process on patient health such as improved from impairment, satisfaction with treatment gained (10).Implementing nursing process effectively hospitalization reduced, medical errors minimized, waiting time and cost of treatment reduced finally patient satisfaction will be maximized (11,12).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIn developing countries (LMICs 5.7 to 8.4\u0026nbsp;million death ( over 15% of overall death) were due to poor quality(13).In Ethiopia QNC was low and client dissatisfied with nursing care service the gained(14,15).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eConcerning the severity of problem ,minors mistakes made by nurse while giving treatment in the patient's death(3).Furthermore regarding the impact of poor quality of nursing care, Poor quality of nursing care not only harmful but also affect the cost of patient care as well as the country economy as a whole (16).Furthermore it results in disorganization of the service, conflicting roles, medication error, poor diseases prognosis, readmission, dissatisfaction with the care provided, and increased mortality(17,18).When compared high income country with low income countries like Ethiopia regarding hospitalization seven in one hundred in high income countries affected by nosocomial infection while ten in one hundred patients in low income country affected by the same case (19).This leads to increase stress and sadness and worsen their emotional state (20).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThere are different initiatives to improve poor quality of nursing care. The Ethiopian Federal Ministry of Health (FMOH) is working hard to increase the standard of quality of nursing care to enhance better health outcomes (21).Furthermore the Ethiopian government and FMOH jointly conducting a sector-wide reform to increase the standard and accessibility of nursing care at all levels by implementing hospital reform guidelines(22,23). Additionally, after adoption of Health Sector Transformation Plan (HSTP)'s the government aimed to improve quality of service in terms of efficacy and safety in different area of service, including maternity, neonatal, inpatient, and outpatient services(24).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAs Ethiopian Demographic Health Survey (EDHS) report revealed even if some progress has been made in quality of nursing care it has been noted that there is a significant in the equity and quality of nursing care provided throughout the country (21).Even if different initiatives and efforts have been made to improve the quality of nursing care in public health institution still lack some sort of quality of nursing care related issue(24). Therefore identifying the problem and analyzing how to develop and gain a better knowledge on quality of nursing care and forecasting how to limit the occurrence, effect, and severity of service failure is very important to enhance future service(25,26).So that identifying factors for poor quality of nursing care are useful to measure and needed to focus on for improving the quality of their healthcare services. The aim of this study was therefore to assess the quality of nursing care and to identify factors affecting quality of care in the study area.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"MATERIALS AND METHODS","content":"\u003ch2\u003eStudy area and period\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThis research was carried out in Addis Ababa\u0026apos;s public hospitals.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eStudy design\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;An Institutional based cross-sectional study was conducted.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003ePopulation\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ethe source and study population for this study was all nurse working in those public hospitals of Addis Ababa and All nurse working in those selected public hospitals of Addis Ababa, during study period and satisfying the inclusion criteria respectively.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eEligibility Criteria\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eInclusion Criteria\u003c/strong\u003e: All nurses currently working public hospitals of Addis Ababa was included.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eExclusion Criteria\u003c/strong\u003e:\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThose nurses on month off and birth leave during data collection was excluded from this study and Those nurse with less than six month experience and those gave free service\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSample Size Determination and Sampling Procedure\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSample size was determined using single population proportion formula by considering the study done on quality of nursing care at SPHMMC and \u0026nbsp; by taking highest score, which was in nurse carryout orders as 66.7% (1) and with Assumption of \u0026nbsp; 95% two-sided confidence interval and 5% margin of error was used to determine the sample size Therefore, by entering the above assumptions in to a formula:, since the study utilized multi-stage sampling, this sample size was multiplied by 1.5 for the design effect. 1.5*341=512 then by adding non-response rate of 10%, the sample size was \u003cstrong\u003e563\u003c/strong\u003e.A multistage sampling technique was implemented. Out of fourteen public hospitals found in Addis Ababa city by including 30 % (4) hospitals were selected by simple random sampling method. Then the study participants were allocated proportionally based on the number of nurses in each hospital.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eDependent Variable:- Perceived quality of nursing care \u0026nbsp;\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e4.7.1. Independent Variable\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003es\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;and dimensions\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n \u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSocio-demographic characteristics:\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003eAge, sex, marital status, educational level, work experience, employment status, working department, residence, monthly income.\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eStructural dimension of QNC:\u003c/strong\u003e Availability of basic \u0026amp;necessary material \u0026amp;equipment\u0026rsquo;s, Availability of adequate nurse, Professionals\u0026rsquo; development, Nursing service system\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eProcess dimension of QNC\u003c/strong\u003e:- Task-oriented activities, human-oriented activities,staff characteristics, process related Physical environment , Precondition, \u0026nbsp;patient outcomes\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eOperational definitions\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eQuality nursing care\u003c/em\u003e: It is the nursing care that meets patients‟ needs and expectations and also meets the professional standards(27).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eGood perceived on overall quality of nursing care\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e \u0026ndash;The structure and process related dimension with yes and no question will be added, After calculating the mean score , those nurse who score above the mean score(48.6%) \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;was considered as having good perception on quality of nursing care(1).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eStructure\u003c/strong\u003es refers to the attributes of the setting where health care occurs and \u003cstrong\u003eproces\u003c/strong\u003es denotes what is actually done in giving and receiving care; and \u0026ldquo;outcome\u0026rdquo; indicates the effect of care(27).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eGood perception on structural aspect\u003c/strong\u003e: Was measured by adding items regarding \u0026nbsp;availability of basic \u0026amp;necessary material \u0026amp;equipment\u0026rsquo;s, availability of adequate human resource , Professionals development and availability of Nursing service system and by calculating mean score, those who score above the mean score(\u0026gt;47.5%) were considered as having good perception on structural aspect(1).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eGood perception on process related dimension\u003c/strong\u003e: Was assessed by adding the six process related component such as Physical environment, Staff characteristic, Human-oriented activities, Task-oriented activities, Precondition and Patient outcomes and calculating means core those nurse who score above mean score(\u0026gt;49%) was considered as having good perception on process aspect(27).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eStaff characteristics:\u003c/strong\u003e refers to nurses being cautious, careful, friendly, and patient and upholds team spirit to provide nursing service, Human-oriented activities: refers to nurses being empathetic and showing respect, encouragement and psychological support to the patients(27).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTask-oriented activities:\u003c/strong\u003e refers to nurses providing appropriate information, communication, right nursing care, and health education to patients, and willing to provide service as soon as possible(27).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePrecondition:\u003c/strong\u003e indicates that QNC can be achieved if nurses have practice skills, up-to-date knowledge, experience and participation(1).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePatient outcomes:\u003c/strong\u003e refers to the results of the nursing care that meets patients\u0026rsquo; needs, satisfaction and safety requirements(1).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eData collection tool and procedure\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe quality of nursing care assessment tools adapted by reviewing different literature(1,27\u0026ndash;29).It is a 38-item questionnaire with \u0026nbsp;assesses six domains of process and (Physical environment, Staff characteristic, Human-oriented activities, Task-oriented activities, Precondition and Patient outcomes).The \u0026nbsp; tool was first validated in a study on development and psychometric evaluation of a quality nursing care scale from nurses\u0026rsquo; perspective with cronbachs alpha \u0026gt;0.89(30).The questionnaire was divided into three parts. \u0026nbsp;Part one socio demographic characteristics, part two structural related question and, part three process related factors. Data was collected by using self-administered structured questionnaires. The study participants were invited to participate voluntarily by explaining the rational of the study at the time of data collection. Trained data collectors were used to administer pretested questioners. Data was collected by three trained data collectors and one supervisor. Data collectors were diploma holder/BSc nurses/ nurse working in other hospital other than data collection site.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eData quality assurance\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eData collection process was closely supervised. The adapted tool was checked for internal consistence of each question for composite variable by Cronbach Alpha (\u0026alpha;). To evaluate the understandability and the applicability of the instruments, the questionnaire was pretested out of the study area on 5 %(28) of sample size at Menelik II referral hospital before actual data collection period. Based on the findings there was some modifications and arrangements on the respective questions. Measurements and responses were cross checked for missed values, irregularities, inconsistencies, and corrective measures were taken as required.\u0026nbsp;Two-day training on data collection was provided for both data collectors and supervisors.\u0026nbsp;Principal investigator and supervisors made spot-checking.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eData Processing and Analysis\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAfter the data collection, data was checked manually for its completeness every day. The data was edited, coded, entered using Epi data version 3.1 on daily basis and after complete entry of data it was exported to SPSS version 27 for analysis. Data exploration was done to see the characteristics of data. Frequency distribution was done to check for outliers, inconsistencies and to identify missing values. Descriptive statistics such as frequencies, percentage, summary measures, tables and graphs were used to describe the results of the respondents according to the type of data. Then bivariable logistic regression at p value \u0026le; 0.25 was considered as candidate variables for multivariate determine the potential determinants of quality of nursing care. Then significant variables with p value \u0026le; 0.25 was considered as candidate variables for multivariable analysis. A statistically significant association was declared at p-value of \u0026lt;0.05. AOR with its 95% confidence level was used to identify predictors of quality of nursing care.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"RESULTS","content":"\u003cdiv id=\"Sec12\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003eSocio-demographic characteristics\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"BlockQuote\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe mean ages of participant were 34.51(SD\u0026thinsp;+\u0026thinsp;7.1 years, 234((42%) of study participants were found with age group of 30\u0026ndash;39 years and most of them 285(51.2%) were female with 324(58.2%) of them are unmarried and almost one third (27%) of them reside out of Addis Ababa. Regarding educational and employment status, the majority of them only 67(12%) were diploma and 70(12.6%) were not permanent. Concerning their current working department 242(43.4%) were working in medical department and more than half (55.7%) of the nurse had\u0026thinsp;\u0026gt;\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;5years of experience. Furthermore among 557 nurses only 267(47.9%) of them the got monthly income greater than 7380 birr/month \u003cem\u003e(\u003c/em\u003eTable\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab1\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e\u003cem\u003e).\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab1\" border=\"1\"\u003e \u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 1\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSocio-demographic characteristics of nurse working in public hospitals of Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 2024\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/caption\u003e \u003ccolgroup cols=\"4\"\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c3\" colnum=\"3\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c4\" colnum=\"4\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cthead\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eVariable__Cathagory\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003efrequency\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePercent\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colspan=\"1\" nameend=\"c4\" namest=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/thead\u003e \u003ctbody\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"2\" rowspan=\"3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eAge in years\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e20\u0026ndash;29 years\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e172\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e30.9\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e30\u0026ndash;39 years\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e234\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e42.0\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e40\u0026ndash;49 years\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e151\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e27.1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSex\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMale\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e272\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e48.8\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eFemale\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e285\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e51.2\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"4\" rowspan=\"5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMarital status\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003emarried\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e324\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e58.2\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003esingle\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e197\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e35.4\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003edivorced\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e18\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ewidowed\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e10\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.8\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eseparated\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e8\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.4\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"2\" rowspan=\"3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eEducational status\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ediploma\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e67\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.0\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003edegree\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e382\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e68.6\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMasters\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e108\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.4\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eWork experience\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;5 years\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e247\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e44.3\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026gt;=5 years\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e310\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e55.7\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eEmployments status\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePermanent\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e487\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e87.4\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eContract\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e70\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.6\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"7\" rowspan=\"8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eWork departments\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMedical\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e242\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e43.4\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSurgical\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e131\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e23.5\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eGynobs\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e35\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePediatrics\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e70\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.6\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eEmergence\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e31\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.6\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eICU\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e20\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.6\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eENT\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e15\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.7\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eothers\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e13\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ecurrent residence\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eAddis Ababa\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e405\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e72.7\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eOut of Addis Ababa\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e152\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e27.3\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eAverage monthly income\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;=7380\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e290\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e52.1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026gt;=7380\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e267\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e47.9\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/tbody\u003e \u003c/colgroup\u003e \u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec13\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003eNurse perception on structural related components\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eRegarding structural factors nurse were had good perception on professional development and nursing care system related items with magnitude of 314(56.4%) and 312(56%) while most of nurse 329(59.1%) perceive as in adequate nurse in the hospitals but 291(52.2%) of them perceive as adequate material available in the hospitals to give required service (Fig.\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Fig1\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e\u003cb\u003e)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec14\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003eOverall perception of nurse on structural aspect of the hospitals\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eAmong participants 324 (58.2%) of them were perceive overall the hospitals\u0026rsquo; structure were adequate while the rest perceive as inadequate (Fig.\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Fig2\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec15\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003eDimension of Process related factors\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eThis study found that 297(53.3%) of nurses perceive as they had made effort to have good physical environmental for their patient. Regarding Staff characteristics, about 263(47.2%) of the nurse perceive as having good staff activity. Moreover, out of 557 nurses 308(54.8%) of them perceive as having good human-oriented activity. Furthermore, this finding showed 252(45.2%) of the nurses had perception as they had task-oriented activity. Precondition another process related dimension. This finding indicated that two hundred seventy-six nurses%) of nurse perceive as having a good precondition. Two hundred fourteen (38.4%) of nurses perceive as give a good patient outcome (Fig.\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Fig3\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e3\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec16\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003eOverall perception of nurse on process aspect\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eThis finding showed that 241(43.3%) of the nurses perceive as overall nurse activity in the hospital was good while the rest perceive overall bad (Fig.\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Fig4\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e4\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.5: Perception of nurse on quality of nursing care\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAmong 557 nurse 259(46.5%),95%CI:(42.4%-50.4%) were perceive as good quality of nursing care(above mean score of 48.6%)but majority of them 298(53.5%) were perceive as poor quality of nursing care (below mean score of 48.6%) as shown in Fig.\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Fig5\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e5\u003c/span\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec17\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003eFactor associated with nurse perception toward quality of nursing care\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eTo determine the factors that affect the quality of nursing care, the first bivariable logistic regression was fit for each independent variable with the dependent variable to identify the candidate variables. Those variables with p-value less than or equal to 0.25 were selected for the final model. Age in years, Sex, Educational status, work experience, employments status, Work departments and Average monthly Income pass the cutoff point binary regression (p value\u0026thinsp;\u0026le;\u0026thinsp;0.25). These variables were included in the multivariable logistic regression model and for those variables with p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.05 considered as having significant association with perception of quality of nursing care.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eOn the final model nurses with the age group of 30\u0026ndash;39 AOR\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;6.3, CI (3.75\u0026ndash;1062) and 40\u0026ndash;49 years AOR\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;8.66, CI (4.88\u0026ndash;15.37) were positively and significantly associated with quality of nursing care. Moreover, nurse with \u0026gt;\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;5 years\u0026rsquo; experience AOR\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;2.17, 95%CI :( 1.43, 3.29) were positively and significantly associated with nurse perception toward quality of nursing care. Furthermore, those nurse working in surgical and obstetrics and gynecology department, AOR\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;.49,95%CI:(0.29,0.82) and AOR\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;.29,95%CI:(0.17,0.51) were negatively and significantly associated with quality of nursing care.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab2\" border=\"1\"\u003e \u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 2\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eBivariable and multivariable regression table on nurse perception toward quality of nursing care among nurse working in public hospitals of Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 2024\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/caption\u003e \u003ccolgroup cols=\"8\"\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c3\" colnum=\"3\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c4\" colnum=\"4\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c5\" colnum=\"5\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c6\" colnum=\"6\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c7\" colnum=\"7\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c8\" colnum=\"8\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003ctbody\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eVariables _\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePQNC\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c4\" namest=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCOR 95%CI\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eP\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eAOR95%CI\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eP value\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"1\" nameend=\"c8\" namest=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eGood\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ePoor\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"2\" rowspan=\"3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eAge in years\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e20\u0026ndash;29 years\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e31\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e141\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e30\u0026ndash;39 years\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e127\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e107\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.40(3.39,8.61)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e.000\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.31(3.75,10.62)*\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e.001\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e40\u0026ndash;49 years\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e101\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e50\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.19(5.49,15.39)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e.000\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.66(4.88,15.37)*\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e.001\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSex\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMale\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e114\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e158\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eFemale\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e145\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e140\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.44(1.03,2.01)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e.034\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.39(0.94,2.05)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e.096\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"2\" rowspan=\"3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eEducational status\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ediploma\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e28\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e39\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003edegree\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e193\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e189\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.42(0.84,2.41)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e.189\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e.69(0.37,1.28)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e.239\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMasters\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e38\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e70\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e.77(0.40,1.41)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e.381\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e.52(0.25,1.08)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e.079\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ework experience\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;5 years\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e88\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e159\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026gt;=5 years\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e171\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e139\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.22(1.58,3.13)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e.000\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.17(1.43,3.29)*\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e.001\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eEmployments status\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePermanent\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e228\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e259\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.11(0.67,1.83)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e.691\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.34(0.75,2.42)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e.323\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eContract\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e31\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e39\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"3\" rowspan=\"4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eWork departments\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMedical\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e116\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e126\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSurgical\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e57\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e74\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e.84(0.55,1.28)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e.414\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e.49(0.29,0.82)*\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e.007\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePediatrics\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e44\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e26\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.84(1.06,3.18)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e.029\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.10(0.58,2.11)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e.764\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eGynobs and others\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e42\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e72\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e.63(0.40,1.00)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e.050\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e.29(0.17,0.51)*\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e.001\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eAverage monthly Income\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;=7380\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e113\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e177\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026gt;=7380\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e146\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e121\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.8900(1.35,2.6)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e.000\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.42(0.96,2.08)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e.076\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/tbody\u003e \u003c/colgroup\u003e \u003ctfoot\u003e \u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd colspan=\"8\"\u003e*=p value\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.05\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/tfoot\u003e \u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e"},{"header":"DISCUSION","content":"\u003cp\u003eThis study assessed perceived quality of nursing care and associated factors among nurse working in public hospitals of Addis Ababa. The overall perceived quality of nursing care among nurse working in public hospitals of Addis Ababa was 46.5%, 95%CI :( 42.4%-50.4%).This finding indicate that most of nurse working in public hospitals had poor perception toward QNC. Almost 58.2% and 43.3% of nurse were had good perception toward hospital structure and overall process. Regarding structural factors nurse were had good perception(59.1%) on adequacy of nurse in the hospitals but relatively low perception (52.2%) on adequate material availability in the hospitals to give required service. Concerning process related components, most of nurse (54.8%) them perceive as having good human oriented activity while only 38.4% of nurse perceive as give a good patient outcome.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThis study finding higher than the study done at a cross-sectional study done for assessing health care service in the East Gojjam Zone of Northwest Ethiopia revealed that the overall quality of nursing care was rated at 40% which was below national standard(28) and a study done in South Gondar revealed 11.99% had good nursing care practice (31).The reason for discrepancy of the result might be due to methodological variations, study tool difference ,study period and infrastructure difference may contribute for the discrepancy.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eRegarding factors associated with perceived quality of nursing care age, year of experience and working department were factors associated with QNC. Those nurse with age group 30\u0026ndash;39 years and 40\u0026ndash;49 years were 6.3 and 8.7 times more likely to have good perception on quality of nursing care. This might be due to older age group were had more knowledge about working process and more responsible for the outcome. More over most of them in this age group were seniors the render more responsibility than those fresh nurse. Compared to those nurse with \u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;5 years\u0026rsquo; experience, having\u0026thinsp;\u0026gt;\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;5 years\u0026rsquo; experience were 2.17 times more likely to have a good perception on quality of nursing care. The reason might be due to those experienced know detail about structural aspect of their hospitals as well as activity which is done by the hospitals regarding human oriented activity, task oriented activity and so on. This finding supported by the study done South Gondar identified the respondents who had work experience of more than 5 years\u0026rsquo; experience had positive impact toward QNC (31).Furthermore those nurse working in surgical and obstetrics and gynecology department were by 51% and 61%less likely to have good perception toward quality of nursing care. The reason behind might be the nature of work in these department were more unpredictable outcome as compared with others so that nurse working on those department needs strict follow up of their patient so that quality of nursing care might be poor nurse in adequacy and others.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec19\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003eLIMMITATION OF THE STUDY\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eQuality is a subjective construct and is not limited to the perceptions of any one specific profession and health care activity is teamwork, quality of nursing care is not only rendered in nurse but other health professionals as well. lastly the study was based on self-administered not on observation not free from bias such as recall bias and desirability bias and social desirability bias.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e"},{"header":"CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS","content":"\n\u003ch3\u003eCONCLUSION\u003c/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFrom this finding, it can be concluded only less than half of nurses had good perception toward quality of nursing care. Older age group (30\u0026ndash;49) years, year of experience (having\u0026thinsp;\u0026gt;\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;5 years) and working department (surgical and obstetrics and gynecology department) were factors which had statistical association with perception on quality of nursing care.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec22\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003eRECOMMENDATION\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eBased upon the findings the following recommendations are forwarded:\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSince the overall perception of nurse on quality of nursing care is low (below 50%) FMOH was expected to work hard on quality nursing care aspect\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cb\u003eThe Hospitals\u003c/b\u003e Should do strict follow up on nurse who are working in surgical and obygyn department. And should make appropriate rotation based on their experience.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThose less experienced nurse and young age group should work under supervision of senior\u0026rsquo;s nurse.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cb\u003eResearchers\u003c/b\u003e Should support by qualitative study such as in-depth interview and observation to explore in detail and to minimize bias\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e"},{"header":"Abbreviations","content":"\u003cp\u003eALERT……………. All African Leprosy Rehabilitation and training centers \u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAOR…………………………… Adjusted odd ratio \u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCOR ………………………… Crude odd ratio \u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eETB…………………………. Ethiopian birr\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFMOH………………………. Federal ministry of health\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eHSTP ………………………. Health sector transformation plan \u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eQNC ………………………. Quality of nursing care\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSPSS ………………………. Statistical package for social sciences\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eTASH………………………… Tikur Anbessa Specialized hospitals\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWHO ……………………… World health organization\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eZMGH………………………….Zewditu Memorial General Hospital\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Declarations","content":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eEthics approval and consent to participate.\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eEthical approval was obtained from Kea-med medical college of publication office for approval and Ethical clearance was obtained from Addis Ababa public health Research and Emergency management directorate then to selected hospitals. \u0026nbsp;The data was collected after written informed consent was obtained. Any personal identifying variables of each participant were kept confidential.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e• \u003cstrong\u003eConsent for publication\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eNot applicable\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e• \u003cstrong\u003eAvailability of data and materials\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;Available and can be submitted upon request.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e• \u003cstrong\u003eCompeting interests\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe author declared that there is no conflict of interest\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e• Funding\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThere is no funding\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e• Authors' contributions\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSA, designed the study, facilitated data collection and conducted data analysis.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e• Acknowledgements\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWe acknowledge kea-medical college for supporting and facilitating the data collection. Study participants and respective Hospital manager.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"References","content":"\u003col\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eWeldetsadik AY, Gishu T, Tekleab AM, Mekonnen Asfaw Y, Girma Legesse T, Demas T. Quality of nursing care and nurses\u0026rsquo; working environment in Ethiopia: Nurses\u0026rsquo; and physicians\u0026rsquo; perception. Int J Africa Nurs Sci. 2019;10(December 2021):131\u0026ndash;5. \u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMulugeta H, Wagnew F, Dessie G, Biresaw H, Habtewold TD. Patient satisfaction with nursing care in Ethiopia: A systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Nurs. 2019;18(1):1\u0026ndash;12. \u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eJames OE, E. ER, Chukwudi UE, Paulina AI. Knowledge Practice and Outcome of Quality Nursing Care Among Nurses in University of Calabar Teaching Hospital (UCTH). J Educ Train Stud. 2016;4(11):179\u0026ndash;93. \u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAiken LH, Clarke SP, Cheung RB, Sloane DM, Silber JH. Educational Levels of Hospital Nurses and Surgical Patient Mortality. Jama. 2003;290(12):1617\u0026ndash;23. \u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eM.Y.Coonvadia. identification and evaluation of patient satisfaction determinant in medical service delivery in South Africa. BMC Health Serv Res. 2008;18(November):1. \u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eBhaladhare R. Assessment of Quality care in the health care sector : A Systematic Review. 2023;12(4):1371\u0026ndash;85. \u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMalik SU. Customer Satisfaction, Perceived Service Quality and Mediating Role of Perceived Value. Int J Mark Stud. 2012;4(1). \u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eDonabedian A. Assessing the quality of care,how can it be assessed. Vol. 312, Bmj. 1980. p. 185. \u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eDonabedian A. Evaluating the quality of medical care. Milbank Q. 2005;83(4):691\u0026ndash;729. \u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eBrook RH, Lohr KN. The Definition of Quality and Approaches to Its Assessment. Health Serv Res. 1981;16(2):236\u0026ndash;7. \u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eEbisa Z, Abebe D, Meseret R, Eshetu E C, Guta kune. Implementation of Nursing Process and Its\u0026rsquo; Associated Factors among Nurses\u0026rsquo; Working at Public Hospitals of Central Ethiopian, 2020; Institutional Based Cross-sectional Study. J Nurs Pract. 2022;5(3):473\u0026ndash;9. \u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eZainab SO, State O. Determinants of Utilization of Nursing Process Among Nurses in University College Hospital, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria. J Heal Med Nurs. 2020;70:34\u0026ndash;41. \u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eInstitute of Medicine. Shaping the Future; Crossing the quality chasm: a new health system for the 21th century. Institute of Medicine. National Academies Press; 2001. 1\u0026ndash;8 p. \u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eBirhanu Z, Assefa T, Woldie M, Morankar S. Determinants of satisfaction with health care provider interactions at health centres in central Ethiopia: A cross sectional study. BMC Health Serv Res. 2010;10. \u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eHagos F, Alemseged F, Balcha F, Berhe S, Aregay A. Application of Nursing Process and Its Affecting Factors among Nurses Working in Mekelle Zone Hospitals, Northern Ethiopia. Nurs Res Pract. 2014;2014:1\u0026ndash;8. \u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eWHO. World report And Ageing on Health. Экономика Региона. 2017;32. \u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMiskir Y, Emishaw S. Determinants of Nursing Process Implementation in North East Ethiopia: Cross-Sectional Study. Nurs Res Pract. 2018;2018:1\u0026ndash;9. \u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMolla M. Assessment of Factors Affecting Implementation of Nursing Process Among Nurses in Selected Governmental Hospitals, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Cross Sectional Study. J Nurs Care. 2014;03(03). \u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eD. P, L. D. Clean Care is Safer Care: A worldwide priority. Lancet. 2005;366(9493):1246\u0026ndash;7. \u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eTabassum Khan N. To Assess the Effect of Hospitalization on Adult Patients\u0026rsquo; Mental Health. J Clin Res Reports. 2023;13(4):01\u0026ndash;6. \u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCSA. ETHIOPIA Demographic and Health Survey 2016. 2016. \u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eEdvardsson D, Watt E, Pearce F. Patient experiences of caring and person-centredness are associated with perceived nursing care quality. J Adv Nurs. 2017;73(1):217\u0026ndash;27. \u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eFMOH. Ethiopian Hospital Services. Guideline. 2016;1(September,2016):133. \u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eFMOH. ETHIOPIAN NATIONAL HEALTH CARE QUALITY Transforming the Quality of Health Care in Ethiopia. 2020; \u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIsouard G. r e SE A RC H a r t i c le Health Service Managers in Australia : progression and evolution. 2016;(July). \u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eWorld Health Organization African Regional Office. The African Regional Health Report: The Health of the People. World Heal Organ. 2006;196. \u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eVoyce J, Gouveia MJB, Medinas MA, Santos AS, Ferreira RF. A Donabedian model of the quality of nursing care from nurses\u0026rsquo; perspectives in a Portuguese hospital: A pilot study. J Nurs Meas. 2015;23(3):474\u0026ndash;84. \u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSharew Y, Mullu G, Abebe N, Mehare T. Quality of health care service assessment using Donabedian model in East Gojjam Zone, Northwest Ethiopia, 2018. African J Med Heal Sci. 2020;19(9):157\u0026ndash;65. \u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eHabte T, Tsige Y, Cherie A. Survey on the quality of care standards in a nursing/midwifery training hospital at tikur anbessa specialized hospital in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 2019. Adv Med Educ Pract. 2020;11:763\u0026ndash;74. \u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eLiu Y, Aungsuroch Y, Gunawan J, Sha L, Shi T. Development and psychometric evaluation of a quality nursing care scale from nurses\u0026rsquo; perspective. Nurs Open. 2021;8(4):1741\u0026ndash;54. \u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAytenew TM, Eshetie Y, Belay DM, Minuye B, Alebachew W, Chanie ES, et al. Quality of palliative care practice and it\u0026acute;s associated factors among nurses working in South Gondar Zone Public Hospitals, Northwest Ethiopia: facility-based cross-sectional study. Pan African Med J One Heal. 2022;9. \u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ol\u003e"}],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":true,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":true,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":false,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":false,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":false,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"Donabedian, perceived quality of nursing care, Addis Ababa, quality of care","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-5138462/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-5138462/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eBACKGROUND: \u003c/strong\u003ePoor quality nursing care services are not merely harmful but also lead to waste of the economy of the country which will help improve the lives of citizens which leads to, disorganization of the service, conflicting roles, medication error, poor disease prognosis, readmission, dissatisfaction with the care provided, and increased mortality.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eOBJECTIVE:\u003c/strong\u003e To assess perceived quality of nursing care and associated factors among nurse working in public hospitals of Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 2024\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMETHODS\u003c/strong\u003e: An institutional based cross-sectional study was conducted in four selected hospitals of Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. A total of 563 nurses were included in this study. Study participants were selected using simple random sampling. Self-administered questionnaire was used. Pre-test questionnaire was done at another site and data were checked for completeness, clean and enter into Epi-Data version 3.1and export into SPSS version 27 for analysis. The descriptive part was presented using narration, in tables and figures. A Bivariable logistic regression was used to identify potential candidate variables. To control potential confounding variables, principal component analysis was done; the regression result was presented using AOR with 95% CI and p value less than 0.05 as level of significance.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eRESULT: \u003c/strong\u003eThe overall perceived quality of nursing care among nurses working in public hospitals of Addis Ababa was 46.5%, 95%CI :( 42.4%-50.4%). The finding identified that age group 30-39 years and 40-49 years AOR=6.31, 95%CI: (3.75,10.62) and AOR=8.66,95%CI: (4.88,15.37) respectively, having \u0026gt;=5 years AOR= 2.17, 95%CI:(1.43, 3.29) and working department( nurse working in surgical and obstetrics and gynecology department) AOR=.49,95%CI:(0.29,0.82) and AOR=.29,95%CI:(0.17,0.51) respectively were factors significantly associated with perceived quality of nursing care.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION\u003c/strong\u003e: The finding of this study indicates more than half of nurses perceived as quality nursing care was poor. Age, year of experience and working department were factors associated with quality of nursing care. Hospital managers and other concerned bodies are recommended to take intervention on those identified factors in these studies.\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"Percieved Quality of Nursing Care and Associated Factors Among Nurse Working at Public Hospitals, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 2024","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2024-12-10 05:34:35","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-5138462/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"43b6a0bf-31d8-4695-84a4-7656ce9e611a","owner":[],"postedDate":"December 10th, 2024","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"posted","subjectAreas":[],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2024-12-10T05:34:37+00:00","versionOfRecord":[],"versionCreatedAt":"2024-12-10 05:34:35","video":"","vorDoi":"","vorDoiUrl":"","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-5138462","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-5138462","identity":"rs-5138462","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"qtupq5eGEP_6zYnWcrvyt","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}